Anti-gogayya kayan: wani bayyani, Properties da aikace-aikace

Kan aiwatar da aiki na fasaha raka'a, inji da mutum kashi kungiyoyin na kayan aiki ne babu makawa tare da lalacewa. Mutual inji mataki abubuwa tare da sãɓãwar launukansa digiri na tsanani a kan juna take kaiwa zuwa abrasion na saman da kuma lalata da ciki tsari. Haka kuma, irin wannan sakamako yana da yawa, kuma da yanayi a cikin nau'i na yashewa da cavitation. A sakamakon haka, akwai wani asarar yi art, ko a kalla a rage aiki Properties. Wadannan reviews niƙe gogayya da kuma anti-gogayya kayayyaki zai taimaka wurin fahimtar hanyoyin da cewa rage a ke so gogayya. Irin kayan da ake shawarar don amfani da kayan aiki ga masana'antu da kuma gida kayan, kazalika da gini kayan aikin.

Bambance-bambance na gogayya da kuma anti-gogayya abu

Da la'akari da wadannan kayan a cikin mahallin na daya saboda gaskiyar cewa su aiki da aka alaka a sifofinsu da sunadaran - gogayya. Amma idan anti-gogayya aka gyara da kuma Additives ne da alhakin rage darajar, gogayya - a kan m, kara da shi. Saboda haka, misali, gami powders tare da wani ƙara coefficient na gogayya samar da abrasion juriya da kuma inji karfin da manufa workgroup. Don cimma wadannan kaddarorin na gogayya kayan sanya tsaurin oxides, carbides, boron, silicon da sauransu. A bambanci ga anti-gogayya abubuwa, da gogayya da kuma sau da yawa suna cike da aikin abubuwa a cikin tsari. Wannan, musamman, na iya zama da birki da kuma kama.

Samar da wata matsala na kara gogayya, sun yi aiki a cikin layi daya da kuma takamaiman fasaha matsaloli. A lokaci guda, gogayya da kuma anti-gogayya kayan kafin yin amfani da izinin tsaurara dakin gwaje-gwaje gwaje-gwaje. Wadanda gami gwada wa birki wuri da benci gwaje-gwaje, a lokacin da aka ƙayyade na expediency na amfani a yi. A mafi technologically m gogayya kayan na polymers yau an yi ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Saboda haka, birki band inji amfani compaction kayan aiki - a kan siffofin sanya gammaye, faranti da kuma sassa. Belt kayan ana sanya na saka fasaha, da kuma linings - by mirgina.

A Properties na anti-gogayya kayan

Details da anti-gogayya aiki dole ne bi da wani m kewayon da bukatun, ma'ana su na asali aiki halaye. A farko abu ya zama jituwa tare da ma'abota sassa, da kuma ga aiki yanayi. A cikin sharuddan karfinsu kafin da kuma bayan burnishing abu na samar da ake so digiri na gogayya raguwa. Ga shi ya kamata a lura a guje-matsayin irin wannan. Wannan dukiyar kayyade kashi ta ikon halitta daidaita lissafi na surface a mafi kyau duka siffar cewa shi ne ya dace domin aikin location. A wasu kalmomin, da workpiece an share m tsarin da microscopic magudi, bayan da kuna-a aiki zai samar da yanayi tare da kadan aikinsa.

Sa juriya - kuma muhimmanci mallaka da wadannan kayan. Anti-gogayya abubuwa ya kamata a yi tsarin wanda ya samar da juriya ga daban-daban na lalacewa. A daidai wannan lokaci, abun kada ta kasance ma m da wuya, kamar yadda a cikin wannan hali zai kara hadarin jamming, wanda shi ne ba kyawawa ga anti-gogayya abu. Haka kuma, fasahar da aka ware irin wannan dukiya, da sha na m barbashi. Gaskiyar cewa gogayya zuwa sãɓãwar launukansa digiri, za su iya taimakawa da kasafi na kananan abubuwa - wani lokacin karfe. Bi da bi, da antifriction surface yana da ikon "lan wasa", a wannan barbashi kansu, kawar da su daga filin aiki.

Metal anti-gogayya kayan

Kayayyakin bisa wani karfe dokoki mafi m bakan da anti-gogayya abubuwa na kungiyar. Mafi yawansu ba su mayar da hankali a kan aiki a cikin ruwa gogayya yanayin, cewa shi ne, a karkashin yanayi inda da bearings rabu da wani bakin ciki mai Layer Rolls. Duk da haka idan da tsayawa da kuma fara da na'ura babu makawa taso a da ake kira iyaka gogayya gwamnatin, a cikin abin da mai fim za a iya kaskanta high yanayin zafi. Ƙarfe sassa amfani a cikin qazanta kungiyoyin za a iya raba iri biyu: da abubuwa da laushi irin zane da kuma m abun da ake sakawa da kuma gami da wani m substrate da kuma mai taushi abun da ake sakawa. Idan muka magana game da farko kungiyar, kamar yadda anti-gogayya kayan za a iya amfani da babbitt karfe, tagulla, da na tagulla gami. Godiya ga m tsarin, suka sauri gogaggiyar da kuma na dogon lokaci riƙe da halaye na mai fim. A daya hannun, m inclusions sa ya karu da lalacewa saboda inji lamba tare da m abubuwa - misali, tare da wannan shaft.

Karkashin nufa babbitt gami, wanda Forms da dalilin gubar ko tin. Har ila yau, saboda inganta da halaye na mutum a cikin tsarin za a iya kara alloying gami. Daga cikin inganta Properties iya ambaci lalata juriya, taurin, tauri da kuma ƙarfi. Canza daya ko wani halayyar ne m da wanda alloying kayan amfani. Antifriction babbits iya modified cadmium, nickel, jan, antimony da kuma kama. D. Alal misali, misali babbit qunshi game da 80% tin ko gubar, 10% antimony da sikẽli zama tagulla, da cadmium.

Gubar gami a matsayin wajen minimizing gogayya

Asali sanin gubar hali gami ne babbitt. Affordability kayyade takamaiman amfani da wannan abu - a kalla alhakin aiki ayyuka. Gubar akai idan aka kwatanta da tin babbit samar da kasa high inji juriya da kuma a low lalata kariya. Duk da haka, kuma a cikin irin wannan gami shi ne ba tare da tin - da abun ciki na iya isa 18%. Bugu da ƙari, cikin abun da ke ciki da kuma gabatar a cikin jan bangaren wanda ya hana fata matakai - da m rarraba daban-daban kayayyakin a cikin taro daga karfe allo.

A sauki gubar kayan da antifriction Properties halin high brittleness, saboda haka suna amfani da yanayin da rage tsauri lodi. A musamman, da bearings waƙa inji, locomotives da kuma nauyi injiniya aka gyara sa up manufa alkuki, inda irin kayan da ake amfani. Antifriction gami da alli aikace-aikace iya kiran gyara gubar gami. A wannan yanayin alama halaye kamar high yawa da kuma low thermal watsin. -Akai kamar yadda shi ne da gubar, amma kuma gwaji sassa na ta dace da hada sodium, alli da antimony. Amma ga rauni da maki daga cikin abu, da suka hada da hadawan abu da iskar shaka, don haka chemically aiki kafofin watsa labarai amfani da shi ba da shawarar.

Da yake jawabi game da babbitt, zamu iya cewa wannan ba shine mafi tasiri bayani rage gogayya, amma a kan dukan halayya da shi ne m daga wani aiki ra'ayi. Wannan abu antifriction Properties iya biya diyya a rage gajiya juriya, worsening yadda ya dace da rabi. Duk da haka, a wasu lokuta, rashin ƙarfi cika wa hada a cikin zane na karfe ko jefa baƙin ƙarfe housings.

Features tagulla hali gami

Physico-sinadaran Properties na tagulla aka organically a hade tare da bukatun ga qazanta gami. Active karfe, musamman, na samar da isasshen resistivity karatu na matsa lamba, da yiwuwar aiki a cikin yanayi na buga lodi, high gudun juyawa daga cikin hali da kuma sauransu. D. Amma kamar yadda tagulla domin zabin da daban-daban ayyuka za su dogara a kan ta mark. A wannan format aiki abun da ake sakawa a karkashin buga lodi ke na yarda ga alama BrOS30, amma ba da shawarar for Braze. Akwai kuma bambance-bambance a cikin aji bronzes kayan a kan inji Properties. Wannan rukuni na halayen zai dogara ne a kan yanayin interfacing da ƙẽƙashe shafts da kuma ta yin amfani da ingarma, wanda na iya samun ƙarin hardening. Sa'an nan, ba za mu iya magana game da monolithic tsarin da gami.

Bronze ware kuma iya hada tin, tagulla, gubar. A wannan yanayin, idan duk wadannan karafa za a iya amfani da a matsayin tushe babbitt, anti-gogayya kayan dogara ne a kan jan aka yi amfani sosai da wuya. A wannan yanayin da jan bangaren sau da yawa abubuwa a matsayin wani kari da wannan abun ciki na 2-3% rabo. A ganiya hade da tin-gubar inclusions. Su samar da isasshen lambobi kamar antifriction gami bangaren, ko da yake sauran qagaggun rasa game inji ƙarfi. Hada tagulla kayan ana amfani a yi na monolithic hali ga Motors, turbines, kwampreso raka'a da sauran raka'a wanda aiki a high matsa lamba da kuma low zamiya gudun.

Foda gogayya kayan

Irin kayan da ake amfani a qagaggun yi nufi ga watsa kuma braking naúrar sa ido motocin, motoci, inji kayayyakin aiki, yi inji da kuma kama. D. kerarre articles dangane foda aka gyara samar a cikin nau'i na bangaren linings da Disc gammaye. A daidai wannan lokaci da albarkatun kasa domin antifriction irin gami powders suna kafa na wannan nomenclature kamar yadda a cikin yanayin da gogayya aka gyara - sau da yawa amfani da baƙin ƙarfe, da tagulla, amma akwai sauran haduwa.

Alal misali, kayan na aluminum da kuma tin tagulla, da suka hada da graphite, kai yadda ya kamata bayyana kansu a karkashin gogayya a zamiya gudun bayani game da 50 m / s. Af, a lokacin da bearings a gudun 5 m / s, foda karfe labarin iya maye gurbinsu da roba albarkatun kasa. Wannan ne anti-gogayya kumshin abu da m aiki tsarin da kuma rage karfin. Duk da haka, mafi m cikin sharuddan amfani karkashin high danniya suna dauke da kayan baƙin ƙarfe da tagulla. A Additives amfani graphite, silicon oxide ko barium. Ayuba data abubuwa samuwa a matsa lamba na 300 MPa da kuma zamiya gudun 60 m / s.

Foda antifriction kayan

Foda raw kayan ake samar da anti-gogayya kayayyakin. Suna halin high lalacewa juriya, low coefficient na gogayya da ikon yin azumi a guje shaft. Har ila yau, anti-gogayya foda kayan da yawan abũbuwan amfãni a kwatanta da gami da rage gogayya. Isar da shi a lura da cewa su jimiri yi ta wani talakawan ya fi a wannan babbitt. A porous tsarin kafa ta foda karafa, sa m impregnation lubricants.

Masana'antun da damar da siffar da karshe samfurin a cikin daban-daban siffofin. Yana za a iya firam ko matrix sassa tare da matsakaiciyar cavities cika da sauran raw annashuwa. A bambanci, a wasu yankunan na qaruwar ga anti-gogayya foda kayan da ciwon myagkotelnuyu gawa akai. A musamman Kwayoyin bayar daskararru na bangarori daban-daban na watsawa. Wannan ingancin ne na bayar da muhimmanci daga ra'ayi na yiwuwar tsari na sigogi kayyade tsanani na gogayya sassa.

Anti-gogayya polymer abu

Modern polymeric kayan sa ya yiwu don saya sabon fasaha da kuma cika sassa na rage gogayya. Matsayin tushe za a iya amfani, da kuma kumshin gami, da kuma garin ƙarfe. Daya daga cikin na farko bayãnin hukuncin halaye na wadannan kayan ne da ikon zuwa ko'ina rarraba da ƙari cikin tsarin, wanda zai ci gaba da aiki a matsayin wani m man shafawa. A jerin irin wannan abubuwa ce graphites, sulphides, robobi da sauran mahadi. The aiki Properties na polymer kayan da antifriction sun fi mayar da converge a tushe matakin ba tare da kwatanta: wannan kananan coefficient na gogayya da kuma juriya ga amsawa muhallin, da kuma ikon aiki a mai ruwa-ruwa matsakaici. Idan muka magana game da musamman halaye na polymers iya yin ayyuka ko da ba tare da ƙarfafa tare da musamman man shafawa.

Aikace-aikace na kayan kare da gogayya

Mafi yawa daga cikin anti-gogayya abubuwa asali lasafta a kan yin amfani da qazanta kungiyoyin. Daga cikin su akwai bayani tsara don bunkasa lalacewa juriya, da kuma gyara, zamewa. A Machine da kuma irin kayayyakin da ake amfani da su a yi na engine pistons jinkirta kullin, turbines da kuma kama. D. nan akai kaya antifriction kayan dauki kashi zamiya bearings wanda aka gabatar a cikin tsarin da shasi da tukwãne kayan aiki.

A yi masana'antu, ma, ba ba tare da anti-gogayya aiki. Amfani da irin wannan sassa suna ƙarfafa aikin injiniya Tsarin, da hawa Tsarin da masonry kayan. A yi na Railways ana amfani da shigarwa na tsarin abubuwa na mirgina stock. Common da yin amfani da antifriction abu a kan polymeric akai, wanda sami wurin da suke, kamar wani dauri tsarin pulleys, giya, bel tafiyarwa da kuma kama. D.

ƙarshe

gogayya rage aiki ne kawai a farko kallo kuma zai iya ze sakandare da kuma sau da yawa na tilas. Inganta lubricating ruwaye gaske zai kawar da wasu daga cikin sunadaran da goyon bayan fasaha abubuwa, rage sa a kan core aiki kungiyar. Tsallakawa mahada daga gargajiya babbit modified high man shafawa za a iya ambata antifriction polymeric kayan halin da softer tsarin da kuma versatility cikin sharuddan da aikin yanayi. Duk da haka, aikin na karfe sassa a high matsa lamba da kuma ta jiki tasiri har yanzu na bukatar hada da m anti-gogayya gammaye. Bugu da ƙari, wannan aji na kayan da aka ba kawai kafe a baya, amma kuma tasowa saboda inganta karfin halaye, taurin kuma inji kwanciyar hankali.