A tarihin Orthodoxy. Gabatarwa na patriarchate a Rasha

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin Orthodoxy shi ne gabatarwar da patriarchate a Rasha. A ci gaba da kuma tasiri na Rasha coci a Kirista duniya ya fi fili alama ta ƙarshen XVI karni. Ƙasa halitta Ferrara-Florence jam'iyya, wanda ya kammala a cikin XV karni Byzantine coci tare da Vatican, bayan da Rasha Metropolitan zama da kansa zaben ta farko hierarch. Haka kuma, a 1453, da Patriarchate na Konstantinoful a cikakken dogaro a kan Turkish sultans. A wannan ba shi yiwuwa ba a ga Allah Maɗaukaki ta arziki: Rasha ya zama kawai m Orthodox jihar.

A tarihin gabatarwar da patriarchate a Rasha

The sosai ra'ayin fitowan na Moscow Patriarchate ne da alaƙa da kafa autocephaly na Rasha Church. Bayan da Moscow archdiocese samu wani m matsayi daga Girkawa, da dukan Orthodox duniya gane na kwarai darajar da ROC a matsayin mafi iko da kuma yawa.

Haka ya faru ba kawai samun shaida na ruhaniya dabi'u na Rasha, amma kuma a} arfafa bangaskiya zuwa nan gaba gwaji wuya sau da matsaloli. Rasha coci zai haifar da daya mala'iku da mutane ta ikon, wanda zai zo a cikin yaki da kasashen waje invaders da Katolika ta'adi.

Kowa ya gane cewa a cikin wani gajeren lokaci za a sanar da cewa, patriarchal kursiyinsa a Moscow. A wannan dangane akwai tashin hankali tare da Patriarchate na Konstantinoful, wanda haka laifi da Rasha saboda da miƙa mulki ga autocephalous matsayi da kuma ba ya so ya yarda da shi.

Duk da haka, ba tare da yardarka daga cikin biyun nan da Eastern Lardi kai shelar Rasha sarki zai zama wani al'amari na unacceptable da ba bisa doka ba. A babban birnin kasar, sarki yana da sauki ga tabbatar da kyawon ikon, amma kafa na patriarchate, ba tare da wani m yanke shawara primatial sassan da aka ba na gaskiya ba.

Historical yanayi ne kawai ko da karfi tasiri a kan gwamnati na patriarchate a Rasha a zamanin mulkin Fedor Ivanovich (dan Ioanna Groznogo). Fedor mulki (duk mafi yawan lokaci sai ya ciyar da salla, da Kirista upbringing ba ya so ya zo sharuddan da matsananci hakikar da na rayuwar siyasa, a sakamakon, sunansa da aka canonized), da kuma Boris Godunov (dan'uwan da matar sarki Fedor Irina Godunov) mulki.

Boris Godunov

Very m mutumin da aka Boris Godunov. A daidai wannan lokaci shi ne mai girma dattaku, wanda Ya halitta a shirin kawo canji da Rasha jihar, wanda zai bunkasa da iko da kuma girma. Abin takaici, wannan sha'anin Godunov ya na da karfi na ruhaniya tushe, kuma sau da yawa ya bayar da umarnin da aka kashe ta hanyar unacceptable abi'a (da duk abin da ya aka tuhuma da kisan da Tsarevich Dmitry, ko da yake babu wani kai tsaye shaida). Haka kuma, Rasha mutane ƙwarai matalauta a cikin ruhaniya da kuma halin kirki ji bayan oprichnina, sabili da haka ya da nisa daga duk grandiose da tsare-tsaren na ta shugabanni.

Duk da haka Godunov so in ga Rasha a matsayin mai girma da iko da kuma ya iya kawo cikin sha'anin yabo na patriarchate har karshen.

farko

A rukunin farko na horo fara da ziyarar Moscow a 1586, da sarki na Antakiya na Joakim. Wannan rayayye kula "Godunov" jami'an diplomasiya. Amma kafin abin da ya ziyarci waje na kasashen yammacin Rasha da kuma ga mãsu alãma daga Katolika Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian Commonwealth, wanda kusan lalace cikin rãyuwar Church na Kyiv Metropolis (a kan Hauwa'u na Union of Brest). A regal Moscow, da ya ga gaskiya girma, da daraja na uku Roma. Sarki Joachim ya gana da babban daraja da girmamawa, shi ma ya zo domin sadaka, kamar yadda ya sashi ya bashi na dubu takwas zinariya. Godunov ya yi amfani da wannan lokacin da ya fara aiwatar da shirinsa - gabatarwar da patriarchate a Rasha.

Moscow Lardi Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar

Bayan isowa na Joakim bai ba da kansu da aka sani Moscow Lardi Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar. Mafi m, ya kasance a cahoots da Godunov da kuma taka leda a cikin labari. Sarki ya aika zuwa ɗauka cewa Cathedral na Moscow Kremlin. Akwai kafin shi a duk da ƙawa a marmari riguna bayyana a cikin bauta Lardi Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar, wanda shi ne na farko albarkar da sarki na Antakiya, amma ya ba zato ba tsammani ya dauki laifi. Sadaka-neman aka nuna wanda na ainihi Primate daga cikin manyan Church.

A nan ya zo cikin play Godunov, wanda zai fara gudanar da m tattaunawar da Joachim, babban jigo na wanda - gabatarwar da patriarchate a Rasha. Kwanan wata na wannan babban taron da aka riga sosai kusa. Joachim ya ba a shirye domin wannan tattaunawar, amma ya yi alkawarin tuntubar tare da Gabashi biyun nan. Moscow a wannan mataki ya kasance gamsu.

yaki

A karshe kalma ya ga Konstantinoful (Istanbul). Akwai ci gaba da ban mamaki abubuwan. Daya bayan wani overthrows da Jikoki, da haikalin da aka tõne da Turks, duk da kudi almubazzaranci da dukiyar. Cash da kuma haruffa na Moscow sarki wani wuri rasa.

Sarki Konstantinopolskiy Ieremiya fara mayar da sabon sarki, amma kudi domin shi da ya yi. Kuma ya yanke shawarar yi aiki kamar Joachim da kuma ya tafi zuwa Moscow da wani mara tausayi yakan kishi hannu. Duk da haka, bai sani ba game da baya tattaunawa game da halittar Moscow patriarchate. Kuma duk abin da ya fara a kan sake: wannan labari da aka buga, kazalika da ta gada. Irmiya ya kusan shekara karkashin gidan kama a wani marmari yanayi a cikin fari dutse.

da sarki Ayuba

A general, wannan taron shi ne mai banrazana ga Rasha coci. A wuri na Patriarchate na Konstantinoful taka leda hanya mai kayu ga gabatarwar da Patriarchate a Rasha.

A Moscow, a wannan lokaci, kazalika a Istanbul, akwai wasu canje-canje. Godunov hambararren Lardi Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar a 1587 dangane da boyar hadin kai, 'yan tawayen sun bukaci a saki Tsar Fedor tare da matarsa Irinoy Godunovoy saboda rashin haihuwa.

Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar ya faru Rostov Archbishop Ayuba, a karshen Janairu 23 (Fabrairu 2), 1589, ya za su zama na farko sarki na All Rasha. Ko da a cikin mu lokacin, a 1989, sunansa za a canonized.

A 1721 Bitrus I soke patriarchate: shi za a mayar kawai a 1917 a Local Council da kuma sarki zaɓaɓɓu ne na St. Tikhon. To, zai kasance da wuya ga Rasha Church Bolshevik lokaci. Bayan rasuwar Tikhon da zarar babban coci da aka ba da za'ayi. Kawai a 1943 ya zama zai yiwu, da kuma Primate na Rasha Orthodox Church zama Sergius (Starogorodskiy). Sarki Kirill zama 16th sarki a jere Rasha.

Saboda haka, aikin hukuma gabatarwar da patriarchate a Rasha (da shekara 1589) da aka gudanar a 16th karni.