Amino acid: jerin, da dabara bayani dalla-dalla. Rawar da amino acid a cikin jiki. Wanne abinci dauke da amino acid?

Kowa ya san wani daga sunadarai darussa da cewa amino acid ne "gini tubalan" to gina sunadaran. Akwai amino acid da cewa jikin mu ne iya haduwa, amma akwai wadanda cewa zo ne kawai daga waje, tare da gina jiki. Ka yi la'akari da amino acid (jerin), rawar da suka taka a cikin jiki, daga abin da kayayyakin da suka zo mana.

Rawar da amino acid

Our Kwayoyin kullum da bukata ga amino acid. abinci da sunadarai suna karye a cikin Gut a cikin amino acid. Bayan haka, amino acid ana tunawa a cikin jini rafi, inda sunadarai na hada sabon, dangane da kwayoyin shirin da bukatun na jiki. Da muhimmanci amino acid, jerin wanda aka bai kasa, muka samu daga abinci. M jiki synthesizes da kansa. Bayan da cewa amino acid - ne tsarin da aka gyara na da sunadarai, sun kuma haduwa daban-daban abubuwa. amino acid rawa a cikin jiki ne babbar. Proteinogenic da nonproteinogenic amino acid - a precursor na nitrogenous kwasfanta, bitamin, hormones, peptides, alkaloids, romediatorov da kuma wasu masu muhimmanci mahadi. Alal misali, bitamin PP aka hada daga tryptophan. hormones norepinephrine, thyroxine, adrenaline - daga tyrosine. Pantothenic acid da aka kafa daga amino acid valine. Proline ne tsaron Kwayoyin daga da dama gajiyan, msl hadawan abu da iskar shaka.

Janar halaye na amino acid

Nitrogen-dauke da high kwayoyin nauyi sunadarai, kira a matsayin gudanar da mahadi da aka generated daga amino acid sharan tare ne da peptide bond. Daban ne polymers, monomers wanda su ne amino acid. A tsarin da furotin hada da dubban daruruwan amino acid sharan shiga ta peptide bond. List of amino acid da aka samu a cikin yanayi, shi ne babban isa, sai suka tarar game da ɗari uku. By ta shigarwa damar da furotin da amino acid ya kasu kashi proteinogenic ( "furotin ba haihuwa" na kalmomin "gina jiki" - mai gina jiki "Farawa" - haihu) da kuma nonproteinogenic. A vivo, yawan proteinogenic amino acid gwada da kananan, akwai kawai ashirin. Bugu da kari a wadannan misali ashirin, za a iya samu a cikin sunadaran amino acid modified, su aka samu daga kowa amino acid. Ga wadanda ba proteinogenic, sũ ne waɗanda suke ba wani ɓangare na gina jiki. Akwai α, β da γ. All gina jiki amino acid - An α-amino acid, suna da halayyar tsarin fasalin cewa za a iya lura a kan image gabatar a kasa: gaban Amine kuma carboxyl kungiyoyin, suna bonded a α-matsayin carbon zarra. Bugu da kari, kowane yana ta amino m, tare da duk m, a tsarin, da kuma solubility na wutar lantarki.

daban na amino acid

amino acid jerin ne zuwa kashi uku main iri, wadannan sun hada da:

• Essential amino acid. Yana da wadannan amino acid din da jiki ba zai iya haduwa da kanta a isa yawa.

• muhimmanci amino acid. Wannan irin jiki iya haduwa nasu, ta amfani da sauran kafofin.

• yanaye muhimmanci amino acid. Jikin synthesizes nasu, amma a kasa yawa ga bukatun su.

Muhimmanci amino acid. Abun ciki a cikin abinci

Muhimmanci amino acid suna da ikon samun jiki kawai daga abinci ko daga kari. Su ayyuka ne ba makawa a cikin samuwar lafiya gidajen abinci, kyakkyawan gashi, karfi tsokoki. Abin da abinci dauke da amino acid na da irin wannan? Jerin da aka ba da ke ƙasa:

• Phenylalanine - kiwo kayayyakin, nama, alkama jam, hatsi.

• threonine - kiwo kayayyakin, qwai, nama.

• Lysine - legumes da kifi da kaji, alkama jam, kiwo kayayyakin, gujiya.

• Valine - hatsi, namomin kaza, kiwo kayayyakin, nama.

• Methionine - kirki ba, kayan lambu, legumes, ramammu nama, gida cuku.

• tryptophan - kwayoyi, kiwo kayayyakin, nama, turkey, sunflower tsaba, qwai.

• Leucine - kiwo kayayyakin, nama, hatsi, alkama jam;

• isoleucine - kaji, cuku, kifi, alkama ɗigon maniyyi, sunflower tsaba, kwayoyi.

• histidine - toho alkama, kiwo da samfurori da kuma nama.

Ayyuka na da muhimmanci amino acid

Duk wadannan "tubalin" ne alhakin cikin muhimman ayyukan da jikin mutum. The mutum ba ya tunani game da adadin su ba, amma su rashin duk tsarin a lokaci daya fara deteriorate.

Leucine sinadaran yana da wadannan dabara - HO₂CCH (NH₂) CH₂CH (CH₃ ) ₂. A cikin mutane, wannan amino acid da aka ba hada. Yana kunshe a halitta sunadaran. Amfani da magani na anemia, hanta cututtuka. Leucine (dabara - HO₂CCH (NH₂) CH₂CH (CH₃) ₂) zuwa ga gabar wani yini ake bukata a cikin wani adadin daga 4 zuwa 6 grams. Wannan amino acid ne a bangaren dama abin da ake ci kari. A matsayin abin da ake ci kari shi ne masu lamba E641 (dandano enhancer). Leucine na sa ido da matakin na jini glucose da kuma leukocytes, a lokacin da ta haɗa da inganta rigakafi don kawar da kumburi. Wannan amino acid taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin samuwar tsoka, tattara abubuwa masu kyau kasũsuwa, ashe, rauni warkar, kazalika a metabolism.

A amino acid histidine - wani muhimmin kashi cikin girma lokaci, yayin da murmurewa daga raunin da ya faru da kuma rashin lafiya. Inganta jini, gidajen abinci aiki. Ya taimaka wajen sha tagulla da kuma tutiya. Tare da kasawa da histidine raunana ji, inflamed tsoka kyallen takarda.

A amino acid isoleucine halarci vvyrabotke haemoglobin. Yana qara halin iya jurewa, makamashi, iko da matakin na sukari a cikin jini. Da hannu a cikin samuwar tsoka nama. Isoleucine rage effects na danniya da dalilai. Tare da rashin bayyana ji na tashin hankali, da tsoro, tashin hankali, ta ƙara gajiya.

A amino acid valine - wani kwantantuwa tushen samar da makamashi, Sabonta tsokoki, da rike su a cikin mai kyau siffar. Valine da muhimmanci a mayar da hanta sel (msl, hepatitis). Tare da kasawa da wannan amino acid gaji da damuwa da daidaituwa na ƙungiyoyi, kuma ma iya kara fata ta ji na ƙwarai.

Methionine - wani muhimmanci amino acid da hanta, da narkewa kamar tsarin. Ya ƙunshi sulfur, wanda taimaka wajen hana cutar da kusoshi da fata, taimaka a gashi girma. Methionine ne fafitikar da toxemia a mata masu juna biyu. Tare da kasawa a cikin jikin rage-rage haemoglobin, hanta Kwayoyin tara mai.

Lysine - Wannan amino acid ne da wani mataimaki a cikin sha na alli, yana taimaka a cikin samuwar da tabbatarwa daga ƙasũsuwa. Inganta gashi tsarin, shi samar da collagen. Lysine - wani anabolic, wanda damar zuwa kara tsoka taro. Da hannu a cikin rigakafin kwayar cututtuka.

Threonine - boosts rigakafi, da inganta aiki na gastrointestinal fili. Halarci a cikin halittar Collagen da Elastin. Ba saka kitse a hanta. Yana taka wata rawa a cikin samuwar hakori enamel.

Tryptophan shi ne babban wanda ake kira don mu motsin zuciyarmu. The saba serotonin, da farin ciki hormone da aka samar ne tryptophan. Idan kullum yakan yanayi, al'ada barci, murmurewa biorhythms. A amfani tasiri a kan zuciya da kuma jijiyoyi.

Phenylalanine da hannu a cikin matakai na samar da noradrenaline, wanda shi ne alhakin wakefulness kwayoyin aiki da kuma samar da makamashi. Kuma rinjayar da matakin na endorphins - hormones na farin ciki. Rashi na phenylalanine iya sa wani ci gaban na ciki.

Nonessential amino acid. kayayyakin

Wadannan iri amino acid ake samar a cikin jiki a lokacin metabolism. Suna cirewa daga wasu kwayoyin abubuwa. Da kwayoyin za a iya sauya ta atomatik don ƙirƙirar da zama dole amino acid. Wanne abinci dauke da amino acid nonessential? Jerin da aka ba da ke ƙasa:

• Arginine - hatsi, kwayoyi, masara, nama, gelatin, madara kayayyakin, sesame, cakulan.

• Alanine - abincin teku, kwai fata, nama, soya, legumes, kwayoyi, masara, launin ruwan kasa shinkafa.

• asparagine - kifi, qwai, abincin teku, nama, bishiyar asparagus, tumatir, kwayoyi.

• glycine - hanta, da naman sa, gelatin, madara kayayyakin, kifi, qwai.

• Proline - da 'ya'yan itace juices, kiwo kayayyakin, da alkama, da nama, qwai.

• Taurine - kiwo, kifi sunadarai. samar a cikin jiki na bitamin B6.

• Glutamine - kifi, nama, legumes, kiwo kayayyakin.

• serine - soya, da alkama Alkama, nama, kiwo kayayyakin, gujiya.

• carnitine - nama da nama kayayyakin, kiwo, kifi, ja nama.

Ayyuka na da muhimmanci amino acid

Glutamic acid, da sinadaran dabara wanda - C₅H₉N₁O₄, a rayayyun kwayoyin halitta ne kunshe a cikin abun da ke ciki na sunadarai, akwai wasu low-kwayoyin abubuwa, kazalika a takaice form. A muhimmiyar rawa ne su shiga a nitrogen metabolism. Shi ne ke da alhakin aiki da kwakwalwa. Glutamic acid (C₅H₉N₁O₄ dabara) ya wuce a cikin glucose da kuma taimaka samar da makamashi a lokacin nauyi amfani. Glutamine taka muhimmiyar rawa a inganta tsarin na rigakafi, ya mayar tsoka girma hormones halittawa ne, accelerates metabolism.

Alanine - manyan tushen samar da makamashi ga juyayi tsarin, tsoka da kuma kwakwalwa. Samar da antibodies alanine Qarfafa na rigakafi da tsarin, kamar yadda aka hannu a cikin metabolism na Organic acid da kuma sugars a cikin hanta ne tuba zuwa cikin glucose. Saboda alanine kula da acid-alkaline balance.

Asparagine nufin da muhimmanci amino acid, da aiki - a high lodi don rage samuwar ammonia. Ya taimaka yãƙi gajiya, sabobin tuba carbohydrates zuwa makamashi tsokoki. Yana stimulates da na rigakafi da tsarin ta hanyar samar da antibodies da immunoglobulins. Aspartic acid daidaita aiwatar faruwa a tsakiya m tsarin, shi ya hana wuce kima deceleration da kuma wuce kima ruri.

Glycine - amino acid, samar da oxygen cell samuwar tafiyar matakai. Glycine yana da muhimmanci ga daidaita jini sugar matakan, jini. An zabi a rugujewar fats a hormone samar, alhakin da rigakafi da tsarin.

Carnitine - muhimmanci kai wakili cewa transports m acid a cikin mitochondrial matrix. Carnitine ne iya kara tasiri na antioxidants oxidize fats, yana taimaka wajen kawar da su daga jiki.

Ornithine ne a manufacturer na ci gaba hormones. Wannan amino acid ne da muhimmanci ga tsarin na rigakafi da kuma hanta ne da hannu a cikin ci gaban da insulin, da tsakiyan nonon na wani m acid, a fitsari samuwar tafiyar matakai.

Proline - An hannu a samar da collagen, wanda ake bukata domin connective nama da ƙashi. Yana goyon bayan da kuma karfafa zuciya tsoka.

Serin - salula makamashi m. Ya taimaka wajen kantin sayar da tsokoki da kuma hanta glycogen. An zabi a karfafa tsarin na rigakafi, yayin da tabbatar da cewa ta antibodies. Yana stimulates m tsarin da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar.

Taurine yana da kyau sakamako a kan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin. Yana ba ka damar sarrafa farfadiya seizures. Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin iko da tsufa. Rage gajiya, taimaka jiki da free radicals, lowers cholesterol, da jini.

Uslovnonezamenimye amino acid

Cysteine taimaka wa kawar da guba abubuwa, ke taka rawa a kafa tsoka da nama da kuma fata. Cysteine ne na halitta antioxidant da cewa na wanke jiki daga sinadaran da gubobi. Stimulates farin jini Kwayoyin. Samu a abinci, irin su nama, kifi, hatsi, alkama, soya.

A amino acid tyrosine taimaka yãƙi danniya da kuma gajiya, rage tashin hankali, da inganta yanayi da kuma sauran sautin. Tyrosine yana antioxidant mataki wanda damar su ɗaure free radicals. Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin metabolism. Samu a nama da kiwo kayayyakin, kifi.

Histidine taimaka regenerate kyallen takarda, na inganta su girma. Dauke haemoglobin. Ya taimaka a lura da allergies, amosanin gabbai, anemia da kuma ulcers. A rashi na wannan amino acid zai iya raunana ji.

Amino acid da kuma gina jiki

All sunadaran aka halitta ta amfani da amino acid daga cikin peptide bond. Sunadaran da kansu, ko sunadarai - a high kwayoyin nauyi mahadi, wanda aka hada da nitrogen. A ra'ayi na "furotin" An farko da ya gabatar da baya a 1838 ta Berzelius. Maganar zo daga kalmar Helenanci "primary", shi ne manyan wuri a cikin yanayin da sunadarai. Sunadaran rãyar da dukan abubuwa masu rai a duniya, daga kwayoyin zuwa hadaddun adam kwayoyin. A yanayi, suna da yawa fiye da duk sauran macromolecules. Protein - kafuwar rayuwa. Na jiki nauyi da sunadarai asusu na 20%, kuma idan muka dauki bushe cell mass, 50%. A manyan yawan sunadaran saboda kasancewar daban-daban amino acid. Su, bi da bi, azama da kuma haifar da da polymer kwayoyin. A mafi fice a fasalin sunadarai ne su ikon haifar da nasu uku-girma tsarin. A sunadarai abun da ke ciki na gina jiki da ya ƙunshi nitrogen kullum - game da 16%. Ci gaba da kuma ci gaban da kwayoyin ne duka-duka da dogara a kan furotin amino acid ayyuka. Sunadaran ba za a iya maye gurbinsu da wasu abubuwa. Rawar da suka taka a cikin jiki ne mai muhimmanci sosai.

The ayyuka na sunadaran

Da bukatar gaban sunadaran da aka bayyana a cikin wadannan m ayyuka na wadannan mahadi:

• Protein taka wata muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban da girma, kamar yadda wani gini abu don sabon Kwayoyin.

• Protein controls metabolism matakai a lokacin da saki da makamashi. Alal misali, idan abinci kunshi carbohydrates, da rayuwa kudi ne ta ƙara zuwa 4%, na sunadaran da idan - sa'an nan 30%.

• Saboda da hydrophilicity sunadarai tsara ruwa balance a cikin jiki.

• Inganta tsarin na rigakafi da kira na antibodies, kuma sũ, a bi da bi, ya kawar da barazana da cutar da kuma kamuwa da cuta.

The gina jiki a cikin jiki - shi ne mafi muhimmanci tushen samar da makamashi da kuma gini abu. Yana da muhimmanci sosai ga bi menu kuma kullum amfani kayayyakin da gina jiki, za su ba da zama dole lamarinsa, ƙarfi da kariya. Duk na sama kayayyakin dauke a cikin abun da ke ciki gina jiki.