Birane masu yawa na War Warrior. 'Yan kauye na babban yaki

A farkon watan Mayu duk da tunani da kuma zukatan miliyoyin mutane a cikin tsohon Tarayyar Soviet suna juya a cikin shugabanci na babban kwanan wata, May 9. Wannan rana za mu taba manta, saboda shi alama karshen mummunan yaki na zamaninmu. Yana yi sanadiyar rayukan da yawa daga mu 'yan'uwanmu' yan kasa, miliyoyin iyalai rabu da ya kawo sosai dõmin baƙin ciki cẽwa rai mahalarta daga waɗanda events iya ba tuna wannan lokaci ba tare da hawaye.

Mutane da yawa heroes da aka manta. Wataqila za mu sani ba wanda shi ne na karshe yãƙi. Akwai ma wa] anda sunayen zai kasance har abada a cikin Monuments da ke cikin ƙirãza. Daga cikin heroes ne ba kawai maza, amma kuma da manyan birane na cikin Great Patriotic War, waɗanda a mummunan shekaru tsaya a karkashin nauyi matsa lamba daga Nazis, ko da yawa watanni tsayayya da mãsu alãma.

Mene ne wannan?

Wannan high daraja da suka karbi garuruwa goma sha biyu da Tarayyar Soviet, ya shahara akan tsaro tarihi. A yankin ƙasarsu suna shigar Monuments da steles, wanda aka tsara don ko da yaushe tunatar da jama'a game da irinta jaruntakar hali na mutane.

Mu tuna cewa dole ne birni-heroes of Great Patriotic War, photo, kuma waɗanda sunayensu suke a cikin labarin, ya biya fansar high daraja da jini mai yawa, kamar yadda suka samu ya unprecedented ƙarfin hali a cikin tsaro na kare a mafi wuya shekaru.

St. Petersburg (Leningrad)

The title aka bayar May 8, 1965

A farkon kaka, da Jamus sun iya gaba daya toshe cikin wadata da birnin daga ƙasar. Yana fara da kewaye na Leningrad, wanda dade kusan 872 dogon, yunwa rana. Kusan dukan mazaunan birnin - heroes of Great Patriotic War. Photo «Birnin Leningrad, kawancen" kuma har yanzu wahayi zuwa gare su da tsoro da mutum baƙin ciki ko ƙẽƙashe Tsohon soji na gida yaƙe-yaƙe, ba a ma maganar kai tsaye mahalarta na abubuwan da suka faru.

Da ƙarfin hali da ta mutane da aka irinta: a kaucewa tausayi yanayin da suka ba kawai ya yi yaƙi da invaders, amma ko da gudanar ya kafa samar da makamin da aka yi amfani da nan da nan a kan gaba wajen, a zahiri gina da shuka. Don kwanan wata, an yi imani da cewa ya mutu game da rabin mutane miliyan daga yunwa da cututtuka.

Kawai 3% ya auku a makamai. Sauran ayyukan da aka yi yunwa. Yau, kowane schoolchild sani cewa kaɗai hanyar ceto shi ne "Road of Life", abin da ya faru tare da kankara daskarewa a cikin hunturu na Lake Ladoga. Duk da haka, kuma a lokacin rani a gudanar da harkokin sufuri ta ruwa kai, amma su kundin ba manyan. Shi sosai shi ne hanyar rayuwa, kamar yadda a kan wannan hanya ya iya barin birnin mutane miliyan 1.5, daga cikinsu sun kasance mafi yawa yara, mata da tsofaffi. A karshe gudanar don ya dauke kawancen na birnin kawai a shekarar 1944.

Me kuke tunanin lokacin da sabawa da kalmar "birni na heroes of Great Patriotic War"? Hotuna Monuments a fagen yaƙi, da kuma more. A nan ne kawai kawancen daga cikin kalmomi iya ko kuka, kamar yadda suka tsaya a gaban wasu, m hotuna daga waɗanda shekara.

A ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da masu m kwana da aka kafa bakwai Monuments, kazalika da daidai 112 commemorative ginshiƙai a ko'ina cikin Road Life. A tsakiyar tunawa abun da ke ciki shi ne abin tunawa "Aparted zobe", wadda ta zama alamar karshe nasara kawancen da kuma sakin Leningrad. Hakika, duk da manyan birane na Great Patriotic War ne cancanci girmamawa, amma hadaya na Birnin Leningrad, a tuna har abada.

Odessa

Rank ma aka bayar a watan Mayu 1965.

Odessa ya zama daya daga cikin na farko biranen da suke a cikin hanyar da invaders. By Agusta 1941, duk da unprecedented ƙarfin hali na ta kare, shi aka gaba daya katange. Akwai ne kawai hanyar zuwa tekun, da kare da dama daga cikin Black Sea jiragen ruwa. Daga cikin tẽku da shi samu ba kawai wata babbar adadin abinci, amma kuma da makami cewa yarda da yaki da dannawa maƙiyi sojojin.

Don yadda ya kamata kare gāba da taba-kara kai hare-hare na Jamus, da aka kafa wani garu yankin. Mazauna gudanar ya nuna a cikin mafi wuya yanayin sauki makamai da kuma harshen-throwers, wanda nan da nan da ya fadi a zubar da sojoji. Kare Odessa ya bar birnin, amma suka tafi, ba a karya, kuma ya mallake: da yawa daga cikinsu baya squads aka kafa a cikin wannan ƙarfi kuma guda ƙarfin hali da kare kansu da Nazis Crimea.

A halin yanzu, abin tunawa, wanda aka sadaukar domin abubuwan da suka faru na waɗannan kwanaki, a cikin wani wurin shakatawa mai suna bayan Taras Shevchenko. Ã'a, shĩ ne a tunawa hadaddun "Walk na Fame", wanda aka har abada kama ga zuriyarsa da nasara da su girma da kakanninsu. A general, duk da manyan birane na Great Patriotic War da irin wannan memorials.

Sevastopol

The title aka bayar to wannan lokaci kamar yadda muka ambata a sama birane.

Crimea ya kullum dabarun muhimmancin ga kasar, tun da shi ne, ta hanyar da ƙasa gudu da hanya mafi guntu zuwa filayen man fetur na Caucasus. Ba abin mamaki ba cewa daga farko kwanaki na yaki da Wehrmacht kwamandojin ba su legions sauki domin: a lokacin duk abin da kudin a cikin guntu yiwu lokacin kama da tsabta Sevastopol. Tarayyar Soviet umurnin kawayeniya a kan wannan ci ma ya ba: a cikin Crimea, akwai wani gagarumin ɓangare na jirgin sama, wanda za a iya ba a bar ta a rahama da makiya. Bukata, don kare birnin domin kamar yadda dogon lokaci kamar yadda zai yiwu.

A kan tsaro suka nan da nan aka jefa mafi kyau sojojin, wanda a lokaci daya adawa da makiya a Odessa. Sun kafa da tsakiya da yaƙin motsi, wanda mambobin sun aiki a cikin dukan ƙasar na Crimean sashin. Abin baƙin ciki, a cikin watan Yuli na shekara ta gaba, da birnin har yanzu ya bar.

Duk da haka, da Jamus sun ba ma m Feel a kama birni, kamar yadda sojojin suna kullum patted guerrillas. Cikakken gudanar ya 'yantar Sevastopol a watan Mayu 1944. A samu lambar "Gama tsaron na Sevastopol" ya ko da yaushe aka dauke a cikin sahu na Red Army Elite, kamar yadda mai girma kasance exploits daga waɗanda suka kare da haihuwa abin tunawa daga soja daukakar Rasha da Tarayyar Soviet.

Don har abada bugu a cikin memory daga zurriyar, wadannan kwanaki, wani abin tunawa da aka gina a kan Dutsen Sapun. Wannan wuri ne da key, zuwa ga birnin, da ya fi muhimmanci tsaron gida matsayi, wanda ya kashe wani babban yawan Soviet da kuma Jamus sojoji. Duk da haka, wannan za a iya halin da duk sauran birni-heroes na 1941-1945 Great Patriotic War shekaru.

Volgograd (Stalingrad)

Rank ma aka bayar May 8, 1965. Lokacin da akwai da m yakin Stalingrad, a lokacin da Tarayyar Soviet sojojin iya karya kashin bayan Hitler ta sojojin, wannan birni ya filin daga. Kamar yadda masu yawa kamar yadda kwanaki 200 ya gudana, na jini da yaki ga kowane mita na birane sarari, kowane gidan da aka juya zuwa cikin sansanin soja.

A lokacin watan, cewa da Jamus da ake bukata domin da mamayewa na Poland a lokacin, da Jamus sun iya ansu rubuce-rubucen kamar wata tituna a Stalingrad, sun jawo gagarumin hasarori. A tsanani na fada ya m, bangarorin biyu nasarar da yadu amfani makasa.

A cikin shahararrun Mamayev Kurgan ne mai alfarma da hadaddun "Don Heroes na Battle of Stalingrad" a saman wanda tsaye a giant abin tunawa ga Mahaifa, mahaifiyata, wadda za ta ko da yaushe kasance wata alama ce soyayya da kuma addini a gare mu mutane zuwa ga mahaifarsa. A cikin wannan labarin, akwai ba kawai da birnin heroes of Great Patriotic War: hotuna da photo shafukan ya taimake ka ji duk monumental wurare.

Kiev

Order a kan awarding da take da aka sanya hannu May 8, 1965. Ya kamata a lura da cewa a halin yanzu da sabon Ukrainian hukumomi zuwa "gyara" shi. Duk da haka, ba su tsare Kiev, suka ba su saki. Saboda haka cewa "da umarni na Kau na birni-gwarzo matsayi" kuma ba su buga su.

Tsaron gida aiki dade daidai 70 days. A zama na gari da Jamus sojojin da aka jinkirta domin 2.5 years. A wannan lokaci, da Jamus da kuma su marataya-kasa yana da wani yawa na "aikin": massively Yahudawa suka harbe shi, a maida hankali sansanin Soviet fursunonin yaki, wanda kashe dubban mu da sojoji da aka shirya.

Halakar da yawa na tarihi da kuma gine-gine da Monuments, bace ba tare da wata alama da yawa m kayayyakin gargajiya daga gidajen tarihi. Hakika, da yawa Kiev mazauna sun halarci yaƙin motsi, duk} o} arin kare 'yan qasar birni daga zaluncin da Nazis. Amma kawai bayan da wani nauyi hunturu fadace-fadace a 1943 ya aka 'yanci ta sojojin na Jamus sojojin. Lura cewa duka birnin-heroes of Ukraine (Mai girma Patriotic War of 1941-1945) an kusan gaba daya hallaka, da kuma mayar da su yana da matukar dogon lokaci.

Kamar yadda a Volgograd, akwai wani abin tunawa a "Mahaifa, mahaifiyata".

Sansanin soja a Brest

A almara abin tunawa ga ƙarfin hali da kuma mazakuta na Soviet sojojin. Rank ma aka bayar a watan Mayu 1965. Mun riga mun ambata birane da yawa-heroes of Great Patriotic War: jerin su za a iya samu ta hanyar kawai leka cikin labarin headings. Amma Brest - wani sosai musamman wuri, inda ba za ka iya magana game da na dogon lokaci.

A kan tsaro da sansanin soja da yawa sani daga poignant da m littafin Borisa Vasileva. Amma a cikin littafin, mun gane ba abin da ake ji da kuma abin da ake jiran mutanen da suka san sosai da rashin yiwuwar samun ceto cewa kowane awa daya rasa abokai da kuma masõyansa. A duk wannan, ba su ko da tunani game da sallama ga makiya. Battle of Brest - na farko a cikin tarihin na yaki, da kuma daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci.

Wannan ba abin mamaki bane. A Jamus dakarun aka shirin komawa daukar birnin, sa'an nan da "nasara Maris" don ci gaba da motsi zuwa Gabas. Su gravely shayi. A 'yan kwanaki da wani rukuni na Soviet sojojin nacewa kare ko yanki zuwa sansanin soja, ba da Jamusawa je da iyaka. M wata gaba ba fada shiru ko da dare.

Sojoji, sosai gaji, m da kuma jin yunwa, sai na karshe na biyu tsayayya da makiya. "Ina gab da mutuwa, amma ba ka ba up" - wannan sanannen rubutu a kan daya daga cikin ganuwar da sansanin soja da cikakken nuna hakikanin ruhun mu sojoji a muni, da karshe yaƙi. Jamus karshe kama da sansanin soja, a lokacin da babu rai na ta kare, kawai masu cin nasara, ba su ji: yayin da kasashen Turai da biyayya da Jamus sojojin a cikin mako biyu, wasu m sansanin soja kawai a kan m ƙarfin hali da kuma heroism na ta kare , na iya rike fita domin kamar wata biyu.

A duka castle aka gane a matsayin wani na har abada tunawa a 1971. Its ƙasa ne ko da yaushe lit madawwamiyar wuta, ko da yaushe Biyan caffa ga auku sojoji na Soviet Army.

Moscow

Kamar yadda a duk gabata lokuta, da take aka bayar a watan Mayu 1965. Kusan kowa da kowa a cikin sãɓãwar launukansa digiri, birnin da aka sani heroes of Great Patriotic War. Photo «Moscow Parade 1941" ne ma saba wa da yawa. Shi ne daga sabo ne sojojin tafi zuwa ga counter, a nan ya umurnin hedkwatar Red Army.

Ba mamaki, daga farkon na yaki da shan babban birnin kasar na Tarayyar Soviet da shi shi ne prerogative na Jamus umurninSa, kuma haka amfani da wannan manufa mafi kyau sojojin. Shirin "Barbarosa" hannu da ci a cikin birnin na farko da watanni uku na yaki. A nan ne kawai Kiev, Leningrad, ya kuma Smolensk sa a irin wannan m da tsare-tsaren m giciye, Jinkirtãwa da kafa wani aiki ya dauki birnin na tsawon watanni shida. A kan karkata daga Moscow, da Jamus da jũna kawai zuwa tsakiyar kaka, a lõkacin da ta fara na farko tsanani sanyi.

Our kwamandojin don gabatar a kansu da wani yaki na attrition. Har Disamba na wannan shekara ci gaba tsaro na Moscow, wanda ya samu halartar da yawa teams da masu sa kai.

Sau da yawa da halin da ake ciki ya zama m. Yana da jũna da cewa Jamus kasance game da su cimma burin su, kuma Hitler da aka shirya jefa wani marmari idi a cikin Kremlin. Amma na biyar na Disamba, mu dakarun kaddamar da wani counteroffensive a cikin ta farko ci, tare da sakamakon cewa da Jamus ja da baya daga birnin iyaka kawai kilomita 200.

A tunawa da wadanda suka faru a gaban ganuwar da Moscow Kremlin da tunawa da Unknown Soja. Dole ne in ce cewa irin wannan abin tunawa iya amince shigar duk garin-heroes of Great Patriotic War, wani photo na wanda muna da a cikin labarin.

Kerch

The title aka bayar kawai Satumba 14, 1973. A garin ne sananne ga zama dama a kan gaban line shige shi da yawa kamar yadda hudu (!) Times. Kashe akalla 15,000 mutane, rabin wanda aka gilla harbe a Bagerovsky wuriyar. 15 dubu Jamus, aka kore su yi aikin gandu a Jamus. Daga cikin birni yana kasa da kashi 15%. Kusan duk fiye ko žasa da muhimmanci gine-gine da aka lalata, da kuma dukan gine-gine da kuma ba ya zama. Kawai a farkon Afrilu 1944 Kerch ya karshe liberated daga Nazi invaders.

A kan tudun tare da wani kyakkyawan sunan Mithridates bayan abubuwan da suka faru har abada harshen wuta konewa.

Novorossiysk

Rank kuma bayar da a tsakiyar watan Satumba 1973. kusan duk birnin, aka kama da Jamus sojojin a lokacin yaki. Manufar na Nazis ya Georgia, hanya madaidaiciya, wanda ya buɗe nan da nan bayan da kama na Novorossiysk.

Kowa ya gane cewa, irin wannan sakamako zai yi a yarda Hitler ya sami wani m qafafunku a cikin Caucasus. Musamman iko Novorossiysk garu yankin da aka kafa} alubalantar wannan, amma ta hanyar Agusta 1942 daga shi kadan hagu (ba fiye da 20%). A watan Fabrairu 1943, bayan 225 kwanaki na zama, da Soviet mayakan gudanar ya sake kwato garin.

Ba mamaki, da babban abin tunawa zama tunawa da ake kira "Lines na tsaro". Stela 40 mita alama ce ta cewa za a yi ba daya villain zuwa ƙofar birnin. Hero Mai girma Patriotic War, maharbi Rubaho Filipp Yakovlevich shi ma 'yan qasar na daraja Novorossiysk.

Minsk

Bayar da muƙamin Yuni 26, 1974.

Kamar kwana uku bayan da farkon yakin birnin da aka karkashin Jamus zama. A karkararta, "tukuru-aiki" Jamusawa halitta kawai uku ghettos a wanda ya kashe game da 80,000 Yahudawa. A cikin kusanci da Minsk da kuma Jamus kashe akalla 400,000 mutane. a watan Yuni 1944, da kawai manyan sikelin-kwata 'yanci aiki da aka kaddamar a karshe. By lokacin da gari aka gaba daya kwace, bar m kawai 80 gine-gine.

A mafi muhimmanci abin tunawa ne tunawa "Yama", wanda aka keɓe wa wadanda ke fama da da Holocaust. By hanyar magana, shi ne na farko da abin tunawa a dukan Tarayyar Soviet, da farfajiya wadda yana da wani rubutu a Yiddish.

Tula

The title aka ni'imtar da kawai Disamba 7, 1976.

Soviet "maƙeri" ya mai riya manufa ga German umurninSa, kuma haka hana kama birnin, a wani hali ba zai yiwu ba. Bugu da kari, Tula rufe kudancin kan iyakar Moscow, sa shi ya fi muhimmanci. A cikin kaka na 1941 da ya fi iko Jamus hari gida mayakan da daraja nuna, hanyar da Jamus da aka daidaita rufe.

A fashewa da Great Patriotic War, birnin Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod) ya kusan guda matsayi. Yau, gwagwarmaya kokarin cimma lambar yabo na wannan lakabi na girmamawa a gare shi. Duk da haka, baya ga Thule.

A garin da kewaye da aka buga wuya. Aka ƙone su duka kusan duk kauyuka, inda suka kashe akalla 360 dubu fararen hula. Ko da a cikin yanayi na maras ban sha'awa, yaƙi ya kewaye ta Tula masana'antu na ci gaba da nuna inji bindigogi, submachine bindigogi da kuma maharbi bindigogi. Af, a gida tsaron gida Lines daidai tabbatar PPK bindiga gun Korovin, marubucin wanda yana da dogon shekaru na Soviet ikon da aka bã da wani hakki manta.

Duk da haka, shi tunawa da tsohon mazauna birnin. Hero Mai girma Patriotic War aka ba gaba daya manta.

A girmama wadannan abubuwan a ko'ina cikin birnin shigar da yawa Monuments na soja ɗaukakarsa, da kuma Nasara Square gina wani gini a cikin nau'i na sojoji da ma'aikata waɗanda suke dogara a kan wani bindiga bayoneti. All birni-heroes of Great Patriotic War, kyaututukan da ya samu ne m, amma Tula ko da a kan wannan backdrop cewa tsaya daga gare su tsinke nufin ya lashe.

Murmansk

Kawai May 6, 1985 birnin da aka bayar da irin wannan babban daraja da kuma muhimmancin.

Hitler ta umarnin da sojojin da aka sauki da kuma gajeren: Murmansk umurce su da su halaka nan da nan tare da farkon yakin, saboda ta hanyar da tashoshin jiragen ruwa da yawa ton na kayayyaki daga majiɓinta. Samar da fiye da 800 m iska hare-hare a kan birnin kika aika game da 186 dubban iko da bama-bamai, amma ya kare tare da girmamawa tsaya a cikin wannan jahannama. Birane da yawa na Great Patriotic War wuce ta kai harin, amma akwai babu inda suka fi karfi.

Kusan duk gine-gine da aka ƙone, ko mugun lalace. Poor irin rawa da katako, gine-gine, a cikin abin da wuta yada tare da m gudun. Kawai a cikin kaka 1944, da barazana da birnin da aka gaba daya shafe ta. A Kabarin da aka shigar. Amma shi ya kasance ne kawai da shekaru 30 bayan karshen yakin duniya na II, a lokacin da babban birni na heroes of Great Patriotic War ya dade tun kasance a ba su "girma jerin".

Smolensk

The title aka bayar a matsayin May 6, 1985, wanda shi ne matukar mamaki, saboda kare birnin a lokacin yaki nuna ƙarfin hali disproportionately fiye da guda mutane na Kiev.

A watan Yuli 1941, da Jamus da jũna da cewa hanya zuwa zuciya na ƙasar da aka gaba daya a bude. Babban burin da aka Moscow, da kuma duk ƙarya a cikin hanyar da Jamus sojojin na gari an dauke mere "karfen kafa." Tuni a Yuni 15 kudancin birnin da aka shagaltar, kuma nan da nan sauran yankunan fadi a karkashin m duka. Amma wannan shi ne kawai farkon, a matsayin kare birnin da kuma bai tunanin zuwa daina.

Tun tsakiyar watan Yuli sun fara yaki mai tsanani da suka tafi fiye da watanni biyu. Soviet sojojin sha wahala nauyi asarar da, amma Jamus da ba kyau. Bugu da kari, massively kashe fararen hula: daya kawai punitive halaka fiye da 300 kauyuka da dukan mazaunanta.

An zaci cewa kashe game da 600 mutane dubu, amma wannan adadi ne a fili sosai ma low, kamar yadda more kuma mafi taro kaburbura bincika injuna ci gaba da samun a kowace shekara. Birnin yana da wani gidan kayan gargajiya, wanda ya ƙunshi dukan takardun da shaida, gaya game da rayuwa a cikin birnin wadanda m shekaru.

Ga muka lissafa duk manyan garuruwa na Great Patriotic War.