Caryatid - wani gine-gine da rabi, wanda shi ne m, a wani salon

Caryatid - shi ne sunan da gine-gine da ginshiƙai, wanda ya ɗauki siffar mace adadi. Mafi shahara misali za a iya samu a kudu shirayin Haikalin Erechtheion a cikin Acropolis a Athens.

tsoho Legends

A Hellenistic al'ada "caryatid" - budurwa na Caria, sanannen haikali Peloponnese. Brown ya sadaukar da aljanna Atamis. Kamar yadda Caryatids, ta yi farin ciki, suna rawa daga cikin irin goro itatuwa a birnin Caria. A wannan lokacin, da Virgin a wani ecstatic dance dauki a kan kãwunansu kwanduna freshly yanke kyauro. Sun bayyana ne da shuke-shuke rawa.

Roman m Vitruvius sa ran caryatid - bawa. Vitruvius ga yadda suke amfani da ginshiƙai a cikin ionic gine. Amma da caryatid - shi ya samo asali Persian shafi. A Farisa, ko da yake, an yi amfani da su goyi bayan dabba gine-gine.

Erechtheion

The shida fi shahara caryatids goyon bayan rufin kudu shirayin Erechtheion ƙarya a kan da Athenian Acropolis. Wannan ginin da aka gina ta Pericles mai yiwuwa tsakanin 421-406 shekaru BC. e. masauki tsoho katako addini sassaka Athens. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin cibiyar ibada na Erechtheus (mythical Sarkin Athens), da 'yan'uwansa, ciki har da Poseidon. Wadannan caryatids tufafi ne rigar da irin da kuma itace ga jikinsu. A tanadi na da kafafu da kuma cinyoyinsa ne m da kuma tsauri. Uku daga cikinsu suna jingina jiki a kan ƙafar damansa, da kuma sauran - a kan hagu. Hairstyles ma suna da muhimmanci. Su ne nauyi da kuma ƙato, tsara don bunkasa mafi m wuri - wuyansa guda, wanda saukad da wani babban kaya. Hands sculptures, da rashin alheri, an rasa. By tsira Roman kofe za a iya gani cewa hannun dama da aka rike da kananan tasoshin ga libations, da kuma hagu goyon kuma dan kadan tãyar da su da tufafi. An zaci cẽwa sũ, an yanke a daban-daban sculptors bitar Alcamo, wani almajiri na Phidias. Sha'awa, wannan shi ne shirayin tsaye a kan kabarin yanci sarki Cecrops. A yi na caryatids, iya kasance wani haraji ga tunawa da shi. Yanzu da matakai ne da kofe. Biyar na asali caryatids ne a cikin Acropolis Museum, inda suka za a iya kyan gani, daga kõwane, kuma ta shida - dakin tarihi na Birtaniya a London. Rungumar tafiya ta tarihi, za mu iya cewa caryatid - ado kashi a cikin gine ginshikan, wanda na iya samun hali aiki.

Renaissance da kuma bayan

A wannan lokaci ne suka fara amfani da a ciki a gina fireplaces. A Baroque lokacin da suka bayyana a Scotland a matsayin overmantel a cikin babban zauren na castle Mitchells. A cikin marigayi Jamus Baroque caryatids dake a cikin castle Sanssouci Frederick girma a cikin Schloss. Statue ado mata ma ya fara da za a yi amfani da matsayin kafafu don Tables, shelves da kuma candlesticks.

Empire style ya juya, ya da hankali ga ado kashi. da artist tunanin ci gaba da zauna da ra'ayin wani kyakkyawan mace wanda yana da wani sa na sama.

A 1881, Ogyust Roden sculpted dutse auku a karkashin nauyi adadi caryatids. Ya kawai ga wani nauyi ga wata yarinya, wadda har yanzu kokarin samun up.

Male takwaransa caryatids

Ya na da sunaye biyu: Telamon da Atlanta. The sunan farko, ainihin sunan, ma'ana "support" ko "support". A da yanci dan Aeacus da Aeneid. Shi ne sarki na Salamis. Wannan dan wasa yana zaune a oars lokacin da Argonauts bi ulun kuwa, ya halarci Calydonian nemi daji boar, aka musguna unguwa, wanda ya lashe Theseus.

Atlant guda - yana da girma Titan, wanda yake riƙe a hannunsa, ya vault na sama. Shin m idan irin wannan nauyi ga shi? Duk yadda shi ya yi nauyi, ƙarfin hali kuma hakuri ya bar shi ya ci gaba da ita. A Girkanci mythology, shi aka juya zuwa cikin dutse, ko dutse.

guda biyu sassaka

Atlanta, kuma caryatids ƙawata facades na gine-gine, support balconies, cika wani ado aiki. Musamman mai kyau ne Atlanteans goyon bayan portico na New hermitage a St. Petersburg. Da farko, bisa ga m L. Klenze, dole ne ya ci gaba da caryatids. Amma wannan aikin da aka ƙi, kuma shekaru takwas daga baya, a 1848, {ungiyar AI, Terebenev halitta goma sculptures na FC duhu dutse mined a tawa a kan Lake Ladoga. Su tsaya a kan wani pedestal sanya na Karelian m-grained dutse. Aiki a kan sculptures ya yi shekara biyu. Sculptor primary aiki na dutse daukan game da ɗari da hamsin magina. A ƙãre aiki ya sa duniya sha'awa. Atlanta, kuma caryatids ne halayyar da na gargajiya style. Common bambanci shi ne, Atlanteans goyi bayan entablature hannuwansu da caryatids tanã auke da shi a kai. Bayyana manufar "entablature".

Architecture: Abubuwa na gine-gine

Faransa kalmar "entablature" na nufin rufi sanya na bim. Ya kunshi architrave, frieze da cornice. A gine-gine, da architrave yana da biyu ma'ana:

• wani crossbeam, wanda aka sanya a tsakanin ginshikan takware ko windows, shi ne a saman.
• A wannan katako, wanda aka aza a kan manya da ginshikan, ado da daban-daban umarni, watau canonical Figures.

Modern amfani da caryatids

Helenawa da aka yi wahayi zuwa ga haifar da caryatids 'yan mata daga Kariya. Ado a cikin tufafi, su sculptures kiyaye ginin. Wannan hadisin ya ci gaba. Amma sau da yawa a cikin na tsaye a matakin na karni gine-gine, maimakon marmara, ko ta dutse amfani kankare steklokompozit. Indoors amfani da itace, ko plaster.

A wannan rana, da kuma Atlanteans da caryatids a bukatar a zamani gine. Eclecticism, Art Nouveau, Neo-Renaissance - su ne yiwu a ko'ina. A ikon yinsa na style ba shakka. A ra'ayin na artist, wanda yayi amfani da su, ba rufaffiyar, da kuma fa, tã yi wahayi zuwa daga hadisin na faruwa ta hanyar Millennium.