Aikawa to Turkey daga Rasha: fasali, dokoki da kuma jerin. Export na kaya daga Turkey zuwa Rasha

2015 ya da wani sauyi a kasa da kasa tattalin arziki dake tsakanin Rasha da kuma Turkey. A impetus ga ci gaban da rikici ya keta sararin samaniyar Turkiyya iyakoki Su-24 Rasha jirgin sama wanda ya dauki kashi a cikin anti-yan ta'adda yaƙin neman zaɓe a Siriya da kuma aka baya harbe saukar da soja. A sakamakon irin wannan mataki Ankara shi ne gabatarwar Moscow ta takunkumi a kan wasu kaya iri iri, da kuma ayyuka da fitar dashi daga Turkey.

Kullum takunkumi ayyuka da Ankara da aka gabatar a watan Nuwamba 2015 da umurnin da shugaban kasar Rasha. A mafi cikakken shirin rage samar da kaya daga Turkey zuwa Rossiykuyu Federation da aka ci gaba da gwamnatin a cikin dacewa yanke shawara.

Mene ne hane-hane hõre ta a cikin fitarwa na Rasha kaya daga Turkey

Taƙaitawa a kan fitar da kaya daga Jamhuriyar Turkey da Rasha Federation yafi shafa amfanin gona kayayyakin. Wadannan sun hada da tumatir, inabi, tangerines, lemu, cucumbers, kabeji, albasa, apricots, peaches, plums, strawberries, strawberry. Bugu da kari, ba a yarda ya shigo gishiri, cloves (furanni), gawawwakin turkeys, kaji da offal daga gare su, abin taunawa.

A 2015, wata babbar adadin abinci, wanda aka haramta daga ana shigo da zuwa Rasha, aka amfani. Irin wannan mataki, bisa ga mutane da yawa, shi ne ba daidai ba. A wancan lokaci, kamar yadda raba Categories 'yan ƙasa ne cikin talauci, kaza,' ya'yan itatuwa Citrus, sweets, shigo da daga Turkey, an kawai hallaka.

Taƙaitawa a fagen kiwon kifi

A ran matakan da cewa za a iya amfani da su matsa lamba a kan Turkish tattalin arzikin sun yiwu hani a kan fitarwa na kifi daga Jamhuriyar Turkey a karshen shekarar 2015. Masana sun yarda da cewa takunkumi zai iya shafar kawai premium kashi na kamun kifi kayayyakin ba ya shafar batutuwan mabukaci kwando.

The main iri abincin teku fitar dashi daga Turkey ne teku bass da tẽku bream, da ikon yinsa, daga amfani yana da iyaka ga gidajen cin abinci a Rasha. Wannan ne mai matukar kananan kashi na kasuwar, sabili da haka asarar da Rasha Federation da Jamhuriyar Turkey zai zama kadan.

Don kwanan wata, Turkey kifi fitarwa zuwa Rasha ba ya hana, da kuma inganta harkokin kasuwanci dangantakar a cikin wannan fanni.

Biya da Jamhuriyar Turkey

Ganin cewa fitarwa hani hõre ta Rasha Federation of kayayyakin da wani gagarumin tasiri a kan girma na Turkish fitarwa zuwa Rasha, adalci ya sa ran da martani na Ankara matakai wajen m kaya. Bayan duk, waje huldar cinikaiya na wadannan kasashe dangane da moriyar juna fitarwa-shigo da dangantakar.

Don kwanan wata, Turkey retaliatory takunkumi a kan Rasha Federation ba shiga. Wannan matsayi na Ankara yayi Magana game da wani yiwu daidaita dangantakar dake tsakanin jihohin biyu.

Export na kaya daga Turkey zuwa Rasha

A abin da rabbai aka za'ayi a 2015, da fitarwa daga Turkish dukiya da Rasha kasuwar? Aikawa daga Turkey zuwa Rasha (jerin dukiya) da aka bayar a kasa:

• Zaki ya share na fitarwa na Turkish dukiya dokoki kayayyakin abinci da kuma noma, raw kayan - fiye da 30% na jimlar Turkish fitarwa zuwa Rasha ( 'ya'yan itatuwa Citrus, kwayoyi, tumatir, sunflower tsaba).
• Fourth na Turkish fitarwa kayayyakin asusu na mota kayayyakin (motocin da kuma da na'urorin haɗi).
• Game da 20% na fitar da kayayyakin da bautarka yadi kayayyakin (tufafi, takalma).
• Da rabo daga sunadarai a cikin fitarwa tsarin ne 12% (roba kayayyakin, soaps da ƙuna).
• Metal kayayyakin da ake fitar dashi a cikin wani adadin daidai shida cikin dari.
• Ma'adanai da su kayayyakin zauna 2% na jimlar.

Aikawa to Turkey daga Rasha

A mafi muhimmanci yanki na fitarwa zuwa Turkey daga Rasha ne makamashi. The Russian Federation shekaru da yawa samar da gwaji kundin na gas zuwa Turkish yankuna. A gaskiya ma, Rasha "maida hankali ne akan" 60% na dukkan makamashin da bukatun. Ankara ne ba su da sha'awar a canja halin da ake ciki, domin a wannan lokacin da wasu ne don haka abin dogara da kuma araha kafofin na da irin wannan man fetur ba. Gas na hadin gwiwa da Amurka ta kasance sosai alamar rahama. The Russian Federation aka shirin gina wani raba bututun. Duk da haka, aikin bai fara.

A matsayi na biyu shi ne shagaltar da fitarwa bayarwa na zafi-birgima da dokoki fiye da goma sha tara bisa dari na jimlar shigo da Turkey karfe. A wannan yankin, Turkey, a Janairu aka gudanar da wani anti-dumping gudanar da bincike, da sakamakon wanda aka sanya kalamai a kan cewa da Rasha metallurgical kamfanoni suna zuba a cikin Turkish kasuwar. Wannan halin da ake ciki take kaiwa zuwa wani karu a cikin gasa na gida masana'antun na karfe. A cewar Rasha steelmakers, irin zargin da suke groundless da shibtarsu da ya fi karfinsu na siyasa halin da ake ciki.

Manyan kundin (fitarwa zuwa Turkey daga Rasha) sun kasance a cikin hatsi kasuwar. Tun 2010, da rates bambanta a cikin 15-17% na jimlar yawan fitar dashi hatsi. Duk da wuya dangantakar dake tsakanin jihohin biyu a yau daga Rasha hatsi fitarwa zuwa Turkey da za'ayi. All sanya hannu kwangilar a kan fitarwa na Rasha hatsi suna da za'ayi, haka ma, suna sabon.

Wajibi ne a nuna cewa a cikin Baya ga sama kungiyoyin na kaya, da fitar da kaya zuwa Turkey na Rasha soja kayayyakin ma ya nuna, ba a hukumance da jama'ar, amma wani gagarumin rabo daga cikin jimlar girma. Overall, Rasha ta rabo a cikin Turkey ta fitar da kaya ne a kusa da 10%.

A zuba jari bangaren na Rasha-Turkish rikici

Dogon lokacin da cinikayya tsakanin Rasha Federation da Jamhuriyar Turkey, Mun halitta mai m sauyin yanayi ga moriyar zuba jari ayyukan a garesu. Kundin na zuba jari a cikin tattalin arzikin na kasashen adawa a yau aka kiyasta a $ miliyan 500 tare da Baturke gefen kuma 1,75 dala miliyan daga Rasha. Musamman matsala ga Rasha makamashi kansu zuba jari saura. Kamfanin "Lukoil", "Inter rao" da "Rosatom" muhimmanci kashe a cikin makamashi kansu na Turkey.

A dangane da rikici tsakanin Rasha da kuma Turkey matsala batun ne da saye a 2012 da Rasha "Sberbank" Turkish DenizBank. A karshen shekarar 2015, da Rasha na biyu na "Sberbank" Ya manyan mukamai Turkish banki masana'antu da kuma hidima fiye da miliyan 5 abokan ciniki.

Soja rikici muhimmanci shafi tattalin arziki da halin da ake ciki kasashen biyu. Sphere shafi cikin gabatarwar anti-Turkish takunkumi, za su iya bayyana a kasa.

yawon shakatawa

Shugaban umurnin da ikirarin gabatar da wani a zahiri shine ban a kan yawon shakatawa a Turkiyya. Ganin yanayin damina da Baturke Jamhuriyar, da ya kwarara daga yawon bude ido daga Rasha zuwa wannan kasa ba yanka a lokacin da dukan kalanda shekara. Irin asarar da ga sana'ar yawon shakatawa na Turkey trudnovospolnimy. A kudi sharuddan da kasar ta rasa game da $ 10 biliyan kowace shekara.

yi Kansu

A wuri na musamman a cikin tsarin fitarwa na kaya daga Turkey zuwa Rasha zauna cikin kayan gini da cewa sosai nasara Rasha masu amfani. Amma mafi m ya da ban a kan amfani, kamfanin ta sabis, da iko da wanda ake da za'ayi ta Turkish 'yan ƙasa. Sai ya zama m saboda gaskiyar cewa waje yi kamfanoni sun tabbatar da kansu ga shekarun da suka gabata tare da mafi kyau hannu.

A ban a kan kowane irin shiri da sabis don Turkish kamfanonin ne a ri hani ga kara raya wannan fanni a Rasha a matsayin dukan. Mitigating factor ne cewa kwangila sanya hannu tare da Turkiya da kamfanoni har Disamba 31, 2015, za a aiwatar a full.

A sakamakon na danniyan daga takunkumi

Cinikayya tsakanin Rasha da kuma Turkey shekaru da dama da a ci gaba da harkokinta. Wannan al'amari aka tabbatar da janar kayayyaki yawa a tsakanin kasashen biyu bisa sakamakon da 2014. Janar tsare-tsaren na fadada daga cinikayya envisaged kara yawa har zuwa 2023 zuwa girma na 100 dala biliyan. Kuma shi ya real. A hakikanin na yau ne da cewa karuwa a yawa ba ya faru, da kuma a kan fuskarsa wani gagarumin ƙi.

Ƙarin tsanani na siyasa tsakanin kasashen ta shafa a unrealized aikin domin gina Black Sea bututun iskar gas "Turkish Stream". A sakamakon gabatarwar takunkumi da Rasha da Turkiya za a ji a karshen shekara ta 2016. Duk da haka, a yau, a fili yake cewa irin wannan ayyuka za su ba da damar jam'iyyun biyu ya sarrafa da kasuwanni ga dukiya da kuma ayyuka.

abin da sakamako

Yana canza tsarin da Rasha fitarwa zuwa Turkey, wanda ya rinjayi da karuwa a farashin. Ga talakawa Russia irin wannan takunkumi asali "zube a kan" a cikin Yunƙurin a farashin da 'ya'yan itace da kayan lambu. Bugu da kari, irin wannan mataki don kawar da tilasta Turkish masana'antun da abinci kasuwar za su bunkasa cikin smuggling.

A tabbatacce al'amari a tsawwala takunkumi ne gaskiya cewa wucin gadi ragewan concurrency dokin zai ba da damar m masana'antun su dauki komai a alkuki kayayyakin abinci. Duk da haka, akwai wani ajiya. Bayan duk, kasuwar yanayi kamata ya ɗauka live gasar cewa Halicci lafiya da kuma ingancin samfurin.

Rasha - Turkey (shigo - fitarwa)

A lokacin da nazarin da data na farko watanni na shekara ta 2016 shi za a iya bayyana cewa gabatarwar abinci takunkumi a kan Turkey ya jagoranci wani digo in Turkish fitarwa zuwa Rasha fiye da 64%. Har ila yau, akwai lokatan gagarumin canje-canje a cikin ma'auni na shigo da ga Turkey na Rasha kaya. Idan a 2015 da Rasha Federation ya faru amincewa a saman goma sayo kasashen Ankara kayayyakin, a yau rates sun ki muhimmanci.

Kamar yadda furuci da Turkish masana, da tabarbarewar dangantaka tsakanin Rasha da kuma Turkey iya zama daraja a karo na biyu game da 0.3-0.4% na GDP. Haramcin a kan wani ɓangare na Ankara da kusan wadanda ba babu, da kuma Moscow ta sanya gagarumin hane-hane. Duk da haka, ya ki fitar da kaya zuwa Turkey daga Rasha.

Ana fatan cewa nan da nan da na siyasa rikici za a warware. Bi da bi, da tattalin arziki da halin da ake ciki zai inganta da kuma, fitarwa da kuma shigo da daga Rasha da kuma Turkey zama guda.