Alli fasali. alli Properties. alli dabara

Daga cikin dukan abubuwa na lokaci-lokaci tsarin da dama daga cikin wadannan, ba tare da wanda ba kawai ci gaba da dama cututtuka a rayayyun kwayoyin halitta, amma a general ba shi yiwuwa a rayuwa a al'ada rayuwa da kuma girma. Daya daga cikin wadannan - alli.

Abin sha'awa, a lõkacin da ta zo ga wannan karfe mai sauki abu, cewa babu wani amfani, ya aikata ba ga wani mutum, ko cutarwa. Duk da haka, daya yana da kawai a ambaci ions Ca ^2+, kamar yadda directed akwai da yawa da maki cewa fahince su muhimmanci.

alli matsayi a cikin lokaci-lokaci tsarin

Halaye na alli, kazalika da wani kashi fara da matsayi na matsayi a cikin lokaci-lokaci tsarin. Bayan duk, shi ya ba da damar koya da yawa game da wannan zarra:

• lura da tsakiya.
• yawan electrons da protons, neutrons.
• hadawan abu da iskar shaka jihar, mafi girma da kuma mafi ƙasƙanci.
• electron sanyi da kuma sauran muhimman abubuwa.

A batun kafin mu ne kashi a karo na hudu lokaci, wani babban na biyu kungiyar, babban kungiyar kuma yana da serial number 20. Har ila yau, da sinadaran lokaci-lokaci tebur nuna atomic nauyi na alli - 40,08, wanda shi ne da talakawan darajar data kasance isotopes na wani ba zarra.

A mataki na hadawan abu da iskar shaka shi kadai, shi ne ko da yaushe akai, shi ne daidaita biyu. Formula mafi girma oxide Cao. The Latin sunan ga kashi alli, Saboda haka da alama Ca kwayoyin halitta.

Halaye na alli a matsayin mai sauki abu

Karkashin al'ada yanayi da rabi ne wani karfe, da azurfa-farin launi. alli a matsayin mai sauki abu na dabara - ca. Saboda babban sinadaran aiki da yake iya kafa wani jam'i na mahadi na zuwa daban-daban azuzuwan.

A m jihar a cikin mutum kwayoyin da aka ba hada da, Saboda haka muhimmanci ga masana'antu da kuma fasaha amfani (yafi sinadaran syntheses).

Shi ne daya daga cikin mafi kowa na da rabo a cikin ƙasa ta ɓawon burodi karfe, game da 1.5%. Yana nufin da kungiyar alkaline duniya, tun lokacin da narkewa a cikin ruwa da ake samu wani Alkali, amma aka samu a yanayi a cikin nau'i na mahara ma'adanai da kuma salts. A yawa na alli (400 MG / l) yana kunshe a cikin abun da ke ciki na teku ruwa.

crystal raga

alli siffofin bayyana crystal raga tsarin cewa zai iya zama na biyu iri (tun can ne alpha da beta form):

• cubic granetsentricheskaya.
• obemnotsentricheskaya.

Relationship irin a cikin kwayoyin - wani karfe, a raga, kamar duk - ƙarfe zarra ions.

Kasancewa a cikin yanayin

Akwai da dama na asali abubuwa a yanayi wanda dauke da wannan kashi.

1. Seawater.
2. Rocks da kuma ma'adanai.
3. Rayayyun kwayoyin halitta (bawo da bawo, kasusuwa da sauransu).
4. Ground ruwa a cikin ƙasa ta ɓawon burodi.

Yana iya nuna a fakaice da wadannan iri kankara da kuma ma'adanai da suke da na halitta kafofin alli.

1. Dolomite - cakuda alli carbonate da magnesium.
2. Fluorite - alli fluoride.
3. Gypsum - CaSO ₄ · 2h ₂ O.
4. Calcite - alli, farar ƙasa, marmara - alli carbonate.
5. Alabaster - CaSO ₄ · 0.5H ₂ O.
6. Apatity.

Total ware game da 350 daban-daban ma'adanai ne da duwatsu wanda dauke da alli.

Hanyar ga shirye-shiryen

Yana kasa warke da karfe na dogon lokaci a cikin wani free tsari, tun da reactivity ne high a cikin yanayi a tsarkake form ba za a iya samu. Saboda haka, har da XIX karni (1808), da kashi a tambaya ya da wani asiri, wanda yana dauke da lokaci-lokaci tebur.

Alli a matsayin karfe ya iya haduwa da Turanci sunadarai Gemfri Devi. Shi ne na farko gano fasali na hulda da melts ma'adanai da kuma salts daga lantarki. Don kwanan har yanzu mafi dacewa wajen samun wannan ne electrolysis wani karfe gishiri daga gare ta, kamar:

• cakuda na alli da potassium chlorides.
• cakuda alli fluoride da chloride.

Shi ne kuma zai yiwu a cire alli oxide daga shi ta hanyar da kowa a metallurgy aluminothermy Hanyar.

jiki Properties

alli fasali na jiki sigogi za a iya bayyana a dama da maki.

1. Jihar na tari - m karkashin yanayi na yanayi.
2. Narkewa batu - 842 ⁰ C.
3. Metal taushi, za a iya yanka da wuka.
4. Launi - silvery fari, m.
5. Madugu kuma yana da kyau zafi-gudanar da kaddarorin.
6. Tsawo dumama sabobin tuba zuwa wani ruwa, sa'an nan tururi jihar, rasa da kaddarorin karfe. Tafasar batu na 1484 ⁰ C.

Jiki Properties na alli da daya alama. Lokacin da karfe ne a karkashin matsin lamba, shi a wasu lokaci hasarar da ƙarfe dũkiyarsu da kuma ikon watsin. Duk da haka, tare da kara karuwa a fiddawa an rage da kuma sake bayyana kanta a matsayin superconductor, shi ne sau da yawa ya fi girma fiye da sauran abubuwa na wadannan Manuniya.

sinadaran Properties

The aiki na karfe ne sosai high. Saboda haka, akwai mutane da yawa interactions, a cikin abin da alli ya shiga. Halayen da ba-karafa duk domin shi - na kowa abu, saboda matsayin rage wakili, ya ke da karfi.

1. Karkashin al'ada yanayi shi ne readily ya mayar da martani ta samar da jerin binary mahadi da: halogens, oxygen.
2. Bayan dumama, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, silicon, phosphorus, boron, sulfur, da sauransu.
3. Waje nan da nan ya mayar da martani tare da carbon dioxide da oxygen, don haka ya rufe m Bloom.
4. Acid reacts violently, wani lokaci tare da kumburi.

Ban sha'awa Properties na alli bayyana a lokacin da ta je masa a cikin abun da ke ciki na salts. Saboda haka, da kyau kogo stalactites da stalagmites, abin da girma a kan rufi, kuma ganuwar, bã kõme ba ne kamar yadda alli carbonate, kafa da lokaci na ruwa, carbon dioxide da hydrogen da matakai cikin ruwan karkashin kasa.

Ganin yadda aiki karfe a cikin al'ada jihar, ci gaba da shi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, kazalika da alkaline. A wani duhu gilashin ganga tare da wani shãfe haske murfi da karkashin Layer na kananzir ko paraffin.

Ingantaccen dauki kan alli ion - bira kala a cikin wani kyau, cikakken tubali-ja launi. Har ila yau gano karfe mahadi za a iya hada wani insoluble hazo wasu da salts (alli carbonate, fluoride, sulfate, phosphate, silicate, sulfite).

ƙarfe mahadi

Iri Wadannan karfe mahadi:

• oxide.
• hydroxide.
• alli gishiri (talakawan, acidic, asali, biyu, hadaddun).

Alli oxide da aka sani a matsayin quicklime. Cao ake amfani da su haifar da wani gini abu (lemun tsami). Idan oxide ice ruwa, mun samu daidai hydroxide, Alkali tasowa Properties.

Na girma m muhimmancin ne daban-daban alli salts, wanda ake amfani da daban-daban sassa na tattalin arziki. Mene ne akwai gishiri, da muka ambata a sama. Mun bayar da wasu misalai daga wadannan iri mahadi.

1. Medium gishiri - carbonate CaCO _3, phosphate Ca ₃ (PO _{4) 2} da sauransu.
2. Acid - sulfate CaHSO _4.
3. Key - hydrogencarbonate (CaOH) ₃ PO _4.
4. Complex - [Ca (NH _{3) 8]} CL _2.
5. Dual - 5Ca (NO _{3) 2} * NH ₄ NO ₃ * 10H ₂ O.

Shi ne a cikin nau'i na mahadi wannan aji na alli da muhimmanci ga nazarin halittu tsarin, a matsayin tushen ions ga jiki ne salts.

A nazarin halittu rawa

Mene ne muhimmancin alli ga jikin mutum? Akwai dalilai da dama.

1. Shi ne wannan kashi ions wani bangare ne na intercellular abu, da kuma nama ruwa, musharaka a cikin tsari na zumudi sunadaran hormone da neurotransmitters.
2. Alli accumulates a kasũsuwa, ashe, hakori enamel a wani adadin game da 2.5% na jimlar jiki nauyi. Wannan shi ne quite mai yawa da kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a karfafa wadannan Tsarin, rikewa da ƙarfi da kwanciyar hankali. Girmancin na da kwayoyin shi yiwuwa ba tare da shi.
3. Jini clotting ne ma dogara a kan gani ions.
4. Yana da wani ɓangare na zuciya tsoka da halartar ta zumudi da ƙanƙancewa.
5. Shin wata ƙungiya zuwa matakai na exocytosis da sauran kwayuka canje-canje.

Idan adadin alli ci ne bai isa ba, shi ne zai yiwu a ci gaba da cututtuka kamar:

• rickets.
• osteoporosis.
• jini cututtuka.

A kullum kudi ga ya fara tasawa - 1,000 MG, da kuma yara daga 9 shekaru na 1300 MG. Domin kauce wa wani ragi a jikin wannan kashi kamata ba ƙetare nuna kashi. In ba haka ba, za ka iya ci gaba hanji cuta.

Domin duk wani abu mai rai alli ba kasa muhimmanci. Alal misali, mutane da yawa kwaro , ko ba su da wani kwarangwal, amma waje wajen karfafa su kamar yadda su ne da karfe tsarin. Daga cikin su:

• Shellfish.
• mussels da oysters.
• Sponges.
• murjani polyps.

All suka sa a kan bãyayyakinsu, ko bisa manufa, an kafa a wani tsari na rayuwa exoskeleton abin da na tsare su daga waje ke tsoma da kuma yara. Babban bangaren shi - alli gishiri.

Vertebrate dabbobi, kamar mutane, bukatar da za a dauke ions ga al'ada girma da kuma ci gaba da kuma samun su daga abinci.

Alli-dauke da magunguna

Akwai da yawa zabin da taimakon wanda shi ne mai yiwuwa a yi har da samarwar kashi a cikin al'ada jiki. Fi dacewa, ba shakka, na halitta hanyoyin - kayayyakin dauke da ake so zarra. Duk da haka, idan har bisa wani dalili shi ne ba zai yiwu ba, ko kasa, da kiwon lafiya hanya ne kuma m.

Saboda haka, jerin kayayyakin dauke da alli, kamar wannan:

• madara da madara kayayyakin.
• kifi.
• ganye.
• hatsi (buckwheat, shinkafa, da yin burodi dukan alkama).
• wasu 'ya'yan itatuwa Citrus (lemu, tangerines).
• wake.
• All kwayoyi (musamman almonds da walnuts).

Idan a kan wasu abinci alerji ko ba zai iya yin amfani da su ga wani sauran dalili, da cika matakin da ake so kashi a cikin jiki zai taimaka da alli-dauke da kwayoyi.

Dukan su ne karfe salts suke iya iya digested, da sauri sharkaf up a jini da hanji. Daga gare su ne mafi mashahuri da kuma amfani ne da wadannan.

1. alli chloride - Magani ga allura ko na baka gwamnati zuwa manya da yara. Daban-daban taro na gishiri a cikin abun da ke ciki amfani ga "zafi Shots" tun da shi yana sa a ji a lokacin da vkalyvaniem. Akwai siffofin da ruwan 'ya'yan itace ga sauƙaƙe ingestion.
2. Alli gluconate. Samuwa kamar yadda katsin (0.25 ko 0.5 g), da kuma mafita ga igiyar jini allura. Sau da yawa a cikin nau'i na kwayoyi ya hada da daban-daban da 'ya'yan itace dadin dandano.
3. Alli lactate - samuwa a allunan 0.5 g