Abram Room: Tarihi da Filmography

Ya kasance darektan basira, mai mahimmanci kuma mai kula da harkokin kasuwanci. Ko da yaushe yana ƙoƙari ya nuna ƙaƙƙarfan mutum, don yalwata tunanin mutum, don haka ya ƙi kulawa da kwarewa da kwarewa na ban mamaki. Abram Rohm ya yi fina-finai inda dukkan hankali suke mayar da hankali kan wani mutum, matsalarsa da sirrin asiri. Bugu da} ari, darektan na neman sababbin hanyoyin da kuma siffofi a cikin fina-finai, wajen ƙoƙarin fadada iyakokin fasaha na al'ada. Abram Romm ya kwatanta wani dan wasan kwaikwayo na sana'a tare da masanin fasaha, wani na'ura wanda aka tsara tare da sababbin halittu na zamani ...

Domin shekarun aikinsa, birane uku sun zama masa ƙaunataccen 'yan ƙasa: Vilna, Saratov da Moscow. A lokacin da yaron ya wuce, a wani kuma ya sanya matakai na farko a cikin fasaha, kuma a cikin na uku ya kirkiro fina-finai mafi kyau. Duk da haka, Abram Romm ya zama shahararren ba wai kawai a matsayin darekta ba, shi ma ya kasance mai rubutun almara. Mene ne hanyar kirkirarsa da kuma fina-finai da ya kawo shi a cikin ƙasa? Bari muyi la'akari da wannan batu a cikin dalla-dalla.

Yara da matasa

Abram Matveyevich Room ne dan ƙasar Baltic birnin Vilna. An haife shi a ranar 28 ga Yuni, 1894.

Iyayensa masu arziki ne, saboda haka suna so dan su sami ilimi mai kyau. Yaro ya tafi gidan motsa jiki, sannan daga bisani ya tafi Petrograd Psychoneurological Institute. Bayan 'yan shekaru baya, yakin basasa ya fara a kasar, kuma saurayi ya shiga cikin wannan.

Farawa na aiki mai ban sha'awa

A ƙarshen shekaru goma na karni na karshe, Abram Room yana Saratov. A nan, a kan mataki na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Miniatures da ya bude, sai ya fara wasa na farko a karo na farko. Wani ɗan lokaci zai wuce, kuma saurayi zai kirkiro gidansa na Melpomene mai suna "Pigeon". Duk da haka, 'ya'yansa za a rufe su a baya, suna kallo a cikin aikin da ake amfani da su a cikin' yan Kungiyar philistinism, bourgeoisness da provincialism. Amma saurayi, wanda ya ilimin likita a Jami'ar Saratov, ya ci gaba da yin aikin kwarewa, na farko a matsayin malami na sashen zane-zane na gida, sannan kuma a matsayin jagorantar babban taron shakatawa na wasan kwaikwayo. Hakanan, gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo na Yara da Demonstration sun bukaci Abram Matveyevich don aiwatar da wasan kwaikwayon a matakin su, kuma saurayi ya yi farin ciki.

Da zarar Lunacharsky kansa lokacin da yake zaune a birnin a Volga ya ga wasan kwaikwayo na saurayi kuma ya yi farin ciki da su. Kwamishinan Ilimin Kasuwanci na Jama'a ya yi magana da masarautar farko kuma ya dage cewa Abram Room ya tafi babban birnin, inda zai iya cike da basirarsa.

A 1923 wani saurayi ya zo Moscow.

Kulawa a babban birnin

Da farko an yarda da shi matsayin darektan a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na juyin juya halin Musulunci, sannan ya zama malami a makarantar firamare na Higher Pedagogical na Babban Kwamitin Kasuwanci na Rasha. A hankali, ɗakin yana farfadowa da sha'awar wasan kwaikwayo. Ba da daɗewa ba saurayi ya gwada hannunsa a sabon filin.

Na farko aiki a kan saita

Ya kamata a lura cewa Abram Rohm, wanda tarihinsa ya ƙunshi abubuwa fiye da biyu a fina-finai, kuma ya yi aiki a kan zane-zane, wanda har yanzu ba a kammala ba.

A cikin shekarun da suka gabata na aikinsa ya yi ƙoƙari ya yi kira ga tsofaffi.

Ayyukansa na farko shi ne wasan kwaikwayo "Race ga vodka" (1924). A tsakiyar wasan kwaikwayon ne mai horar da ɗan kwalliya, wanda ya iya mika wa 'yan sanda ga watanni masu yawan gaske. Duk da haka, duk wannan yana faruwa a cikin mafarki. Abin takaici, wannan hoto na maestro ba ya tsira har zuwa zamaninmu. Sa'an nan kuma ya bi gajeren fim "Mene ne ya ce" Mos ", wannan zancen tambaya" (1924). Kuma wannan aikin, wanda Abram Rohm ya zama jagora da rubutun littafi, ba a kiyaye shi ba. Ma'anar hoton kuma ba a bayyana ba.

A 1926, maestro ya fara harkar fim din "Bay of Mutuwa." Duk da haka, labarin abubuwan da suka faru a kan jirgin "Swan" a lokacin yakin basasa, bai haifar da rahotannin ƙwararrun masu ba da labari ba. Ba na son fim da jami'an Soviet, wadanda suka ji cewa marubucin ya yi kokarin bayyana batutuwa masu rikitarwa.

Farko na farko

Tsarki ya tabbata ga Abram Matveyevich bayan sakin teb din "Na uku Meshchanskaya" (1927). A ciki, ya sanya mutumin da jin dadinsa a gaba. Labarin ƙaunataccen ƙauna yana jin dadin masu kallo na Soviet maras amfani. Abram Rohm, wanda fina-finai ya zama kundin fina-finai na Soviet, ya nuna a fili yadda mace zata iya ji daɗi ga maza biyu a lokaci guda, ga mutanen da suka kasance abokai a tsakaninsu. Amma a karshe hoto na wata mace da barin duka biyu. Duk da haka, hukumomi ba su kasance masu sha'awar masu sauraro ba, suna duban hoton da nisa daga ra'ayoyin zamantakewar al'umma.

A cikin ƙarshen shekarun 1920 Abram Rohm, wanda labarinsa ya cancanta a duba shi, ya kawar da wani hoto wanda ba shi da fahimta ga hukumomin Soviet. Tambaya ce ta "Ragewa wanda ba zai dawo ba" (1929). A cikin wannan fim, maestro yana jawo hankalin mai kallo akan gaskiyar cewa a cikin yanayin rashin haɓaka daga al'umma, mutum yana iya sake haifuwa.

Opal

Bayan sakin fasahar zane-zanen "The Third Meshchanskaya" da "The Bride that does not Come Back", da kuma shirin "Bumps", wanda ya ba da labari game da rayuwar Yahudawa masu mulki, hukumomi suka tsalle a Room.

A sakamakon haka ne, aka "fitar" da darektan daga Moscow zuwa babban birnin kasar Ukrainian SSR.

Aiki a Kiev

A nan an shirya maestro ya yi aiki don hoton fim "Ukrafilm". Ba da daɗewa ba, Abram Rohm, wanda hotunansa ya buga a cikin 'yan Soviet a kai a kai, ya fara yin fim din "Austere Youth" (1935). Wannan zane-zane na falsafa game da ƙauna zai shiga cikin ɗakin ajiyar wasan kwaikwayo na Soviet. Yuri Olesha ya rubuta rubutun.

Labari na falsafa

A cikin finafinan, babu wata iyakokin lokaci: a cikin layi ɗaya, jaridar "mutuwar" ta zamanin da ta kasance tare da: Fedor Citronov, Dr. Stepanov da wakilan sabuwar tsara wanda jikinsu suke kama da na 'yan wasan Girka. Bugu da} ari, suna ƙoƙari su kasance cikakke a jiki da kuma ruhaniya, suna bin ka'idodin lambar girmamawa, waɗanda suke dogara ne da ƙwaƙwalwar ruhu, jin daɗin jiki, juriya, tsabta.

Duk da haka, a cikin fim akwai wasu dokokin dokokin da ke jagorantar yarinya. Babban mulkinsa ita ce: "Idan kuna son wani abu, to, kuyi sha'awar ku, komai. Kada ku riƙe abin da kuke so. "

An gina hoton a cikin tsari na gasar har abada, gwagwarmayar gwagwarmaya da hakkin ya zama cikakke. Ga kudi ba ya taka wata rawa, babu wani zamantakewa rashin daidaito, da kuma duk abin da aka aikata domin ya samar da wata sabuwar kabilar. Amma abin mamaki shine gaskiyar cewa daidaitaka ba za a iya gina ko da a yanayi mai kyau ba. Kuna iya gudanar da kowane irin farfaganda, ba da kowane irin gyare-gyaren, amma mutane biyu ba za su iya girma ba, komai ta yaya kuke gwadawa.

Akwai wata ƙauna a cikin "Ɗaccen Ɗa". Karin daraktan Abram Rohm ya zana batun jin dadi. An tilasta dakarun da za su zabi, duk da gaskiyar cewa, daga ra'ayi na halin kirki, yana da rikitarwa. Saboda haka, Maestro fili ya nuna - shi ne wurin zama, ko a cikin wani cikakken al'umma, unrequited soyayya.

Fim din ya fito ne a fannin ilimin falsafa da ban mamaki: na dogon lokaci ba za su iya samun sunayensu ba. Da farko, ya ba da "Discobol", to, "Magic Komsomolets", amma sai ya canza zuwa "Tsarin Yara". Kuma a shekara ta 1936 an hana bidiyon don nuna wannan hoton falsafanci a kan babban fadi, yana bayyana wannan ta hanyar cewa shirin wannan hoto ba shi da gaskiya, kuma manufarsa ba ta iya fahimta ba. Fim din yana a kan shiryayye har zuwa tsakiyar shekaru sittin, sannan sai kawai ya fara nunawa ga masu sauraron taro. Ya kamata a lura cewa matsalolin da aka taso a cikin teburin "Ƙananan Matasan", kuma yau suna da dacewa.

Ƙirƙiri mara kyau

A halin da ake ciki, bayan da hukumomin suka dauki hoto "Austere matasa", maestro ba zai iya sake jin dadi ba a kan zargi da aikinsa. Ya ba fina-finai, yana mai da hankali ga koyarwa.

Amma bayan wani ɗan lokaci sai ya fahimci cewa ainihin kira yana jagorantar.

Na biyu iska

A 1940, Abram Matveyevich ya zo ya yi aiki don Mosfilm, don sake harba fim din. A wannan lokacin yana sanya hotunan da ya dace da censors. Wadannan fina-finai sun yarda don kallon: "Squadron No. 5" (1939), "Rundunar" (1944), "A cikin duwatsu na Yugoslavia" (1946).

Matsayin Late na Musayar

A shekara ta 1956 Roem ya juya kan batun nauyin likitoci wanda, a duk lokacin da ya dace, ya ceci rayukan. A sakamakon haka, fim "Zuciya ta sake karawa ...". A cikin shekarun nan sittin ne maestro ya jagoranci hotunan da ya dace da ayyukan masana Rasha. Musamman ma, muna magana ne game da rubutun "Garnet Bracelet" (bisa ga Kuprin, 1964), "Furen suna da tsayi" (bisa ga Chekhov, 1969).

Sauran Mata

Abram Matveyevich ba wai kawai daraktan fina-finai ba, har ma da darektan wasan kwaikwayon na fina-finai kamar "A'aba 306" (1956), "A kan Rushewar Count" (1957). A cikin fim "Kiss Mary Pickford" ya gwada hannunsa a matsayin aiki.

Taimako ga fasaha

Babu shakka, Roh ya zama marubucin sabon jagora a cinema. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo na yau da kullum zasu kira salon sabanin dabi'unsa, wanda ya danganci ƙaddamar da hankali ga yanayin, wasan mai wasan kwaikwayon tare da abu, abin da ya fi dacewa akan rayuwar mutum ta ciki.

Don samun ninkinsa a cikin fasaha, ayyukan masana kimiyya V. Bekhterev da masanin ilimin psychology na Z. Freud, suna aiki a wasan kwaikwayo, aikin aikin magani a kan basirar sana'a.

A waje da sana'a

Shin Abram Room yana murna a waje da sana'a? Rayuwar rayuwar mai gudanarwa shine mafi kyau. Yana auren actress Olga Zhizneva, wanda daga baya aka yin fim a kusan kowane zanen. Amma babu yara tare da Abram Matveyevich.

Maestro ya shude a ran 26 ga Yuli, 1976 a Moscow. An binne shi a kabarin Vvedensky (Jamus), kusa da matarsa.