A tarihin na Rasha jiragen ruwa. Petra Velikogo jiragen ruwa

Rasha - nahiyar jihar, amma da tsawon sãsanninta, tsallaka da ruwa surface ne 2/3 na jimlar tsawon. Ancient Rasha iya tafiya a kan teku, kuma sun kasance iya yaƙi, a cikin tẽku, amma gaskiya sojan ruwa al'adar} asarmu akwai game da shekaru 300 da haihuwa.

Har yanzu jayayya game da wani taron ko kwanan wata, daga abin da fãra tarihi na Rasha jiragen ruwa. Abu daya ne bayyananne ga kowa da kowa - da shi ya faru a zamanin Petra Velikogo.

A farko-gwajen

Yi amfani da waterways don matsar da sojoji a kasar, inda koguna suka babban sadarwa hanyoyi, da Rasha, ya fara wani dogon lokaci da suka wuce. Ambaci almara hanya "daga Vikings ga Helenawa" koma ƙarni. Game da yakin neman "lodev" Prince Oleg zuwa Konstantinoful hada epics.

Wars Aleksandra Nevskogo da Swedes da kuma Jamus Jihadin Krista sun kasance daya daga cikin manyan manufofin da equipping Rasha ƙauyuka kusa da bakin Neva, don su iya yantar kewayawa a cikin Baltic Sea.

A kudu, gwagwarmayar da tekun Black Sea da Tatars da Turks kasance Zaporozhye da kuma Don Cossacks. Su almara "gull" a 1350 nasarar kai hari da kuma kama Ochakov.

A farko Rasha warship "Eagle" da aka gina a 1668 a kan da Oka River a kauyen Dedinovo da oda da Sarkin sarakuna Alexei Mikhailovich. Amma ya real haihuwa na Rasha sojojin ruwa da aka zamar masa dole ya yi mafarki da nufin dansa - Bitrus Mai girma.

mafarki Home

Da farko da matasa sarki kawai son tafiya a kan wani karamin jirgin ruwan da aka samu a wani sito a kauyen Izmailovo. Wannan 6-mita jirgin ruwan da aka bayar da ta mahaifinsa, da yanzu adana a cikin sojan ruwan Museum of St. Petersburg.

A nan gaba sarki ya ce bayan haka da cewa daga gare shi, kuma Ya fãra Rasha na mallaka Navy, da kuma kira shi "Kaka na Rasha rundunar motoci". Peter kansa mayar da shi ta bin Masters Jamus shiri, domin ubangijinsa shipbuilders a Moscow ya ba.

Lokacin nan gaba sarki a shekaru 17 ya zama wani real m, ya fara gane da gaske cewa Rasha ba zai iya ci gaba ba tare da tattalin arziki, kimiyya da al'adu dangantaka tare da Turai, da kuma mafi kyau hanyar sadarwa ne marine.

Kakkarfa, kuma m mutum, Peter nemi a saya ilmi da basira a fagage daban-daban. Mafi girma da ya so ya da ka'idar da yi na Shipbuilding, wanda ya koya daga Dutch, Jamus da kuma Turanci Masters. Ya duba delved cikin kayan yau da kullum na cartography, na koyi yin amfani da mažallin na'urorin.

A farko fasaha ya fara zuba jari a cikin halittar "m flotilla" Pleshcheyevo lake a Pereslavl kusa Yaroslavl. A cikin watan Yuni shekarar 1689, akwai a shipyards aka tattara bot "Fortune", 2 kananan frigates da jirgin ruwa mai filafili.

Fita zuwa cikin teku

Babbar ƙasar giant, wanda ya shida na Duniya ta ƙasar taro, Rasha marigayi XVII-karni kasa da a wasu kasashe iya da'awar zama Maritime iko. A tarihin na Rasha jiragen ruwa - shi ne ma wani labarin na gwagwarmayar samun duniya tekuna. Akwai hanyoyi biyu fita zuwa teku sarari - biyu "bottleneck": Gulf of Finland da kuma Baltic Sea, wanda ya shirya wani karfi Sweden, da kuma fadin Black Sea, ta ƙunƙuntar Straits na Dardanelles, wanda tana karkashin mulkin Ottoman.

A farko ƙoƙari ta dakatar da hare-hare na Crimean Tatars da Turks a kudancin kan iyakar, kuma ya sa harsashin ginin a nan gaba nasara ga Black Sea da aka yi ta Peter a 1695. Sansanin soja na Azov, located a bakin Don, ya msa hare-haren da Rasha soja balaguro, kuma domin da tsanaki, yaƙi ya kewaye ya ba da karfi isa, ba isasshen kudi don yanke da wadata da harsasai da Turks kewaye da ruwa. Saboda haka, a shirya a gaba yakin neman zabe, an yanke shawarar gina wata rundunar motoci.

Azov jiragen ruwa

Bitrus da unprecedented makamashi gudanar da gina jiragen ruwa. Fiye da 25,000 da manoma da aka kõra su zuwa ga yin aiki a cikin shipyards a Transfiguration da kuma a kan kogin Voronezh. Bisa ga samfurori kawo daga kasashen waje, karkashin kulawa na waje Masters da aka qirqiro 23 kwale galleys (naƙudarta), 2 manyan jirgin ruwa mai filafili (daya daga cikinsu - 36-gun "Apostol Potr"), fiye da 1,300 kananan tasoshin - Bartmann-Wulf, plows da kuma kama. d. Da shi shi ne na farko ƙoƙari don ƙirƙirar abin da aka kira wani "na yau da kullum Rasha na mallaka Navy." Ya daidai cika da aiki na haihuwa sojoji zuwa ganuwar da sansanin soja da kuma kewaye da tarewa na Azov da ruwa. Bayan wani shida-mako kawanyar Yuli 19, 1696 sojojin suka mika wuya.

"Lutche ni da in yaqi teku ..."

Wannan yaƙin neman zaɓe ya nuna muhimmancin da hulda da ƙasa da tẽku, sojojin. Ya kasance da muhimmanci ga yanke shawara na Boyar Duma a kara gina jiragen ruwa. "Ships da!" - sarauta umurnin a kan kasafi na kudi ga sabon tasoshin da aka amince da 20 ga watan Oktoba, 1696. Tun wannan ranar, da tarihi na Rasha jiragen ruwa, da kuma kula da Countdown.

babban ofishin jakadancin

War ga m samun teku kama na Azov da ya shigo fara, da kuma Bitrus ya zuwa Turai domin neman goyon bayan da Turkey da kuma kawayenta. Sarkin ya yi amfani da diplomasiyya yawon shakatawa da cewa dade daya da rabi shekara zuwa bunkasa su ilimi a Shipbuilding da soja al'amura.

A karkashin sunan Petra Mihaylova, ya yi aiki a cikin shipyards na Netherlands. Ya sami kwarewa da dama na Rasha masassaƙa. A cikin watanni uku tun lokacin da hallara aka gina jirgin ruwa mai filafilai "Bitrus da Bulus", wanda ya tafi sa'an nan zuwa Java karkashin tutar na Gabas India Company.

A Ingila, sarki kuma aiki a shipyards kuma inji nazarinsa. Turanci King musamman domin Bitrus shirya sojan ruwa horar da. Ganin concerted hulda 12 da kuma babbar jirãge, Peter samun m, kuma ya ce yana so ya zama wani English Admiral, fiye da da Rasha Tsar. Daga wannan lokacin da mafarki to suna da wani iko da Rasha na mallaka Navy ya ƙarfafa a cikin shi gaba daya.

matasa Rasha

Marine kasuwanci tasowa. A 1700, Petr Veliky tabbatar da ensign na Rasha Navy jiragen ruwa. An suna bayan na farko Rasha Order - St Andreya Pervozvannogo. Shekaru 300 da Rasha jiragen ruwa, da kuma kusan dukkan lokacin rufe Rasha matuƙan QFontDatabase blue giciye na St. Andrew ta flag.

A shekara daga baya, a birnin Moscow na farko sojan ruwa makaranta - da makaranta na ilmin lissafi da kuma kewayawa kimiyyar. Kafa Navy umurce su da su kai sabon reshe. Kar Sojan Ruwa Yarjejeniya shiga sojan ruwa da darajõji.

Amma mafi muhimmanci - da Admiralty, a lura da masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa - sabon jirãge ake gina a can.

Peter na shirin kara nasarar da tashoshin jiragen ruwa a tekun Black Sea da kuma tushe akwai shipyards hana wani karin karaya abokin gaba da Arewa. Denmark da kuma Sweden tafi yaki kan jayayya tsibiran, da Bitrus ya koma ta kan Danish gefe, da nufin karya ta "taga zuwa Turai" - damar zuwa Baltic Sea.

Battle Gangut

Sweden karkashin jagorancin wani matashi da cocky Charles XII shi ne babban soja da karfi na cewa lokaci. Saba Rasha na mallaka Navy jira fitina. A lokacin rani na 1714 da Rasha rundujar soja masu dawaki na galleys jagorancin admiral Fedorom Apraksinym gana da iko Swedish sailing jiragen ruwa a Cape Hanko. Samar da gwaggwabar riba ga makiya manyan bindigogi, da admiral bai yi kuskure ya shiryar da adawa da kuma bayar da rahoton wa Bitrus halin da ake ciki.

Sarki ya sa a feint: umurce su da su gabatar da wata dabe for Ferry jiragen ruwa a kan sandararriyar ƙasa, da kuma nuna niyyar zo a fadin Isthmus zuwa ga raya da makiya jiragen ruwa. Don hana wannan, da Swedes shared rundunar motoci, aika wani detachment na 10 tasoshin jingine sashin zuwa wurin Perevoloka. A wannan lokaci cikin tẽku da aka kafa cikakken kwantar da hankula, wanda hana Swedes da yiwuwar wani rawar daji. M jiragen ruwa liyi na kullum baka zuwa gaban yaƙi, da kuma jiragen ruwa da Rasha jiragen ruwa - fast kwale galleys - barke tare da bakin tekun da kuma kai hari kan wasu 10 tasoshi, yi garkuwa da shi a cikin bay. Jirgin ruwa mai filafilai flagship "Elephant" da aka dauka a kan jirgin cikin jirgin nan, sai Bitrus ya da kaina da hannu a wani hari melee, da jawo matuƙan da misali.

Rasha sojan ruwa nasara kuma ya kammala. Game da dozin jiragen ruwa suka kama, fiye da dubu Swedes kama da kuma fiye da 350 - aka kashe. Ba tare da rasa wani guda jirgin, Rasha rasa 120 suka kashe mutane da kuma 350 - suka ji rauni.

Da farko Victoria Sea - da Gangut kuma, daga baya, a Grengam da ƙasar Poltava nasara - duk wannan shi ne key zuwa da sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar da Nystad Sweden (1721), a karkashin abin da Rasha suka fara fi a cikin Baltic Sea. Manufar - damar zuwa West Turai tashoshin jiragen ruwa - An cimma.

Legacy Petra Velikogo

Dalili na halittar Baltic rundunar da aka kafa ta Peter ko da shekaru goma kafin yakin Gangutskaya lokacin da kwace daga bakin Neva Swedes aka kafa St. Petersburg, sabon babban birnin na Rasha Empire. Tare da barikin soji dake kusa da nan - Kronstadt - su zama ƙõfõfin rufe su makiya da kuma fadi da bude domin ciniki.

Domin kwata karni, Rasha ya dauki hanyar da cewa ya dauki da dama ƙarni, manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa da iko - hanya daga kananan jiragen ruwa na jihar bakin teku kewayawa zuwa manyan tasoshin iya shawo kan duniya al'arshi. Flag na Rasha Navy da aka sani da girmamawa a duk teku na duniya.

History of nasarori da kuma kashi

Bitrus ya gyara aikinsa, kuma ya fi so yaron - na farko Rasha jiragen ruwa - jiran wani wuya rabo. Ba dukan m shugabanni na kasar shared da ra'ayoyi da Petra Velikogo, ko yana da halinsa.

Kan gaba shekaru 300 da Rasha rundunar motoci da damar lashe manya manyan nasarori sau Ushakov da Nakhimov kuma sha wahala mai tsanani lalacewa a Sevastopol da Tsushima. Bayan da heaviest hare-hare Rasha da aka hana na da matsayi na teku iko. A lokacin da Renaissance, bayan da cikakken rushewar sani cikin tarihin Rasha Navy da past ƙarni, da kuma zamanin.

Yau da jiragen ruwa ne samun ƙarfi a bayan wani yankunan stagnation, kuma yana da muhimmanci a tuna cewa shi duka fara tare da samar da makamashi da kuma nufin Bitrus I, suka yi ĩmãni, a cikin Maritime yawa na kasar su.