Coliform kwayoyin cuta a cikin ruwan. Thermotolerant coliforms

Coliform kwayoyin ne ko da yaushe ba a cikin narkewa kamar fili da dabbobi da mutane, kazalika da sharar gida na rayuwa. Su ma yana iya zama a kan shuke-shuke, kasar gona da ruwa gurbatawa ne mai tsanani matsalar saboda yiwuwar ƙulla cututtuka da lalacewa ta hanyar daban-daban pathogens.

Cutar da jiki

Shin coliform kwayoyin cutarwa? Mafi yawansu ba su sa cuta, duk da haka, wasu rare damuwa E. coli iya haifar da tsanani da rashin lafiya. Bugu da kari ga mutane za a iya kamuwa da tumaki da shanu. Yana kiwata damuwa cewa gurbata ruwa a kan su waje halaye ne ba daban-daban daga talakawa sha dandana, wari da kuma bayyanar. Coliform kwayoyin ake samu ko da a da ruwa, wanda aka dauke su zama cikakke a kowane hankali. Verification ne kawai abin dogara hanya domin sanin gaban cuta-haddasa kwayoyin.

Abin da ya faru a lokacin da shi detects?

Abin da idan coliform kwayoyin ko wani samu a cikin ruwan sha? A wannan yanayin, da bukatar a gyara, ko kuma gyara na samar da ruwa tsarin. Lokacin amfani da disinfection bukatar shi zuwa tafasa da kuma sake gwaji, wanda zai iya tabbatar da cewa da samu ba shafe ta, idan ta kasance thermotolerant coliform kwayoyin.

nuna alama kwayoyin

Total coliform kwayoyin sukan kira a matsayin nuna alama kwayoyin, domin su nuna yuwuwar gaban cutarwa kwayoyin cuta a cikin ruwan, kamar E. coli. Ko da yake mafi damuwa ne m da kuma rayuwa a cikin hanjinsu na lafiya mutane da dabbobi, da wasu daga wanda zai iya taimakawa ga samuwar gubobi, sa mai tsanani da rashin lafiya da kuma ko da ya kasance m. Idan kwayoyin ne ba a cikin jiki, da ya fi kowa bayyanar cututtuka ne mai cuta daga cikin gastrointestinal fili, zazzabi, ciwon mara, da zawo. Alamun suna more furta a cikin yara, ko tsofaffi 'yan uwa.

hadari ruwa

Idan total coliform kwayoyin cuta a cikin ruwan ba su da samuwa, sa'an nan kusan lalle wanda zai iya ɗauka cewa shi ne microbiologically hadari sha.
Idan an same su, to, shi zai zama wajaba a kansa ya gudanar da ƙarin gwaje-gwaje.

Kwayoyin cutar son zafi da kuma danshi

Zafin jiki da kuma yanayin yanayi ma taka muhimmiyar rawa. Alal misali, E. coli fi son su rayu a farfajiya na duniya da kuma na son masu zafi, don haka da cewa coliform kwayoyin cuta a cikin ruwan sha ne sakamakon wani ayarin karkashin kasa da kõguna da dumi da kuma gumi weather yanayi, yayin da mafi karami yawan kwayoyin cuta da aka samu a cikin hunturu kakar.

buga chlorination

Domin yadda ya kamata kashe kwayoyin cuta amfani da chlorine, wanda oxidizes da impurities. A da adadin zai tasiri cikin ruwa halaye kamar PH da kuma zazzabi. A talakawan nauyi na bushe al'amarin da lita ne game da 0.3-0.5 MG. Don kashe general coliform kwayoyin cuta a cikin ruwan sha, yana daukan game da minti 30. The lamba lokaci za a iya rage ta kara kashi na chlorine, amma shi iya bukatar ƙarin tace for cire takamaiman dandano da wari.

Withering ultraviolet da haske

A mashahuri wani zaɓi dauke disinfection hasken ultraviolet. Wannan hanya ba nufa da amfani da duk wasu sunadarai. Duk da haka, wannan kayan aiki ne da bai sayuwa inda janar coliforms ya wuce dubu mazauna da 100 ml na ruwa. Da na'urar da kanta kunshi wani UV fitilar kewaye da wani ma'adini gilashi hannun riga, ta hanyar abin da ruwa ne irradiated tare da riskar hasken ultraviolet. Untreated ruwa a ciki naúrar dole ne gaba daya tsabta da kuma free of wani bayyane samu, clogging ko turbidity don ba da damar sakawa a iska mai guba na qeta kwayoyin.

Sauran magani zažužžukan

Akwai su da yawa wasu hanyoyi na aiki amfani disinfect ruwa. Duk da haka, da suka ba da shawarar a matsayin dadewa, domin dalilai daban-daban.

• Tafasar. A 100 digiri Celsius daya a minti ne tasiri a kashe kwayoyin cuta. Wannan hanya da aka sau da yawa amfani disinfection na ruwa a lokacin gaggawa, ko a lokacin da ake bukata. Yana daukan lokaci da makamashi m tsari da kuma mafi yawa ana amfani ne kawai a kananan yawa na ruwa. Wannan ba wani dogon lokaci ko dindindin zaɓi don ruwa disinfection.
• Ozonation. A cikin 'yan shekaru, wannan hanya da ake amfani da matsayin wata hanya ta inganta ruwa quality, kawar da matsaloli daban-daban, ciki har da na kwayan samu. Kamar yadda da chlorine, lemar sararin samaniya ne mai karfi da oxidizing wakili, wanda ya kashe kwayoyin cuta. Amma a lokaci guda da gas ne m, kuma shi za a iya samu ne kawai ta hanyar wutar lantarki. Ozonation raka'a ana kullum ba da shawarar for disinfection, saboda suna da yawa fiye da tsada fiye da chlorination ko UV tsarin.
• Iodization. A sau daya m Hanyar disinfection a cikin 'yan shekaru ne kawai shawarar gajere ko gaggawa ruwa disinfection.

Thermotolerant coliforms

Wannan shi ne na musamman kungiyar na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta da suke iya ferment lactose a 44-45 digiri Celsius. Wadannan sun hada da HALITTAR Escherichia, da kuma wasu iri Klebsiella, Enterobacter, kuma Citrobacter. Idan ruwa ya ƙunshi extraneous kwayoyin, shi ya nuna cewa shi aka ba da tsabtace, sake-gurbata, ko shi ya ƙunshi gina jiki fiye da kima. Idan wani an same shi wajibi ne don duba for gaban shi ne resistant zuwa high zafin jiki na coliform kwayoyin.

microbiological analysis

Coliform kwayoyin ciki gram kwayoyin da kama wani Wand, suna rayuwa ne da irin a cikin ƙananan narkewa kamar fili na dabbobi da mutane. A general, da kwayoyin cuta sun hada da mutane da yawa iri, m ga sãɓãwar launukansa digiri. Microbiological bincike ya hada da katin shaida na kowane irin ƙwayoyin cuta da parasites. Microbiological bincike ne da za'ayi ba kawai don duba sha ruwa, amma kuma ya gwada da aminci daga cikin ruwa inda mutane suke farin ciki don ciyar da dama lokaci. Wasu, ba shakka, ba su ji tsoron yin iyo a cikin ruwa, inda da shi da aka samu, "Wand", amma cikin aminci daga wannan ruwa ne ma kayyade. Akwai wasu hygienic bukatun na surface ruwa.

Idan coliforms aka gano, wannan mai yiwuwa nuna cewa ruwa ya zo pathogens. Saboda haka, lokacin da na fara yada cututtuka daban-daban. The gurbata ruwan sha iya saduwa da Salmonella damuwa, Shigella, E. coli da kuma wasu pathogens cewa Range daga m cuta na narkewa kamar fili mai tsanani dysentery, cutar kwalara, typhoid zazzabi, da kuma waɗansu da yawa.

Domestic kafofin kamuwa da cuta

A ingancin ruwan sha sa idanu ta kai a kai duba da kwararrun kiwon lafiya da sabis. Kuma za su iya yin wani mutum talakawa, ka kare kanka da kuma kare da maras so samu? Mene ne kafofin na ruwa gurbatawa a cikin gida yanayi?

1. Ruwa daga cikin mai sanyaya. A mafi mutanen da suka taba zuwa wannan na'urar, da girma da alama na shigar azzakari cikin farji daga cutarwa kwayoyin. Nazarin ya nuna cewa ruwa a kowane uku mai sanyaya ne rarrafe da rayayyun kwayoyin halitta.
2. Tara ruwan sama. Abin mamaki, bayan da ruwan sama da aka tattara danshi shi ne m yanayi domin ci gaban coliforms. Advanced lambu amfani da wannan ba ruwa, har ma ga watering shuke-shuke.
3. Tabkuna da kuma kududdufai ma ne a hadarin, a matsayin m ruwa zai asali duk masu rai, ba kawai kwayoyin. Togiya ne teku, da ci gaba da kuma yaduwar cutarwa siffofin can ne kadan.
4. Yanayin bututun. Idan drains ba su canza da kuma ba su tsabtace na dogon lokaci, shi kuma iya kai wa ga wahala.