Da samuwar Slavic cewa: cikin sharuddan, yanayi da kuma dalilai. A farko Slavic jihohi

Slavic mutane zo zuwa karkarar Black Sea matsayin farko a matsayin na uku Millennium BC. Very da sauri sun shagaltar da sararin asashe. Inda suka zo daga, wanda kakanninmu masu? Lokacin da na farko Slavic jihar? Bari mu binciko waxannan abubuwan.

prehistory

Da zarar a farkon karni BC, Slavic suka zauna a nasu yankuna, da kuma fara samar da wata gwamnati, da suka da aka sani kadan. Masana tarihi da kuma masana kimiyya-bincike, dangane da wani sa na shaida, an yi imani da cewa kakanninmu ƙware isasshe manyan yankuna na ƙasar, ciki har da yankin Balkans da kuma Gabashin Turai.

Official bayanai game da kabilan tuba zuwa ga na farko Slavic jihar, dauke records ƙarni na bakwai bayan Almasihu. A wadannan manyan-sikelin tsarin tuna dangane da gaskiyar cewa kewaye yankunan sun sauran mutane wanda aka ƙoƙarin hambarar da su.

Da samuwar Slavic cewa: Table fitowan theories

Duk da yake yawancin masana kimiyya ne masu tasowa da wannan batu, su ra'ayoyi sun fi mayar da irin wannan. Akwai kawai uku theories cewa bayyana yadda akwai farko Eastern Slavic jihar. Bari mu bincika su daki-daki, kazalika da gano wanda ya fi rayayye kiyaye da kuma raya wadannan rukunai:

kanta

Mu dubi mafi hankula rukunan. Kamar yadda masu yawa kamar yadda 80% na zamani masana tarihi sun yarda da cewa samuwar Slavic jihohin fara iko da kanta. Ya mai girma ƙungiyar na dama kabilu. Mũ ne Muka halitta domin ya iya yin hade kare kansu duk wani nau'i na makiya, wanda ya yi sanadiyar m ƙasar. The Union wani alama, a kalla m. Jĩkõki, da ake kira Power Hakika, da sauran tsare-tsare da hare-hare a kan ruwan dare ƙauyuka.

A da tsarin sun kabilu da suka rayu a kan ƙasa na zamani:

• Moravians,

• Serbs,

• Czechs,

• Slovaks,

• Croats.

A tsakiyar wannan jam'iyya wani birni wanda ake kira Visegrad. Ya tsaya a kan kogin Morava. Sunan protogosudarstva aka samu a madadin shugaban. Kai gudanar ya gama karkashin umurnin da zarar-warwatse kabilu.

The shugaban daga cikin dokoki na shekara talatin, da suka fara da 623 shekara kuma har zuwa 658. Ya gudanar ya cimma babban sakamako. Hada a daya jiha ne quite daban-daban kabilu. Amma ya juya waje cewa duk da ikon kansa ya aka hade kawai baiwa na shugaban. A wannan lokacin, a lokacin da shugaban ya mutu, kuma shi daina wanzuwa.

Bulgarian mulki

Da samuwar Slavic furta - shi ne mai tsawo da tsari. Yana da aka tasha jinkiri, ya dawo da asali jihar. Bayan da Power kanta m up a cikin shekara 658, shi ne wani shafe tsawon lull. Yana da aka katse a 681, a lokacin da na farko ambaci Bulgarian mulkin.

Kamar baya ƙarni, shi ne wani nau'i ne na kungiyar a cikin abin da m kabilan sõyayya. Irin wannan alliance ya m domin su kama sabon yankuna. A Bulgarian mulki kunshi kabilan Slavs da Turks. Daga irin wannan symbiosis ne riga a karni na goma, akwai Bulgaria National.

8-9 karni da dama da mafi ci gaban da Mulkin. A lokaci guda Slavs ne rinjaye kabila a wadannan yankunan. Ci gaba da al'adu, adabi, gine. Bulgarian Kingdom ne a aiki tashin da Rum.

Ana zargin da Slavic jihohin da aka sosai disadvantageous ga shi. The Byzantine Empire wadãta kuma ciyar dũkiyõyinsu m, amma ba zato ba tsammani ya sauko a kan wani m juriya.

A heyday na mulkin da ya m ya Saminu. Ya ga gaci mayar da yankin zuwa Black Sea da kuma haifar da babban birnin kasar zuwa Preslav.

Bayan da sarki ya mutu, da batutuwa fara zuwa wurin yaƙi a cikin jihar. Kowa ya so ya ansu rubuce-rubucen da ya kabilar ƙasa mafi alheri, kuma ya fi girma.

A 1014 zo ƙarshen Bulgarian mulkin. Ya raunana da ciki fadace-fadace, da sojojinsa nasara da Byzantine sarki ba tare da wahala. Basil II, ya ci, Ya makantar da 15,000 sojoji. A 1021, babban birnin kasar da aka kama da Bulgarian Mulkin Srem. A daidai wannan lokaci da jihar ba.

Moravia

Wadannan a cikin lokaci a cikin abin da samuwar Slavic jihohin, ya mai girma Moravia. Power ya bayyana a matsayin wani yunkurin su kare kansu daga makiya hare-hare na Jamus kabilu a tara karni. A lokaci guda ya fara faruwa wani tashin hankali feudalisation a Turai. Mutane da yawa kananan manoma sun yi ƙoƙarin tserewa zuwa Moravia kuma tare da mazauna yankunan don tsara karfi da juriya knightly nobility. Warwatse kabilu da ke kawance.

A lokacin Svjatopolka a jihar hada da: Pannonia, Czech Republic, Slovakia da kuma Poland Ƙananan. Kamar yadda a baya Slavic al'ummai, a Moravia babu tsakiyar iko. Mai kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar yankuna zauna a karkashin shugaban ko sarki. Sai ya zama babban birnin Velehrad.

A 863 Moravia isa Kiristoci na farko tare da Cyril da Methodius. Suna da kakkarfan tasiri a kan samuwar rubuce-rubuce a wannan jiha da kuma duk Slavic kungiyoyin.

Moravia wadãta a lokacin rayuwarsa da kuma sarautar Svyatopolk. Lokacin da Bishop mutu, tare da shi ya zo karshe, kuma jihar. Wannan yanayin ne ga kowa da kowa da tsoho tsarin na Slavs. A kan ƙasa da tsohon Moravian farmaki da Magyars, da kuma bayan su - da makiyaya. Slovakia m tafi zuwa Hungary, da Jamhuriyar Czech da kuma farkon mai zaman kanta zama.

Kievan Rus

Da samuwar Slavic jihohin da ya faru a dama da lokaci. Kievan Rus ya fi iko da pre-Kirista kasashen. Yana kunshi gabashin Slavs. Suka ha] a guda jihar a cikin 8-9 karni. Cibiyar na Kievan Rus gari a cikin birnin Kiev. A cikakken tarihi na ikon da aka bayyana ta da tarihin Nestor a "The Tale of bygone Years".

A kasar ta samu isowa Kristanci, auka daga cikin Byzantine Empire, nomadic mutãnensu, tsakanin wanda aka mangolawa jagorancin Genghis Khan. A 1054 a cikin abun da ke ciki shi ne duk da kabilan da Eastern Slavs. Kievan Rus m up a 1132.

Da samuwar Slavic cewa: Slavic shiri tebur

Bisa ga m yankunan, da Slavs suka rabu yammacin, gabas da kudancin. Daga gare su, daga baya ware kabilun da yarensu, al'adu da kuma hadisai da aka kafa. Slavic jihohin fito a matsayin mai ƙungiyar na kananan kabilu, wadda daga ƙarshe ta raba cikin:

Kamar yadda ka gani, da Slavic mutane a cikin shekaru dubbai ya tafi da cewa, ta samar da nasu, da darasi ko na jiha. Wannan hanya da aka ƙayayuwa, sau da yawa za a iya katse, duk da haka wannan bai faru ba. Yanzu, kakanninmu iya alfahari da mu, kamar yadda a yau ta ikon karshe samu 'yancin kai da kuma amincewa da makwabtanta.