Computer System Architecture: Nau'in da kuma

Modern kwamfuta mafita za a iya classified bisa laákari da aiki ga wani musamman gine. Amma zai iya zama? Menene babban hanyoyin da fahimtar wannan lokaci?

The gine na kwamfuta tsarin a matsayin tarin hardware aka gyara

Mene ne jigon da Kalmar "kwamfuta tsarin gine-gine"? A karkashin dacewa lokaci a farko wuri za a iya gane da totality na lantarki da cewa yin up a PC, tana hada kai a cikin tsarin na wani algorithm amfani da daban-daban na musaya.

Babban aka gyara wanda suke kunshe a cikin kwamfuta tsarin:

• an shigar da na'urar.
• babban kwamfuta guntu.
• na'urorin ga adanar bayanai;
• aka gyara domin fitarwa.

A nuna, kowane daga cikin zaba aka gyara na iya hada wani babban yawan mutum na'urorin. Alal misali, babban kwamfuta guntu iya hada wani processor, chipset a kan motherboard, a graphics aiki naúrar. Kamar wancan ne guda processor iya kunshi sauran gyara, msl, da tsakiya, cache rajista.

Haka kuma, a zahiri, da tsarin da takamaiman hardware aka gyara na da PC, shi ne m abin da gine gina kwamfuta tsarin. Ka yi la'akari da asali sharudda bisa ga abin da wadannan ko wasu sarrafa kwamfuta mafita za a iya classified.

Nau'in kwamfuta tsarin

A daidai da na kowa m tsakanin masana, kwamfuta a kan gine-gine na tsarin iya sun hada da:

• to mainframes.
• wani mini-kwamfuta;
• to sirri kwakwalwa.

Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan rarrabuwa sarrafa kwamfuta mafita, bisa ga abin da za a iya ƙaddara da gine na kwamfuta tsarin, kwararru da yawa dauke da rabu amfani. A musamman, wannan sirri kwamfutar yau za a iya raba wani babban yawan jinsunan, sosai jũna nufi da kuma halaye.

Saboda haka, kamar yadda masu tasowa kwamfuta tsarin, kwamfuta gine za a iya classified amfani da sãɓãwar launukansa sharudda. Duk da haka ambata sunayen makirci aka dauke su gargajiya. Yana da amfani la'akari da shi daki-daki. A cewar ta, na farko irin kwakwalwa - wadanda suke da dangantaka da gine na manyan inji.

mainframe

Mainframe ko mainframes, mafi sau da yawa amfani a cikin masana'antun - kamar yadda data cibiyoyin a cikin daban-daban samarwa tafiyar matakai. Su za a iya shigar da iko, musamman high-yi kwakwalwan kwamfuta.

kwamfuta tsarin gine-gine za a iya dauke su gudanar da wani up zuwa dama dubun biliyoyin lissafin da na biyu. Shin incomparably mafi tsada mainframes sauran tsarin. Matsayin mai mulkin, su goyon baya bukatar sa hannu na wani fairly manyan yawan mutane tare da cancantar da suka wajaba. A lokuta da dama, da aiki ne da za'ayi a cikin rarrabuwa, shirya yadda sha'anin sarrafa kwamfuta cibiyar.

Minicomputer

Architecture of kwamfuta da kuma tsarin kwamfuta networks dangane da su za a iya wakilta yanke shawara classified a matsayin mini-kwakwalwa. A general, su aiki na iya zama kama da cewa a cikin hali na mainframes: sosai na kowa yin amfani da wani dace da irin kwamfuta masana'antu. Amma kamar yadda mai mulkin, suka ayan yi amfani da gwada da kananan harkokin kasuwanci, matsakaici-sized kasuwanci, bincike kungiyoyi.

Modern minicomputers Opportunities

A lokuta da dama, da yin amfani da wadannan kwakwalwa ne da za'ayi daidai domin ya kamata sarrafa kamfanoni tsarin. Saboda haka, batu mafita iya amfani da, musamman, high-yi sabobin. Suna kuma sanye take da iko sosai sarrafawa, irin su, misali, Xeon Gwarzon daga Intel. Wannan guntu iya aiki a wani kudi mafi girma daga 1 teraflops. A dace processor da aka tsara don samar da tsari da fasaha na 22 nm da ƙwaƙwalwar bandwidth a cikin darajar 240GB / c5.

sirri kwamfutar

A gaba irin na kwamfuta gine - da PC. Kila, shi ne ya fi kowa. Inji mai kwakwalwa ba kamar yadda m matsayin mainframes kuma high-yi da micro-kwakwalwa, amma a lokuta da dama suna iya warware matsaloli a cikin filin na masana'antu da kuma kimiyya, ba a ma maganar da hankula mai amfani da ayyuka, kamar ƙaddamar da aikace-aikace da kuma wasanni.

Wani sananne alama cewa characterizes sirri kwamfutar ne cewa su albarkatun za a iya hada. The sarrafa kwamfuta ikon isasshe manyan yawan inji mai kwakwalwa, ta haka, na iya zama m tare da wasan kwaikwayon na kwamfuta fannonin tsarin gine-gine, da hakan cikin aji, amma, ba shakka, to kai su maras matakin via a PC ne sosai matsala.

Duk da haka, da gine na kwamfuta tsarin, PC-tushen networks ne halin da sassauci, cikin sharuddan aiwatar a da dama masana'antu, kasancewa da scalability.

Personal kwakwalwa: rarrabuwa

Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, da PC za a iya kasu da yawa iri. Daga cikin wadanda: kwamfyutocin tebur, kwamfyutocin, Allunan, PDAs, smart phones - hada da PC da kuma wayar.

Matsayin mai mulkin, mafi iko da kuma m tebur fannonin tsarin gine-gine suka mallaka. Kalla m - wayoyin salula na zamani da kuma faranti saboda da kananan size da kuma bukatar significantly rage hardware albarkatu. Amma da yawa daga cikin dacewa na'urorin, musamman high-karshen model na gudun, bisa manufa, m jagorantar model na litattafan rubutunku da kwamfyutocin tebur kasafin kudin.

Award-rarrabuwa na kwamfuta shaidar da versatility: a jinsuna daban, za su iya tinkarar mai amfani da ɗawainiya, masana'antu, kimiyya, dakin gwaje-gwaje. Software gine na dace da irin kwamfuta tsarin, a lokuta da dama saba da yin amfani da talakawa dan kasa wanda ba shi da horo na musamman, wannan mutumin iya da ake bukata, da yin aiki tare da wani mainframe ko minicomputer.

Yadda za a kafa da aiki na mai aiki da na'urar kwamfuta mafita ga PC?

Babban rarrabẽwa ga hada kwamfuta da mafita zuwa PC - gaskiyar na sirri fuskantarwa. Wannan ne da ya dace da irin kwamfuta tsara da farko don kunnawa da guda mai amfani. Duk da haka, da yawa kayayyakin albarkatun to wanda shi yana nufin, suna shakka zamantakewa a yanayi: shi za a iya gani a cikin yin amfani da yanar-gizo. Duk da yake cikin sirri kwamfuta bayani, da m tasiri na ta Harnessing za a iya gyarawa kawai a yanayin saukan wani mutum don samun damar data kafofin generated da sauran mutane.

Nau'in software for kwamfuta fannonin tsarin gine-gine: mainframes da minicomputers

Tare da rarrabuwa na kwakwalwa, mun yi nazari a sama, akwai kuma cikin sharudda ga hada a daya ko wani category na shirye-shirye da aka shigar a kan Game da iri kwakwalwa. Amma ga mainframe da kuma rufe su a kan manufa, da kuma a wasu lokuta, da yi minicomputers, sa'an nan suka ayan da za a gane da yiwuwar hannu na mahara Tsarukan aiki, saba shirya musamman samar da matsaloli. A musamman OS data za a iya kera su gudu da dama aiki, virtualization, gabatarwar masana'antu nagartacce, hadewa da daban-daban na software aikace-aikace amfani.

Nau'in software: PC

Software for gargajiya inji mai kwakwalwa za a iya gabatar a iri, gyara mafita, bi da bi, mai amfani da ɗawainiya, da waɗanda na samar cewa ba sa bukatar matakin na yi cewa characterizes mainframes da minicomputers. Akwai, ta haka ne, a shirin na PC, masana'antu, kimiyya, dakin gwaje-gwaje. Software gine na kwamfuta tsarin da ya dace da irin dogara da masana'antu a wadda ake amfani da, daga ana tsammanin matakin na wasan share fagen shiga na mai amfani: shi ne bayyananne cewa sana'a da mafita ga masana'antu zane bazai dace da wani tare da kawai na asali sanin kwamfuta shirye-shirye.

PC software a wasu jinsin su ne a lokuta da dama an ilhama ke dubawa, daban-daban reference takardun. Bi da bi, da ikon mainframes da mini-kwakwalwa za a iya cikakken amfani, bayar ba kawai su bi umarnin, amma kuma ga yau da kullum da mai amfani da ke sa canje-canje ga tsarin gudanar da aikace-aikace: domin wannan kuma na iya bukatar ƙarin ilimi, misali, hade da yin amfani da harsuna shirye-shirye.

Matsayin PC software gine

A ra'ayi na "gine na kwamfuta tsarin" littafi kimiyya, dangane da ra'ayoyi da marubucin, za a iya fassara a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban. Wani kowa fassarar da dacewa lokaci da shawara ta hulda da software matakan. A lokacin da wannan ba kome ga abin da takamaiman kwamfuta tsarin m matakan da software aiwatar.

A daidai da wannan dabarar, mai kwamfuta gine ya kamata a fahimci sa na daban-daban data iri, yadda ake gudanar, software halaye actuated domin ya kula da aiki na hardware aka gyara na da kwamfuta, da kuma ma ya haifar da yanayi a karkashin abin da mai amfani zai iya yin amfani da wadannan albarkatu a yi.

Architecture software yadudduka

Masana sun gano wadannan asali gine na kwamfuta tsarin a cikin mahallin da tsarin kula da fahimtar ajalin:

• dijital dabaru gine sarrafa kwamfuta mafita - a gaskiya, hardware PC a cikin nau'i na daban-daban kayayyaki, Kwayoyin rajista - msl, located in processor tsarin.
• microarchitecture a fassara daban-daban microprograms.
• gine watsa shirye-shirye na musamman teams - Majalisar matakin.
• gine fassarar da dacewa da dokokin da su aiwatar a software code, bayyananne tsarin aiki.
• tari gine da damar yin canje-canje a cikin shirin lambobin iri-iri na software.
• gine high-matakin harsuna, ba ka damar tela da shirin lambobin don magance takamaiman mai amfani da bukatun.

The darajar rarrabuwa software gine

Hakika, da rarrabuwa a cikin mahallin da wannan lokaci kamar yadda ta dace software matakin, na iya zama sosai sabani. Computer gine da kuma zane na kwamfuta tsarin, dangane da adaptability da makõma, na iya bukatar daban-daban hanyoyin ci gaban da rarrabuwa matakan da software da kuma, a gaskiya, ba su fahimci ainihin na lokaci a tambaya.

Duk da cewa da data misali ka'idar da su da isasshen fahimtar ne na bayar da muhimmanci, tun da shi na taimaka wa ci gaban da ya fi dacewa na ra'ayi hanyoyin gini iri-iri na sarrafa kwamfuta kayayyakin more rayuwa, sa developers to inganta su mafita ga masu amfani da 'buƙatun, don warware takamaiman matsaloli.

summary

Saboda haka, mun ayyana jigon da Kalmar "kwamfuta tsarin gine-gine," da hanyar da shi za a iya dauke, dangane da musamman mahallin. A daidai da daya daga cikin gargajiya ma'anar karkashin daidai hardware tsarin da PC gine za a iya gane, shi predetermines matakin yawan aiki, specialization, cancantar bukatun ga members. Wannan dabarar unshi da rarrabuwa na zamani kwamfuta fannonin tsarin gine-gine a cikin 3 main Categories - mainframes, minicomputers, kuma PC (wanda, bi da bi, kuma za a iya wakilta daban-daban jinsunan sarrafa kwamfuta mafita).

Matsayin mai mulkin, kowane irin wadannan fannonin tsarin gine-gine da aka tsara don warware takamaiman matsaloli. Mainframes da minicomputers sukan yi amfani a masana'antu. Tare da taimakon wani PC shi ne kuma zai yiwu su magance wata fadi da kewayon samar da ayyuka, don gudanar da aikin injiniya - shi ne ma saba m gine na kwamfuta tsarin. Laboratory aiki, kimiyya gwaje-gwajen da dabara zama bayarda da mafi tasiri.

Wani fassarar da ambatacce, a tambaya, yana ba da shawara mai hulda da takamaiman software matakan. A wannan yanayi, da gine na kwamfuta tsarin - aikin shirin, na tabbatar da aiki na PC kazalika don ƙirƙirar yanayi na yin amfani da sarrafa kwamfuta ta ikon a yi domin magance ko wasu mai amfani da ɗawainiya.