Yadda yawa Rasha tarayya gundumomi, da kuma abin da suka kasance for?

A cikin shekaru ashirin da biyar, kasar mu ta tafi, ta hanyar da yawa daga hargitsi, da tasiri kai tsaye a kan ta kara gaba. Na farkon su - shi ne rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, wanda nufi scrapping dukan tsarin na jama'a gwamnati, bi da samuwar wani sabon kasar - Rasha Federation.

Gudanarwa matsala

Rasha ya kasance wani babbar yankin samuwar, da tasiri management na wanda ya gabatar da wasu matsaloli. A Rasha Empire da aka gudanar saboda da autocratic ikon da sarki, wanda sarrafawa da na'ura na burokrasi har ma da karami tafiyar matakai, shi ne tare da ƙẽtare haddi a sa'an na kasar suna da nasaba a ɓangare na yankin gwamnati garambawul. A karo na farko da aka a zamanin mulkin Petra Velikogo, wanda ya raba da daukacin kasar nan a cikin larduna karkashin jagorancin mulki, da shugabannin yankuna sun kuma lissafi ga takamaiman kolejoji, don haka sarki yana kokarin shigar da uku-mataki tsarin tafiyar da gwamnati. Duk da haka, wasu wurare suna a kan ƙasa na wasu kasashen Turai suna daidaita, don haka shi aka bugu da žari samar da rabo a cikin mafi larduna. A general, yin gyare-gyare ga wasu har streamlined management, da kuma cibiyar samu damar more aiki iko a kan m yankuna. Duk da haka, har yanzu akwai wani bayyanannen karkashi.

tarihi kwarewa

Gyara halin da ake ciki, da Empress aka bi wani sabon garambawul. A 1775, wani hukuncin da aka bayar a kan rabo na Rasha a cikin 51 larduna da, bi da bi, zuwa kashi gundumomi. Jagoranci, kamar yadda kafin nan, shi ne mai mulki, amma kara gagarumin canje-canje da aka yi. Don iko ya shiga cikin post Gwamna-Janar, wanda sõyayya a karkashin umurnin da dama yankunan, duk daga 1775 har zuwa 1917 aka shi an halitta 20 gwamnatin Janar da kuma musamman administrative-yankin naúrar - Caucasus gwamna. Kamar yadda ka gani, da tsarin ne sosai kama Tarayya District, wanda kuma canza akai-akai. Catherine II gwamnati ta yi haka domin a karfafa kulawa na} ananan hukumomi, don sarrafa mataki na gwamnoni da kuma rage alama na mutane ta zanga-zanga da kuma fushi. Lalle ne, yana yiwuwa ya ƙwarai inganta yadda ya dace da administrative-komai haqqinsa na'ura.

A Soviet tsarin of management

A juyin juya halin na 1917 ya kawo game da canje-canje a cikin gwamnatin kasar. A Bolsheviks da farko ya karkata da kuma m yankunan babba iko. Wanne baya ya jagoranci har zuwa kifar da Soviet da iko a wasu yankuna. Farga da kuskure, SNK da sauri ya fara canza dabara da kuma dabarun da management na'urar. A samuwar da Tarayyar Soviet da aka ayyana da tarayya da ka'idodinta kungiyar na jiha, amma a gaskiya duk ikon sarrafawa da jam'iyyar da jami'ai, da kuma idan muka zana wani misalin da Rasha Empire, ya bayyana cewa jigon bai canza ba. Kuma kawai da sunan ya canza. Alal misali, za ka shiga wani daban-daban matakin jam'iyyar sakatarorin maimakon gwamnoni da sauran yankuna ma'aikata da suka goyi bayan wani baƙin ƙarfe horo a kasashen su "kadarori." A mataki na karkashin shugabancin tsakiya a cikin Soviet lokaci, ya kai ta koli da kuma ta matakin da yawa a fi na sarki.

Yadda yawa Rasha tarayya gundumomi?

Rushewar Tarayyar Soviet da kuma m "farati na sovereignties" na Rasha Federation ya sa kusan a kan gab da rarrabuwa. Mutane da yawa sassan jihar gabatar da dokokin, wanda ya a rashin daidaito tare da tarayya, iko da babban birnin kasar yankin ya kusan sifili. A wannan halin da ake ciki, shugaban kasar Rasha V. V. Putin ya yanke shawarar ya rayar da Inter-shiyya management tare da wani fili da kuma m makirci na karkashi. bi da shugaban umurnin "A tarayya gundumomi" a watan Mayu 2000. Kawai 7 raka'a an halitta. Wannan yadda da yawa a Rasha tarayya gundumomi da aka asali. A kan iyakoki da aka kõma da misalin da rabo daga sassan na m Janar. Ya fara gina wata hujja uku-bene tsarin na administrative iko. Number of tarayya gundumomi a Rasha ya canza fiye da sau daya, shi ya aka hade da siyasa da suka faru, da kuma Gwargwadon saukaka. Dokokin tsarin na wadannan canje-canje wakilta mai fadi da kewayon dokokin na tarayya. Alƙawari zuwa ga post na manzon shugaban kasar zuwa Tarayya District samar da wani shugaban kasa.

A dalilai na siyasa ga canje-canje da tsaiko tsarin

Kuma da yawa a Rasha tarayya gundumomi a wannan lokacin, ba da 'yan canji (musamman daga Kudancin Tarayya District an kasaftawa da Arewa-Caucasian Tarayya District)? A watan Maris 2014, a dangane da siyasa aukuwa a Ukraine da kuma raba gardama a cikin Crimea da aka kafa ta da wani tarayya gundumar -Krymsky District. Saboda haka, zamu iya cewa akwai kawai 9 tarayya gundumomi, amsa tambaya game da yadda da yawa Rasha ta tarayya gundumomi. Samar da irin wannan tsarin na gwamnati ya ƙarfafa iko da gwamnatin tarayya a kan yankuna, ba tare da compromising da ka'idodi na asymmetric Tarayya, da Rasha Federation wata hanyar karkashin kundin tsarin mulki. Dokoki tushe na batutuwa na Rasha da aka kawo a cikin full yarda da dokar tarayya. Tarayya District of Rasha a kasar taswirar alama tare da launi daban-daban, don haka ba za ka iya sauri gane inda wani County, da kuma wanda yankuna suke kunshe a wannan administrative naúrar.

Karshe hoto na administrative-yankin naúrar na Rasha Federation

Mun riga aikatã game da adadin DOF kuma yanzu fahimta, abin da tarayya gundumomi a Rasha wanzu. Kuma shi ke yadda ya dubi:

• Jamhuriyar Tarayya District (Moscow).
• Arewa maso Yamma Tarayya District (St. Petersburg).
• Kudancin Tarayya District (Rostov-on-Don).
• Arewa-Caucasian Tarayya District (Pyatigorsk).
• Far Eastern Tarayya District (Khabarovsk).
• Siberian Tarayya District (Novosibirsk).
• Ural FD (Ekaterinburg).
• Volga Tarayya District (Nizhny Novgorod).
• Crimean FD (Simferopol).

Duk wadannan raka'a ne batun da izini wakilin shugaban kasa, wanda, bi da bi, shi ne kai tsaye ƙarƙashin shugaban Rasha. Ya yankunan da gwaninta ya hada da kula da kuma kula da ayyuka, ga wanda naúrar aka halitta, kunsha a daban-daban gundumomi na sãɓãwar launukansa da yawan sassan. A halin yanzu, za mu iya ce cewa gwamnatin tarayya gundumar na Rasha (da abun da ke ciki na wadannan raka'a) dace da ajali bukatun da gwamnatin.