"Robinson Crusoe": marubucin ya rubuta game da kansa?

A yau babu yarjejeniya game da abin da shekara da aka haife Daniel Defoe, English marubuci, saba zuwa ga masu karatu da fari kamar yadda marubucin labari "Robinson Crusoe". Wasu sukan yi tunanin cewa a cikin 1660, yayin da wasu Malaman tarihi da masana tarihi yi imani da cewa Daniel fo aka haife shi a 1661 a London. Haka kada ka yi mamaki, babu typos a cikin rubutu. The real sunan sanannen marubuci - fo.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka

Uba Daniel aka sayar da nama da mafarkin cewa dansa zai zama wani fasto, don haka matasa Daniel ya shiga a cikin seminary. A Morton ta Academy, wanda aka located in Stoke Newington, nan gaba marubucin "Robinson Crusoe" Na yi karatu Greek, Latin da na gargajiya wallafe-wallafe. Amma, shi ne kawo karshen shekaru 19 na Academy, Daniel fo fara tafiyar da harkokin kasuwanci da ayyukan.

Kasuwa da kuma pamphleteer

A farko matakai a kasuwanci shi ya aikata a matsayin da magatakarda a hosiery m, inda ya yi karatu kayan yau da kullum na ciniki kasuwanci. Domin da farko lokacin da ke sa tafiye-tafiye na musamman domin kasuwanci dalilai, to Portugal, Italiya, Spain da kuma Faransa. Daga baya Daniel fo saya factory domin samar da safa, sa'an nan da shuka domin samar da fale-falen da kuma tubalin. Mai kasada da yanayi, Mr. fo zuba jari a dubious ayyukan zuwa lokaci, kuma a sakamakon zama fatara.

Kasawa a kan kasuwanci gaban, kada ka ja da kilishi daga ƙarƙashin ƙafafun Daniel. Bugu da kari ga harkokin ciniki, na da babban amfani ga makomar mawallafin ne da rayuwar siyasa na kasar. Ya siyasa aiki da aka directed a kan hukuncin King James II, ya rubuta satirical waqe da kuma wasu 'yan takardu, wanda izgili da fādar sarki, da na mulki aristocracy. Mafi mashahuri na su wãyi rubuta a 1701. "thoroughbred Banasare". A ƙasida ya haka Topical cewa, hukumomin yanke hukuncin daurin marubucin don pillory giant ci tarar da sa a kurkuku har da kisan duk bugun fanareti. Zaunannen daura wa pillory, pamphleteer kallo a matsayin 'yan kasa na London ya ba shi ya nuna tausayawa da kuma goyon baya. Da samar da rushe: shuka karshe ya tafi fatara, yayin da mai shi yana a kurkuku.

Da 'yancin, a gaskiya, Daniel aka zamar masa dole fo ministan da shugaban majalisar na Commons, Robert Kawasaki. Majalisa ja daga kurkuku marubuci ya miƙa shi a aiki na asiri wakili a Scotland da kuma Ingila. A 1704, wani jabu sunayen kara De barbashi, don haka mai shi ya yanke shawarar zuwa suna jaddada ta aristocratic asalin. Kuma a cikin wannan shekara ya aka nada a ambata "The Review". Akwai ya yi aiki har sai 1713, ya rubuta da kuma gyararrakin articles zama sananne siyasa a sharhinsa. A layi daya da aikin wallafe-wallafe gidan Defoe rubuta adabi ayyukansu.

A farko littafin

A 1719 shi ne aka buga na farko littafin na marubuci - "Robinson Crusoe." Marubucin ne laifin nasara. Danielya Defo sunan da aka hada a tarihin duniya wallafe-wallafe. Shahararsa da aka ba kawai wani marubuci, amma kuma da Robinson Crusoe. Marubucin ya ba da protagonist Indomitable hali da kuma sha'awar ga rai. A kan kalaman na nasarar da farko littafin na Defoe nan da nan samar da wani ci gaba na rayuwa da protagonist - "The cigaba da Kasadar Robinson Crusoe" da kuma wani shekara daga baya, marubucin ya rubuta cewa, "tsanani Tunani a lokacin Life, kuma M Abin mamaki Kasadar Robinson Crusoe, har da hangen nesa daga cikin mala'iku duniya." Amma wadannan ayyuka ba wahayi zuwa gare su da masu karatu.

A dukan duniya yana zaton cewa protagonist da labari "Robinson Crusoe" by Daniel Defoe ne - a hakikanin hali. A core samfurin ne da gaske mai labarin abin da ya faru da wani ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa. 'Yan mutane san cewa, daga cikin master alkalami zo ma irin manyan ayyukan matsayin "Happy courtesan", "Joy da baƙin ciki mol Flanders", "History of Kanar Jack" da sauransu. Amma babban kuma akwai littafin "Robinson Crusoe". Marubucin da kuma halinsa tafi, ta hanyar rayuwar har yanzu tare.

Shahararren mawallafi mutu a talauci da gushewa, a shekaru 71, a London.