Bulgakov ta mutuwa mask, a cikin hanyar mutuwarsa

Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi yadu karanta, tattauna, kuma ya tuna min da XX karni. Aikinsa, na sirri rayuwa har ma da mutuwa suna complemented asirai da Legends, kuma da labari "The Master kuma Margarita" rubuta sunan ta mahaliccin a zinariya haruffa a tarihin Rasha da kuma duniya wallafe-wallafe. Amma asirin ne ko da yaushe ya wajaba ya mutum, da kuma tambaya: "Me Bulgakov sanya wani mutuwa mask?" Kuma aka ba da cikakken bayyana.

Da wuya hanya

Yanzu sunan Bulgakov na lebe, amma akwai wani lokaci, a lokacin da ayyukansa da aka ba da aka buga, kuma ya kasance a karkashin kusa kula da hukumomi da kuma frantic magoya bayan jam'iyyarsa. Wannan shi ne duka m da kuma damuwa ga wani marubuci, bayan duk da kullum tabbata a tsare don haka kamar yadda ba ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa yãsassar magana da kuma siffantawa. Bulgakov ta rayuwa ya ba ta kasance mai sauki - ba a lokacin aiki likita ko kamar yadda marubucin kwaikwaiyo ba, kuma ba a matsayin mawallafi. Amma na karshe bugu - Bulgakov ta posthumous mask - da shawara cewa high jama'a, da kuma bisa dukan ikon, ya yaba da basira.

Personal rai

Bulgakov aka haife May 3, 1891, a babban iyali. Ya kasance mafi tsufa yaro, ban da shi, da iyaye da 'yan'uwa biyu da hudu da' yan'uwanku mãtã. Lokacin da yake da bakwai, mahaifinsa ya zo saukar da nephrosclerosis kuma ya mutu.

Sakandare ilimi samu a cikin mafi kyau Michael Kiev Gymnasium, amma musamman da aka ba m. Wannan bai hana saurayi shiga Medical Faculty na mallaka University. Kamar a wancan lokacin yaki na 1914-1918., Kuma ilimi ya faru a cikin soja filin. A lokaci guda, ya sadu da nan gaba matarsa, Tatyanoy Lappoy, wani goma sha biyar-shekara yarinya na alkawarin. Suka ba sa kashe kome a cikin kabad, da kuma lokacin da Bulgakov wani Keio, aka yi aure.

A yakin duniya na farko

Wannan tarihi taron ya sanya ba sãɓãni kawai sabõda cikin daukar rai na matasa biyu. Sun yi duk abin da tare. Tatiana ya tafi tare da mijinta a kan gaba-line asibitoci, shirya da kasawa da abubuwa da ba da taimako ga wadanda aka ci zarafinsu, rayayye halarci aikin a matsayin nas da wani mataimaki. Bulgakov samu wani likita digiri, kasancewa a gaban. A watan Maris 1916, a nan gaba marubuci aka janye zuwa ga raya, kuma an firam a Smolensk lardin, sarrafa likita cibiyoyin. Akwai, tun da hukuma likita yi. A da shi ba za ka iya karanta a cikin labarun da "Notes na matasa likita" da "Morphine".

addiction

A lokacin rani na 1917, yin tracheotomy yaro rashin lafiya tare da diphtheria, Mr Mikhail tsammaci zai iya kama, da kuma yadda wani m mataki wajabta morphine kanta don ya taimaka wa itching da kuma zafi. Sanin cewa da miyagun ƙwayoyi ne sosai jaraba, ya ci gaba da shan shi da kuma ƙarshe juya a cikin wani m your "haƙuri". Matarsa Tatiana Lappa ba sa up tare da wannan Jihar harkokin kuma, tare da I. P. Voskresenskim iya rabu da mu da marubuci na wannan al'ada. Amma daga likita aiki ya kan matsayin morphinism dauke da wani m cutar. Daga baya, da ciwon shawo kan al'ada, ya ya iya fara mai zaman kansa yi. Wannan ya af, a Kiev da makiyayarta akwai faɗa, ikon ne kullum canja, da kuma bukatar horar da kiwon lafiya. Wannan lokaci da aka nuna a cikin "White Guard" labari. Akwai bayyana ba kawai almara, haruffa, amma kuma 'yan iyalinsa:' yar'uwa, suruki.

arewa Caucasus

Winter 1919 Bulgakov sake shiri domin soja sabis da kuma yadda za a mai da Vladikavkaz. Akwai ya magance, haddasa matarsa wani sakon waya, da kuma ci gaba da za a bi. Hannu a ayyukan soji, yana taimaka mutanen dake wurin, ya rubuta labaru. M ya bayyana "kasada", na zaune a cikin wani sabon abu saitin. A 1920, tare da magani da shi ya kan har abada. Kuma akwai wani sabon milestone na rayuwa - jarida da ake kira qananan nau'o'i (labaru, litattafan), wanda aka buga a cikin gida jaridu na Arewa Caucasus. Bulgakov so daraja, amma matarsa ba su yanka masa bukatun. Sai suka fara wani juna hutu. Amma lokacin da wani marubuci zama lafiya tare da typhus, matar renonsa dare da rana, a zaune kusa da gado. Bayan ya dawo, ya yi don amfani da su cikin sabon tsari, kamar yadda Vladikavkaz zo zuwa Soviet iko.

wuya lokaci

A twenties na karshe karni sun ga iyali Bulgakovs wuya. Mun ya sami wannan rai a naci kullum aiki. Wannan shi ne sosai m marubuci, bai ba shi numfashi sauki. A wannan lokacin ne ya fara rubuta "ciniki" wallafe-wallafe, yafi taka shi ne ya ƙaunace kuma dauke da bai dāce da za a kira art. Daga baya, ya yi umurni da su duka su ƙone.

Soviet ikon ƙara haramta shi tsarin mulki, da aka soki ba kawai samfurin, amma kuma riqo na wuccin disjointed phrases da cewa tattara detractors. Babu shakka, a irin wannan yanayi, shi ya zama da wuya ga rayuwa, da kuma biyu suka tafi farko a Batum, sa'an nan a Moscow.

Moscow rai

Image Bulgakov yawa hade tare da haruffa guda ayyuka da cewa baya tabbatar da cewa rayuwa da kanta. Maye gurbin da dama Apartments, ma'auratan zauna a cikin gidan a ul. Bolshaya Sadovaya 10, Apartment lambar 50, immortalized a cikin shahararrun labari da marubucin "The Master kuma Margarita." Tun lokacin da ya fara aiki a sake matsaloli a cikin Stores kayayyakin bayar da katunan, da kuma samun wadannan cinkin guda na takarda sun kasance da wuya matuƙa.

Fabrairu 1, 1922 mutu mahaifiyarta Bulgakov. Wannan taron ya zama wani mummunan koma baya ne ga shi, musamman m ga wani marubuci cewa ko da zuwa jana'iza, ya na da damar ba. Bayan shekaru biyu, akwai wani karshe hutu tare da Lappi. By lokacin aurensu a Bulgakov shi ya kasance mai guguwa romance tare Love Belozerskaya, wanda ya zama matarsa ta biyu. Ta kasance mai dancer, daga high jama'a mace. Irin wannan Bulgakov mafarkin na marubuci matar, amma da aure ne short-rayu.

Perechistenskoe lokaci

Akwai zo a lokacin da blossoming aiki Bulgakov a matsayin marubuci da kuma marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo. Ya kwaikwaiyo da aka aiwatar, da masu sauraro ya gana da su da idon, rayuwa da ake samun mafi alhẽri. Amma a lokaci guda, da marubuci daukan wani amfani a cikin NKVD da kuma kokarin ɗora wa laifi shi reni ga halin yanzu gwamnati, ko muni. Kamar yadda na cornucopia zuba bans: da wasanni, da jaridu, a kan jama'a magana. Sa'an nan kuma ya zo da wata rashin kudi. A 1926, marubucin ko da ya kira a ga tambayar. Afrilu 18 a wannan shekara, sanannen wayar tarho tare da Stalin, wanda sake canza Bulgakov ta rayuwa ga mafi alhẽri. Sai da na ɗauki darektan da Moscow Art Theater.

Nuremberg-Shilovskaya-Bulgakov

Yana yana can, a Moscow Art gidan wasan kwaikwayo, da marubuci ya sadu da uku matarsa, Elena Sergeevna. A farko da suka kasance kamar abokai, amma sai na lura cewa, ba su iya rayuwa ba tare da juna, da kuma yanke shawarar ba azabtar da kowa. Very tsawo da kuma m ya Shilovskaya hutu da ta farko da miji. Ta ya'ya biyu wanda aka raba tsakanin maza, kuma nan da nan bayan Belozerskaya Bulgakov ya ba da saki, aure masoya. Wannan mace mai real goyon baya da kuma goyon bayan ga shi a cikin mafi wuya shekaru ransa. Duk da yake aiki a cikin shahararrun labari a lokacin da cuta.

"The Master kuma Margarita" da kuma karshe shekaru

Aikin a tsakiyar labari cikakken kama da marubuci, ya ba ta mai yawa da hankali da kuma kokarin. A 1928, kawai da ra'ayin na littafin ya bayyana a cikin 1930, aka saki wani daftarin da wanda ya tafi a hanyar wani gagarumin canji dole a tabbatar da cewa ya ga hasken da rubutu cewa dukan mu muna tuna, tabbas da zuciya. Wasu daga cikin shafukan da aka kofe da dama, sau, da kuma na karshe shekaru na rayuwar Bulgakov kasance aiki tace na shirya wani ɓaɓɓake, kuma nadiktovyvaniem "gama" version Elena Sergeevna.

Amma dramaturgical aiki ne ba rago a karshe shekaru Bulgakov. Ya ya sanya play dogara ne a kan ayyukan da aka fi so marubuta - litattafan Gogol da Pushkin, ya rubuta cewa, "a kan tebur". Alexander shi ne kawai mawãƙi ne da yake kaunar da marubuci. Kuma daya daga cikin wadanda Figures daga wanda aka cire mutuwar mask. Bulgakov ziyarci ra'ayin Theatrical ayyukan game da Stalin, amma sakatare janar thwarted wadannan yunkurin.

A kan gab da mutuwa

Satumba 10, 1939 da marubuci ba zato ba tsammani rasa hangen nesa. Bulgakov (cikin hanyar mahaifinsa mutuwa - nephrosclerosis) ya ce duk da bayyanar cututtuka da wannan rashin lafiya da kuma zo ga ƙarshe cewa ya yi wannan cuta. Godiya ga kokarin da matarsa da sanatorium magani sclerosis cututtuka ja da baya. Yana ko da ba ka damar komawa zuwa watsi da aikin, amma ba ga tsawo.

Kwanan wata na mutuwa Bulgakov - Maris 10, 1940, ashirin da biyar a rana. Ya tafi wata duniyar, stoically fama da zafi da wahala. Barin wani m m al'adunmu. Asirin mutuwa na Mikhail Bulgakov kuma ya ba sirrin a duk: rikitarwa nephrosclerosis kashe shi kawai son mahaifinsa. Ya san yadda za ta ƙare. Hakika, ba wanda zai iya ce daidai lokacin da zai faru m aukuwa idan Bulgakov mutu. A dalilin mutuwar bayyane, amma nawa ya iya rike a rayuwa - babu.

Memorial da sabis da kuma jana'izar dauki wuri sosai rantsuwarsu. By hadisin, wani marubuci fuskantar mutuwa mask an cire. Bulgakov aka yanke shawarar a cremated, bisa ga nufinsa. A tunawa da sabis na zo gwarazansa Bulgakov marubuta, abokan aiki daga Moscow Art gidan wasan kwaikwayo, membobin kungiyar Writers. Ina kira ko da sakataren Stalin, sa'an nan a manyan epitaph aka buga a "Literary jarida". Ya aka binne shi a Novodevichy hurumi, kusa da kaburbura na Chekhov.

Idan ka damu da wannan tambaya: "Ina mutuwa mask na Bulgakov," sa'an nan amsar mai sauki ce: shi ya gano a wannan posthumous simintin gyare-gyaren a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya. Sa'an nan, kamar sassaka sanya kawai a na kwarai lokuta cewa yayi magana akan girmama juna da kuma girmamawa ga Bulgakov matsayin talented marubuci, duk da dukan matsaloli na rayuwa. Nufin marubuci ba, kuma ba zai iya samun maki, wanda zai shige zuwa cikin wani mutuwa mask. Bulgakov taba tsunduma a rago foppery, musamman na irin wannan. Kama da cewa lokacin ya yanke shawarar da abokan aiki.