Mene ne kwamfuta gine?

Duk suka yanke shawarar su gano da na'urar lantarki kwamfuta, a tabbatar da su zo a fadin wani ajali "kwamfuta gine". Kammala da definition ba za a iya bayar saboda ra'ayi ne ma kowa yana da da daya gan shi daga ra'ayi na ayyuka. Alal misali, a daya faru, a lokacin da ya bayyana musamman da hankali ga software bangaren (umurninSa, rajista, memory), da kuma sauran - da hardware hada da na'urar da aka gyara da kuma su Hanyar na hadin gwiwa. Tun da talakawan kwamfuta mai shi ne mafi sha'awar kaya, ba teams, sa'an nan muka yi la'akari da tambaya daga wannan gefe.

Computer gine ne a hanyar shirya hulda da aka gyara da cewa yin up a kwamfuta. Don rage wuya da fahimtar wani bangare ya bayyana babban halaye na key aka gyara.

All zamani kwakwalwa su ne bisa data aiki ka'idoji, samarwa da Yahaya von Neumann a shekarar 1946. A rarrabe ne cyclic Hanyar yin duk wani tsari a cikin abin da operands da kuma bayanan aka sanya a cikin wannan memory block. Ba zato ba tsammani, wannan ya bayyana dalilin da kwamfuta gine von Neumann (Neumann) da ake amfani a dukkan zamani kwakwalwa. Duk da haka, aka yi ta kokari motsa daga shi na dogon lokaci.

Amma baya ga na'urar da kayyade look daga cikin gine na wani sirri kwamfuta. Ko da yake da yawa kafofin daga tushen sarrafa kwamfuta inji kira a tsakiyar aiki naúrar (CPU), duk da haka, a game da classic kwamfuta tsarin, wannan shi ne debatable.

Babban kashi cewa a kaikaice ka damar saka da kwamfuta gine amfani da wani motherboard. Yana diluted sadarwa line (bas) tsakanin duk aka gyara, wanda suna da alaka da motherboard (da juna) ta hanyar haši da kuma tashoshin jiragen ruwa. Babu duniya motherboard, tun kowane daga cikinsu da aka tsara don aiki tare da wata rijiya-tsare aji na sarrafawa.

A CPU - sarrafa zuciyar dukan kwamfuta. Yana dauke da manyan guntu tare da biliyoyin transistors a kafa da aikin tubalan. Duk wani Gudun a kan kisan da shirin ba tare da mai amfani yana tuba (fassara) a cikin na'ura code da kuma kashe shi a kan CPU. Computer gine da aka fi mayar da m da irin CPU.

Interface bas, kamar yadda aka ambata a riga, a zahirance wakilta sadarwa Lines. A daidai da siginar watsa shugabanci na hulda samar da:

• CPU da RAM kayayyaki.
• tsakanin tashoshin jiragen ruwa da alaka waje na'urorin da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar. Akwai inji cewa damar bangaren sassa aiki tare da wani tsarin memory via na musamman mai kula, bypassing da tsakiyar aiki naúrar.
• tsakanin tashoshin jiragen ruwa na motherboard da CPU.

RAM ne wani muhimmanci na wani sarrafa kwamfuta na'urar, ko da wani sauki kalkuleta. The kwamfuta memory transistors aiwatar a kwakwalwan kwamfuta soldered ga PCB sashi da yawan zamiya lambobi da tagulla. Kowane tsiri aka saka a cikin dace motherboard haši. CPU aji ma'anar da wani ƙarni goyon memory kayayyaki. Alal misali, idan Intel Core2Duo processor da aka tsara don aiki tare da DDR2 memory, da m Core shafi yin amfani da kawai DDR3.

Baya daga aiki, akwai wani fundamentally daban-daban irin memory. Ya aka wakilta, na farko, a halin maganaɗisu faifai na'urar (HDD).

Bugu da kari ga ciki aka gyara, akwai babban adadin waje na'urorin. Kawai godiya ga su ne yiwu ga samar da mutum-inji hulda. Alal misali, a duba, a linzamin kwamfuta, keyboard, tabawa, kazalika da na'urar daukar hotan takardu, printer, da dai sauransu. - duk waje na'urorin, tare da abin da kwamfuta zai zauna sauki karfe akwatin, wani abu ne a kanta.

Wannan takarda na samar da kawai wani bayyani na kwamfuta gine. More cikakken bayani a kan gyara za a iya samu a yanar-gizo.