Acid salts

Idan acid daya ko duk hydrogen atoms sauya ta wani cation, irin sinadaran abu kira gishiri. Metal ko ammonium kungiyar a wani kwayoyin ko da yaushe yana tabbatacce hadawan abu da iskar shaka jihar da kuma ake kira cations. Acid saura aka kira anion. All salts kafa tare da karafa cewa suna cikin Group IA na lokaci-lokaci tebur, suna narkewa. Game da salts kafa IIa kungiyar karafa, su solubility dabam.

Akwai matsakaici, idan duk da hydrogen kwayoyin a cikin polybasic acid da aka sauya ta wani cation, kazalika acid salts, idan, a Bugu da kari zuwa karfe cations ko ammonium ne ba a gaskiya ma cajin hydrogen. A matsayin misali, al'ada salts za a iya kawo sunayensu:

- magnesium sulfate MgSO4.

- aluminum sulphate Al2 (SO4) 3.

- ammonium phosphate (NH4) 3PO4.

- sodium carbonate Na2CO3.

Dissociation na salts matsakaici auku a cikin tabbatacce karfe cations da korau anions acid saura. Nadi talakawan salts samu daga wani acid da kuma sunayen ta kafa cation.

Acid salts ana kafa ta m canzawa na hydrogen a kan wani karfe ko ammonium kungiyar. Saboda haka, da suka kunshi wani karfe, hydrogen da wani acid saura. Su samuwar mai yiwuwa ne kawai domin polybasic acid. Misalai na irin wannan mahadi:

- sodium hydrogen carbonate NaHCO3.

- sodium dihydrogenphosphate NaH2PO4.

- sodium hydrogenphosphate Na2HPO4.

- potassium hydrogen sulfate KHSO4.

A cikin halin yanzu suna prefix "hydro" (idan daya unsubstituted hydrogen cation) ko "dihydro" (idan akwai biyu unsubstituted hydrogen cations).

The mai ruwa-ruwa mafita daga acid salts suna barranta zuwa korau anions a cikin nau'i na anions, kazalika da iri biyu m cations (karfe ions da hydrogen): NaHSO4 ↔ Na + + + + H SO4ˉ ˉ. Hydrolysis acidic salts kafa da karfi acid, mai ruwa-ruwa matsakaici yana da wani PH na kasa da 7, Saboda haka sunan wadannan salts. A hydrolysis na acid salts samu daga rauni acid (msl, hydrogen), da mafita ne tsaka tsaki ko alkaline, Ina nufin a PH na akalla 7.

Idan talakawan salts iya samu a sakamakon hulda da karfe tare da acid, da sauran hanyoyin, shirye-shiryen da acid salts dangane da dauki tare da wani wuce haddi na:

• wani polybasic acid da wani talakawan gishiri. Kamar wancan samu sodium hydrogensulfate: H2SO4 + Na2SO4 → 2NaHSO4, ruwa mai narkewa diammonium phosphate (NH4) 2HPO4: H3PO4 + 2NH3 → (NH4) 2HPO4 ko alli carbonate: CO2 + CaCO3 + H2O → Ca (HCO3) 2.

• wani polybasic acid tare da wani Alkali. Alal misali, bisa samu na dihydrogen ne barium dauki lissafi: 2H3PO4 + Ba (OH) 2 → Ba (H2PO4) 2 + 2H2O. Influencing da Alkali acid salts, tun suna kayayyakin na bai cika neutralization iya sami high gishiri sake.

• acidic oxide da Alkali haka samu alli carbonate: 2CO2 + Ca (OH) 2 → Ca (HCO3) 2.

An sani cewa hydrocarbons da basu wanzu a cikin abubuwa, ta ga dama a cikin lokaci-lokaci Table Groups IIa, kuma m hydrocarbons an samu kawai ga kungiyar IA abubuwa.

Gishiri ne yadu amfani a cikin daban-daban da masana'antu, amma wasu janar kwatance na amfani ne ba kamar yadda duk akayi daban-daban. Aikace-aikace na irin wannan gishiri dogara a kan kaddarorin sinadaran mahadi da aka ƙaddara da tattalin arziki yiwuwa.

Saboda haka, misali, ammonium hydrogenphosphate (NH4) 2HPO4 amfani da phosphorus-ammonium hadaddun taki a fannin aikin gona. Bugu da kari, wannan fili da ake amfani a yaki da gobara: da wuta kariya da suka aiwatar daban-daban Tsarin. Har ila yau, (NH4) 2HPO4 ana amfani da Additives a samar da wasu maki taba.

Sodium hydrosulfite NaHSO3 amfani ga bleaching na daban-daban kayan da hotuna.

Alli bisulfite Ca (HSO3) 2 ne mai muhimmanci da albarkatun kasa domin samar da cellulose daga itace.

Bisulfites da suke acidic salts na sulfurous acid, H2SO3, wani ɓangare na miyagun ƙwayoyi epinephrine, kuma an yi amfani da ilmin sanin kwayoyin halittu.

Hydrogensulfates KHSO4 da NaHSO4 sodium potassium ake amfani da matsayin juyi a ba ferrous metallurgy.

Sodium hydrogencarbonate NaHCO3 - abu, mafi yawan da aka sani acid Bugu da kari salts. Ya saki a Sterlitamak (kamfanin "Soda") bisa ga bayani dalla-dalla aka bayyana a cikin Gost 2156-76. Sodium bicarbonate aka yi amfani da abinci, da sinadaran da Pharmaceutical masana'antu, a magani da kuma a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum.