Game sharhi Dzhon Nesh

Dzhon Nesh ya zama yadu da aka sani a ko'ina cikin duniya godiya ga movie "A Beautiful Zuciya." Shi ne abin mamaki m, tuhuma da bangaskiya a cikin ikon ɗan adam baiwa, rai-tsantsan movie. Wannan biopic, film buga film-samu. Yana gabatar da viewer a cikin duniyar nan gaba, inda hankali aiki abubuwan al'ajabi. Poignant interweaving na hauka da baiwa a hadin kai da kuma gwagwarmaya. Tarin "Oscars" - shaida wannan. Halitta da wannan lissafi, game ka'idar ya juya juye harsãshin gini ga kamfanoni kasuwanci. 27 shafuna doctoral rubutun Nash da irin wannan tasiri a kan al'umma da kuma tattalin arziki, kamar yadda wata 21 page doctoral rubutun a kan Einstein ta msar tambayar kimiyyar lissafi.

A ka'idar Adam Smith, wanda bisa ga al'ada haka ci gaban da wani sassaucin ra'ayi bourgeois jama'a, idan aka kwatanta da yadda ta duba Dzhon Nesh, ya dubi kodadde, ba na ba da bayãnin hukuncin da yawa zamani mamaki. The sama theories suna da alaka da su a cikin hanyar matsayin biyu-girma lissafi ne kawai a tsarin cikin tsari na uku girma.

qaddamarwa

John aka haife kan 13.06.1928, a Bluefield (West Virginia). A makaranta ya ba wani "nerd", ya yi karatu matsakaici. Bisa ga harafin - wani mugun, m.

Tunanin wani nan gaba lissafi (bambanci lissafi da kuma ka'idar wasanni) ba su son makaranta batun. A wannan mataki, duk abin da a da shi ya m matsakaici. Kamar yadda idan da hankali barci da kuma jira domin tura. Kuma har yanzu ya zo.

A shekaru 14, wani saurayi ya fadi a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin littafin "halittãwa da lissafi" ya takwararta Erika Bella, lissafi da kuma marubucin na almarar kimiyya. A littafin ne sosai authentically bayyana rai daga cikin manyan lissafi na dalili da kuma taimako don ci gaba.

Abin da ya faru a lokacin da karanta su littattafai? Wanda ya san ... amma shi ya kasance kamar qaddamarwa, bayan wanda har zuwa wannan sosai talakawan "m" dalibi Dzhon Nesh niyyar ba zai yiwu ba zato ba tsammani don wasu tabbatar Fermat ta kadan Theorem. Malkisadik shã'aninku layman yana da kadan to ce. Amma imani da ni, shi ne mu'ujiza. Tare da abin da shi za a iya kwatanta? Zai yiwu haka, kamar yadda idan lardin mai son actor juya sama da hali, da kuma shi ne mai girma wasa alƙarya a cikin babban birnin kasar.

Polytechnic Institute

Mahaifinsa (dan ninninkuwa sunansa) an ilimi mutum, sai ya yi aiki a matsayin lantarki injiniya a wani kasuwanci kamfanin. Iyaye bayan hujja da Fermat ta Lãhira Theorem bayyane yake Dzhon Nesh, Jr. zai zama wani masanin kimiyya.

Wasu m bincike bude wide ƙofar wani Guy a wani fairly babbar Polytechnic Institute, Carnegie, inda wani saurayi na farko ya zabi sunadarai, sa'an nan da tattalin arzikin duniya da kuma karshe kafa kanta a cikin marmarin in zama lissafi. Ya samu diplomas, tuzuru da ubangijinsa digiri, ya yi daidai da sana'a "Irfanin da kuma aiyuka lissafi".

Don koyon yadda za ka mai godiya ga institute malamai, ya ce shawarwarin bayar da malami Richard Duffin kudin shiga ga Princeton University. A nan ne da rubutu a cike da kuma verbatim: "Wannan Guy - mai baiwa!"

Princeton University

Kuma duk da haka godiya ba shawarwari, da kuma brilliantly shige Nazarin ya shiga Jami'ar Dzhon Nesh. Biography of shi yayin da samar da alama cewa ya gaske makoma jagoranci. Yadda shi bayyana?

Shi abin da bai sani ba shi ne kawai shekaru tara kafin bi da bi, a lokacin da hauka ga shekara talatin da za a rufe ta duhu shroud na paranoid schizophrenia daga waje duniya, shi crosses daga jama'a, halaka iyalansu, kawar da ayyukan yi da kuma gidajensu.

Sun mutane kawai ba su san yadda kuma bai san inda kudin layi ya raba baiwa da hauka. Ya farincikin gaishe da gabatar da sabon kimiyya na wasan ka'idar, brainchild na tattalin arziki Morgenstern da Yahaya von Neumann, kuma nan da nan ya dauki sama da kife gwajin ra'ayi. Shekaru ashirin da baiwa ya iya da kansa samar da muhimman hakkokin kayan aikin na wasan ka'idar, kuma a cikin shekaru 21 da ya kammala aikin a kan m doctoral sabawa rubuce-rubucensu.

Inda matasa likita ya kusan kimiyya a san cewa, bayan shekaru 45 da ka'idar Dzhona Nesha Nobel Prize za a iya kimanta? A Company bukatar kusan rabin karni, na gane cewa shi ne mai nasara!

aiki

Sosai a farkon a cikin shekaru 1950-1953., At 22-25-shekara masanin kimiyya fara wani lokaci na m balaga. Ya rubuta da dama da muhimman hakkokin ayyukansu a kan haka da ake kira ka'idar wasanni tare da wani nonzero jimla. Mene ne wannan? Lura za ka sami daga baya a cikin wannan labarin.

Dzhon Nesh - da lissafi shahara da cin nasara. Ga wurin aiki ne sosai babbar Massachusetts Cibiyar Harkokin Fasaha, located in Cambridge. Sa'an nan, ya murmushi luck: lamba tare da Rand Corporation propentagonovskoy. Ya ci abin da Unlimited kudade na Cold War, zama daya daga cikin manyan American masana a cikin hurumi.

Menene wasan ka'idar

Taimako zuwa wasan ka'idar cikin zamani tsari na al'umma da wuya a overestimate. Mene ne wata al'umma cikin sharuddan macroeconomics? The hulda da yawa 'yan wasa. Alal misali, tara kasuwanci, gwamnatin, gidaje. Ko a wannan Macro matakin, a fili yake cewa kowane daga cikinsu korarsu da tsarinsa.

Business yiwuwar karkata zuwa overstate su da riba, (utesnyaya gidaje), kuma domin rage haraji (underpaying State).

Jihar fa'ida don cika haraji (suppressing da kananan da kuma matsakaici kasuwanci) da ƙananan matakai na zamantakewa kariya (yanã fizge tufarsu support m segments na al'umma).

Gidaje dadi inflated zamantakewa goyon baya daga jihar da kuma m farashin kaya da kuma ayyuka da samar da kasuwanci.

Ta yaya za a iya samun wadannan Swan, Cancer kuma Pike tare da kuzari ja a keken, da sunan wanda - kamfanin? Yana ma'anar wasan ka'idar.

Brainchild na Dzhona Nesha - matsalar tare da wadanda ba sifili Naira Miliyan Xari

The sama aji na matsaloli inda riba na daya jam'iyyar da aka rasa da sauran, ya kira matsalar a sifili-jimla. Yana san yadda za a lissafta da Morgenstern da von Neumann. Duk da haka, tuna cewa wannan aji na matsaloli Ya halitta kayan aikin da na ra'ayi na'ura na Dzhon Nesh.

Amma m lissafi a kan wannan model ba tsaya, shi ya tabbatar da mafi m ayyuka na wani aji (sifili-ware Naira Miliyan Xari). Alal misali, rikici management da kwadago, da yin bukatun tada albashi.

Ƙara da halin da ake ciki ta hanyar dogon yajin, bangarorin biyu za su sha hasarori. Lokacin amfani da kwadago da kuma gwamnati, da manufa dabarun, da waɗanda kuma wasu za su kasance a cikin nasara. Wannan halin da ake ciki da aka kira wadanda ba m ma'auni ko Nash ma'auni. (Wannan irin matsaloli ne diplomasiyya al'amurran da suka shafi, cinikayya yaƙe-yaƙe.)

Yau m jama'a ya nuna da gaske iyaka iri-iri na interactions da daban-daban 'yan wasan kwaikwayo. Kuma kusan dukkan su amenable to ilmin lissafi analysis a matsayin matsalar da wadanda ba sifili jimla.

Personal rai

Har da marigayi 50 ta nan gaba Nobel Prize lashe Dzhon Nesh hau ilimi tsani, da kuma, sai su yi magana, tsalle uku matakai. Babban ideas ba mutane zuwa gare shi. Coldly da cynically da ya bi ya ƙaunace shi abokin aiki a MIT Eleanor Stier. Ba ta shãfe shi, kuma abin da ta haifa masa yaro. Ya kawai ba ikrari da ubanci. Ba zato ba tsammani, babu wani daga cikin tawagar tsakanin abokan aiki Nash da babu abokai. Ya kasance eccentric da kuma m, ya rayu a duniya da ƙirƙira by guda dabarbari ne. Duk da hankali da aka sadaukar domin abu daya - tasowa manufa dabarun.

Bukatarsa ce, ta wadãta manyan harkokin fasahar na Cold War, talatin Dzhon Nesh. Hoto da shi a cikin wadannan shekaru ya yi kama da hoto na actor wanda ya taka leda shi Rassela Krou. Gasi mai ruwan kasa da fasaha fuska da kuma m look. Fortune Magazine predicts ya daukaka da daraja. A watan Fabrairu 1957, ya auri Alicia man alade, suna da biyu shekaru bayyana dan Martin. Duk da haka, wannan ya zama alama tsororuwar takeoff aiki da kuma na sirri wellbeing John fara nuna bayyanar cututtuka na paranoid schizophrenia.

cuta

Next zuwa Dzhona Nesha fara wani mafarki mai ban tsoro: wani m insulin far a Trenton Jihar Hospital, sallama, saki bayan shekaru uku na rashin lafiya tare da matsananciyar Alicia man alade, yawo a kusa da hauka gidaje.

A 60 ta ya ji mafi alhẽri, kuma Eleanor Stier ya ba da rashin gida a rufi a kan su kai masanin kimiyya, ya shafe lokaci a tattaunawar da farko dan. Nash tunani ya murmurewa, kuma ya tsaya shan antipsychotic magani. A cuta koma.

Sa'an nan, a cikin '70s, ya bãyar da masauki, Alicia man alade. Abokan aiki ya ba shi wani aiki.

A hanya zuwa maida

A wannan bi da bi, ya lura cewa, da suke zaune a wani kawayeniya, maras kyau schizophrenia da paranoid duniya, da kuma fara yaƙi da cutar. Amma da yake ba wani likita ne kuma masanin kimiyya. Saboda haka, hannunwansa ya zama ba likita dabaru, da kuma ci gaba da kansa Game Theory. Kimiyance consistently yi yaƙi da paranoia Dzhon Nesh. Movie tare da Russell Crowe a cikin rawar da baiwa an nuna. Ya yi yaƙi da cutar a kusa da nan kowane lokaci, ba tare da jayayya, kamar yadda wani abokin gaba a wasan gaba na shirin rage ta chances na iyakance kewayon shanyewar jiki, da musun manufofi. A sakamakon wannan mafi muhimmanci a cikin rayuwarsa daga cikin jam'iyyar ya ci baiwa hauka: ya ya cimma m cikakkar minimization na wani m cutar.

A karshe, cikin dogon-jiran hukunci da aka mika saukar a shekarar 1990 da likitoci: Dzhon Nesh dawo dasu. Dole ne mu biya haraji a duniyar kimiyya na Amurka, da baiwa ne ba a manta bayan duk wadannan fiye da shekaru hamsin, sun yi amfani da kayayyakin aikin da ci gaba da Nash. A shekarar 1994, ya lashe kyautar Nobel (ga dalibi sabawa rubuce-rubucensu, rubuta a cikin shekaru 21!). A 2001, Nash sake daura da kulli da Alicia man alade. Yau, sanannen masanin kimiyyar ya ci gaba da kimiyya aiki a Princeton ofishin. Yana da sha'awa a cikin maras mike dabarun yin amfani da kwakwalwa.

ƙarshe

Wannan American baiwa - wani abin mamaki dukan mutumin, dukan rai - hujja da ka'idar wasanni. Ransa zo tare da babban rabo, soyayya da hauka, da kuma nasarar hankali kan paranoia. Domin bincike na da kewaye gaskiya Dzhon Nesh ya ko da yaushe ji dadin shi ɓullo da kansa a matsayin kimiyya kida.

A baiwa masanin kimiyya sosai a fili za a iya halin da magana Umberto Eco (labari "Foucault ta Pendulum"), cewa mai baiwa ne ko da yaushe wasa a kan wannan bangaren. Duk da haka, ya game - shi ne na musamman da kuma na musamman. Saboda a lokacin da ya taka a kan shi, sa'an nan amfani da duk sauran gyara.