Dukan sarakunan Rasha domin (hotuna): cikakken jerin

Kasa shi ne mai cikakken jerin duk da Rasha tsars. Domin kusan shekaru 400 da wanzuwar wannan suna shi ne gaba daya mutane daban-daban - daga adventurers da kuma masu sassaucin ra'ayi da kuma Conservatives ga mãsu tanƙwasãwa.

Rurik

Domin shekaru masu yawa, Rasha (daga Rurik zuwa Putin) canza tsarin siyasa, sau da yawa. Da farko shugabanni sa title na yarima. Lokacin bayan tsawon siyasa fragmentation a kusa da birnin Moscow ya ɓullo da wani sabon Rasha jihar, da Kremlin masu suna tunanin yadda za a dauki sarauta take.

Yana da aka za'ayi a karkashin Ivan da Munin (1547-1584). The Grand Duke yanke shawarar aure a cikin mulkin. Kuma an yanke shawarar wannan da aka yi ba da hatsari. Saboda haka Moscow monarch ya jaddada cewa, ya - magaji na Byzantine sarakuna. Sai waɗanda suka yi Rasha Orthodoxy. A XVI karni Byzantine Empire daina wanzu (shi ya fadi a karkashin mãsu alãma daga cikin Ottoman), Ivan Grozny haka gaskiya gaskanta cewa ayyuka, sunã da wata babbar m muhimmanci.

Irin wannan tarihi Figures a matsayin sarki yana da babban tasiri a kan ci gaban da dukan ƙasar. Bayan da cewa Ivan Grozny aka maye gurbinsu da take, ya kuma kama Kazan kuma Astrakhan khanate, fara Rasha fadada zuwa Gabas.

Dan Ivan Fedor (1584-1598) da aka bambanta da wani rauni da hali da kuma kiwon lafiya. Duk da haka, idan shi ya ci gaba wajen samar da jiha. Yana da aka kafa ta da patriarchate. Shugabanni na Rasha jihar ta ko da yaushe biya yawa da hankali ga batun na maye. Wannan lokaci, ya tashi musamman gunaguni ƙwarai. Fedor da yara. Lokacin da ya rasu, Rurik daular a kan gadon sarautar yanke takaice.

lokaci na matsaloli

Bayan rasuwar Theodore zo ikon, Boris Godunov (1598-1605) - ɗan'uwansa a dokar. Ya ba su kasance a cikin gidan sarauta, da kuma da yawa dauke da shi a usurper. Lokacin da shi saboda bala'o'i ya fara wani babban yunwa. Sarakuna da shugabannin Rasha ya kullum kokarin kiyaye zaman lafiya a larduna. Yana iya yin haka ba, saboda na siga halin da ake ciki da cewa Godunov. A kasar ya wuce da dama baƙauye yunkuri.

Bugu da kari, da mai kasada Grisha Otrepyev ya kira kansa da daya daga cikin 'ya'yan Ivana Groznogo, kuma ya fara wani soja yaƙi da Moscow. Ya gaske gudanar ya kama da babban birnin kasar da kuma zama sarki. Boris Godunov har zuwa wannan lokaci bai rayu - ya mutu daga kiwon lafiya rikitarwa. Dansa Theodore II aka kama da kuma kashe abokan aiki Falsdmitry.

Ƙãƙalen faɗarsa dokoki kawai a shekara kafin ya hambarar a lokacin Moscow tawaye, wanda ya zama wahayi zuwa disgruntled Rasha boyars, wanda bai son cewa Lzhedmitry kewaye kansa da Polish Katolika. Boyar Duma yanke shawarar wuce kambi Vasiliyu Shuyskomu (1606-1610). A lokatan wahala sau da yawa canza shugabanni na Rasha.

Shugabanninmu, da sarakunansu, da shugabannin Rasha ya hankali tsare da ikonsa. Shuya bai rike shi, kuma aka kifar da Polish invaders.

farko Romanovs

Lokacin da, a cikin 1613, Moscow da aka sami 'yanci daga waje invaders, da tambaya tashi daga wanda ya yi kome da kowa. Wannan rubutu ya gabatar da dukan sarakunan Rasha domin (hotuna). Yanzu yana da lokaci zuwa magana game da hawan zuwa kursiyin da Romanov daular.

A farko sarki na wannan irin - Michael (1613-1645) - ya kasance wani sosai saurayi lokacin da ya aiko domin ya yi mulkin sararin kasa. Its main nufin ya yaki tare da Poland for kãma shi a lokacin da matsaloli da ƙasa.

Waɗannan su ne tarihin rayuwa da shugabanni da kuma kwanan wata na Board har zuwa tsakiyar XVII karni. Bayan Mikhail mulki dansa Alex (1645-1676). Ya shiga cikin Rasha hagu-banki Ukraine da kuma Kiev. Saboda haka, bayan 'yan ƙarni na fragmentation da Lithuanian Mulki fraternal mutane, a karshe, ya fara rayuwa a daya kasar.

Alexei da 'ya'ya da yawa. Babbansu su, Theodore III (1676-1682), ta shige a wani matasa shekaru. Bayan shi ya zo a lokaci guda ta mulkin yara biyu - Ivan da Bitrus.

Petr Veliky

Ivan bai iya gudu cikin ƙasar. Saboda haka, a shekarar 1689, shi ya fara da tafin kafa mulkin Petra Velikogo. Ya gaba daya sake gina kasar a Turai iri. Rasha - daga Rurik zuwa Putin (a cikin shekara-shekara domin, la'akari da dukan sarakuna) - san 'yan misalai don haka m zamanin canji.

Wani sabon sojojin da kuma sojojin ruwa. Don yin wannan, Peter kaddamar da wani yaki da Sweden. '21 dade Arewa War. A lokacin da ta Sweden sojojin da aka ci, da kuma mulkin, ya amince ya cede ta kudancin Baltic asashe. A wannan yankin, a 1703, an kafa ta Saint-Petersburg - sabon babban birnin kasar Rasha. Bitrus nasarar tilasta masa ya yi tunani game da canza suna. A 1721 ya zama sarki. Duk da haka, wannan canji ba kau da mulki - a yau da kullum jawabin wadanada ci gaba da kira sarakuna.

A zamanin fada juyin mulki

Bitrus mutuwa aka bi ta wani dogon lokaci na rashin zaman lafiya da ikon. Kowace jiha nasara da juna tare da m tsari, ya taimaka da fadar juyin mulki ne. A shugaban wadannan canje-canje, kamar yadda mai mulkin, tsaya tsare ko wasu fadawan sarki. A wannan zamanin Catherine na dokokin (1725-1727), Bitrus II (1727-1730), Anna Ioannovna (1730-1740), John VI (1740-1741), Elizaveta Petrovna (1741-1761) da kuma Peter III (1761-1762 ).

A karshen su ya Jamus a asalin. Lokacin da magabacinsa Peter III, Elizabeth Rasha kulla wata nasara yaƙi da Prussia. A sabon monarch ya ba har duk samu, da Sarkin koma zuwa Berlin, da kuma kammala a yarjejeniya da su. Wannan harka, da ya sanya hannu kansa mutuwa tushe. Guard shirya wani juyin mulki, bayan da kursiyin kuma akwai Peter matar Catherine II.

Catherine II da kuma Paul na

Catherine II (1762-1796) da wani babban jama'a hankali. A kan kursiyin, ta fara bi manufar haskaka absolutism. A Empress ya shirya sanannen aiki na dokoki Hukumar, wanda manufarsa shine shirya wani m aikin na sake fasalin a Rasha. ta kuma rubuta da umarni. Wannan daftarin aiki ya ƙunshi ra'ayoyi da yawa game da zama dole ya gyara aikinsa, ga kasar. A sake fasalin da aka tsaya a lokacin da a cikin 1770s da Volga baƙauye tawaye ya barke a karkashin jagorancin Pugachev.

Dukan sarakunan da shugabannin Rasha (a cikin shekara-shekara domin da muka lissafa duk Royals) kula game da kasar mayalwaci dubi kasa da kasa fagen fama. Ba ta kasance ba togiya da Catherine. Ta ya gudanar da dama nasara soja kamfen da Turkey. A sakamakon haka, Rasha da aka haɗe zuwa Crimea da kuma sauran muhimman yankuna na Black Sea. A karshen zamanin Catherine uku sassan na Poland. Tun da Rasha Empire tsiwirwirinsu muhimmanci ganĩmõmi a yamma.

Bayan rasuwar babban empress zo ikon, da danta Paul na (1796-1801). Wannan feisty mutum ba ya son mai yawa na St. Petersburg Elite.

A farkon rabin na XIX karni

A 1801, akwai wani, kuma na karshe juyin mulki. A rukuni na maƙarƙashiya aikatã game da Paul. A kan kursiyin ya dansa Alexander I (1801-1825). Mulkinsa ya zo daga yakin duniya na biyu da kuma da mamayewa na Napoleon. Shugabanni na Rasha jihar for ƙarni biyu ya ba su fuskanci irin wannan tsanani maƙiyi baki. Duk da kama na Moscow, Napoleon aka ci. Alexander ya zama mafi mashahuri da kuma sanannun monarch na Old World. Haka kuma an kira shi "liberator na Turai."

A cikin nasu kasar a matsayin wani saurayi, Alexander kokarin yi masu sassaucin ra'ayi da sake fasalin. Historical Figures sau da yawa canza su manufofin da shekaru. Ga kuma Alexander zarar watsi da su ideas. Ya mutu a cikin Taganrog a 1825 a karkashin m yanayi.

A farkon sarautar da ɗan'uwansa, Nicholas I (1825-1855) akwai wani tawaye na Decembrists. Saboda wannan, domin shekara talatin, kasar bikin da ra'ayin mazan jiya domin.

The biyu da rabi na XIX karni

Ga duk Rasha tsars domin, tare da hotuna. Wadannan tattaunawa mayar da hankali a kan babban kawo canji na Rasha statehood - Alexander II (1855-1881). Ya zama manifesto da Mafarin kwata 'yanci na manoma. Halakar feudalism taimaka wajen samar da Rasha kasuwar da kuma jari-hujja. A kasar fara ci gaban tattalin arziki. A sake fasalin ta shafa a sashen shari'a, na gida da gwamnati, gwamnati da kuma conscription tsarin. A monarch aka ƙoƙarin tada kasar a kan ƙafafunsa da kuma koyi darussa ne da ya gabatar a rasa Crimean War, fara karkashin Nicholas I.

Amma da radicals kasance kaɗan da sake fasalin na Alexander. 'Yan ta'adda sun maimaitawa sanya yunkurin a kan ransa. A 1881, sun yi nasara. Alexander II da aka kashe wani bam. The labari ya zo a buga ga dukan duniya.

Saboda abin da ya faru da marigayin monarch ta dan, Alexander III (1881-1994) da ya zama m reactionary da kuma ra'ayin mazan jiya. Amma mafi yawansu duk ya aka sani a matsayin mai kyautatãwa. A zamanin mulkinsa, Rasha ya ba ta gudanar da wani yaki.

na karshe sarki

A 1894, Alexander III mutu. Ikon zartar a hannun Nicholas II (1894-1917) - dansa da kuma na karshe Rasha monarch. By lokacin da tsohon duniya domin tare da cikakken iko na sarakuna, ya kuma sarakuna sun outlived da amfani. Rasha - daga Rurik zuwa Putin - san mai yawa hargitsi, amma shi ya kasance karkashin Nicholas su more fiye da da.

A cikin 1904-1905. kasar samu mai wulãkantarwa yaki da Japan. Yana da aka bi ta farko juyin juya halin. Ko da yake tashin aka mur, da Sarkin ya yi asasshe to jama'a ra'ayi. Ya ya amince da kafa wani tsarin mulki daular mulkinsu da kuma majalisar dokokin kasar.

Sarakuna da shugabannin Rasha a duk sau fuskanci wasu 'yan adawa a cikin jihar. Yanzu mutane na iya zaben 'yan majalisar dokokin suka bayyana da wadannan sentiments.

A shekara ta 1914 yakin duniya na farko. Babu daya sa'an nan da ake zargi da cewa shi zai kawo karshen faduwar dama daular, ciki har da Rasha. A 1917, da Fabrairu juyin juya halin ya barke, da kuma na karshe tsar yi abdicate. Nicholas II da iyalinsa aka kashe ta Bolsheviks a cikin cellar na Ipatiev gidan a Yekaterinburg.