Fashewa iyaka na iskar gas. Jiki Properties na gas

Karkashin iskar gas fahimci dukan cakuda gas wanda aka kafa a cikin hanjinsu na duniya baya anaerobic bazuwar kwayoyin abubuwa. Shi ne daya daga cikin muhimman ma'adanai. Iskar gas da yake a cikin hanjinsu na duniya. Wadannan iya zama mutum ko gungu na gas hula a cikin man filin, amma za a iya wakilta a cikin nau'i na gas hydrates, crystalline jihar.

m Properties

Iskar gas da aka sani zuwa kusan dukan mazaunan raya ƙasashe, har ma a makaranta, yara koyi da dokoki na gas amfani a cikin gida. A halin yanzu, iskar gas fashewar - ba nadiri. Amma baya ga wannan, akwai da dama daga barazanar daga irin wannan m na'urorin powered by iskar gas.

Halitta gas ne mai guba. Ko da yake ethane da methane ba guba a cikin purest siffan, tare da wani iska da jikewa na wani mutum zai fuskanci shaƙa saboda rashin oxygen. Wannan shi ne musamman m da dare, a lokacin barci.

M Yawan gas da

A lamba tare da iska, ko kuma wajen da bangaren - oxygen, iskar gas iya samar da wata flammable cakuda detonating wanda zai iya jawo fashewa ƙarfi, ko da dan wuta Madogararsa, kamar walƙiya, ko harshen wuta daga cikin wayoyi ashana, kyandirori. Idan da taro na iskar gas ne in mun gwada low, da kuma ƙonewa zafin jiki ba zai zama babban, amma m karfi dogara da matsa lamba na sakamakon cakuda da hakan matsa lamba iska-gas abun da ke ciki, da karin ikon da shi suka fashe.

Duk da haka, kusan kowa da kowa a kalla sau daya a cikin rayuwarsa fuskantar wani gas zuba, gano ta ta halayyar wari, da kuma duk da haka ba fashe ya faru. Gaskiyar cewa iskar gas iya fashewa kawai a lokacin da takamaiman rabbai tare da oxygen. Akwai ƙananan kuma babba fashewar iyaka.

Da zarar cimma LEL iskar gas (methane ne 5%), Ina nufin wani taro isa ya fara konewa dauki, fashewar iya faruwa. Rage taro zai kawar da yiwuwar ƙonewa. Rarar mafi alama (15% methane) ne kuma ba zai yiwu ya fara konewa dauki, a cikin ra'ayi na rashin iska, ko kuma wajen - oxygen.

M Yawan gas ƙara da kara matsa lamba na cakuda, kuma idan cakuda yana dauke da inert gas, misali nitrogen.

² до 12 кгс/см ² . Gas matsa lamba a cikin bututun iya bambanta daga 0.05 kgf / cm ² zuwa 12 kgf / cm ^2.

Bambanci tsakanin fashewa da kuma kona

Ko da yake da farko duba alama cewa fashewar da kuma kona - 'yan daban-daban abubuwa, a gaskiya, wadannan matakai ne irin wannan. Iyakar abin da bambanci tsakanin su - shi ne tsanani na dauki. A lokacin da bam a cikin dakin ko kuma wani a kewaye yankin da dauki faruwa musamman da sauri. A fasa kalaman farfagandar a wani kudi da dama fiye da sau gudun sauti: daga 900 zuwa 3000 m / s.

Tun da methane da ake amfani a wani gida da bututun iskar gas - iskar gas, da adadin oxygen da ake bukata domin ƙonewa, shi ne kuma batun da janar mulki.

Matsakaicin ƙarfi aka samu da fashewa, idan oxygen ba a rubuce ishe cikakken konewa. Har ila yau, a halin yanzu da sauran yanayi: da gas taro m ga ƙonewa iyaka (ƙananan iyaka sama, amma a kasa mafi girma) da kuma tushen da wuta ne ba.

A jet na gas ba tare da oxygen impurities, Ina nufin wucewa na sama da iyaka ƙonewa shigar iska zai ƙone kwari harshen wuta, konewa gaban farfagandar a gudun 0,2-2,4 m / s a al'ada yanayi matsa lamba.

Properties na gas

Fasa Properties bayyana a paraffin jerin hydrocarbons daga methane zuwa hexane. Kwayoyin tsarin da kwayoyin nauyi ƙaddara da su Octane lambar: fasa Properties fada tare da ragewa kwayoyin nauyi da kuma kara da Octane lambar.

A abun da ke ciki na iskar gas ya hada da wasu hydrocarbons. A farko daya - methane (sinadaran da dabara CH _4). Jiki Properties na gas su ne kamar haka: colorless, wuta fiye iska da kuma ba shi da wani wari. Yana da quite flammable, amma har yanzu kyawawan lafiya a ajiya, idan cikakken complied da aminci. Ethane (C ₂ H ₆₎ ne ma colorless kuma odorless, amma dan kadan heavier fiye da iska. Shi ne flammable, amma ba a amfani da man fetur.

Propane (C ₃ H ₈₎ - guba gas ne colorless kuma odorless, m liquefied a low matsa lamba. Wannan amfani da alama ba ka damar ba kawai a amince safarar propane, amma kuma bambanta da shi daga cikin cakuda da wasu hydrocarbons.

Butane (C ₄ H _10): jiki Properties kama da propane gas, duk da haka, ta yawa ne mafi girma, kuma da nauyi butane sau biyu mutum fiye da iska.

saba

Carbon dioxide (CO ₂₎ ne ma wani ɓangare na halitta. The jiki Properties na gas suna sane, watakila, duk abin da ba ya jin warin, amma halayyar m iyawa. An kunshe a cikin jerin gas tare da sosai kadan yawan guba da kuma shi ne na musamman (sai helium) noncombustible gas hada da na halitta.

Helium (Ya) - sosai haske gas, bayan na biyu hydrogen ne colorless kuma odorless. Yana da matukar inert kuma ba kullum iya amsa tare da wani abu da ba ya shiga cikin konewa tsari. Helium ne mai lafiya, nontoxic, a dagagge matsin lamba, tare da sauran inert gas shiga cikin mutum zuwa wani Jihar maganin sa barci.

Hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S) - gas ba tare da launi da halayyar wari na banza qwai. A nauyi da kuma sosai mai guba, da zai iya haddasa olfactory jijiya inna ko da a low yawa. Bayan fashewar iyaka da iskar gas ne sosai m, daga kashi 4.5% zuwa 45%.

similar gas

Akwai biyu mafi hydrocarbon cewa a cikin aikace-aikace na kusa da iskar gas, amma da mambobi ba a hada. Ethylene (C ₂ H ₄₎ - kama a kaddarorin to ethane, mallakan wani m wari da kuma wanda yake shi ne colorless iskar gas. Yana ethane shi siffofi da wani karami yawa da kuma flammability.

Acetylene (C ₂ H ₂₎ - colorless fashewar gas. Shi ne sosai flammable fashe, idan akwai wani karfi ƙanƙancewa. A ra'ayi na wannan acetylene m don amfani a rayuwar yau da kullum, shi ne m guda amfani ga waldi.

A amfani da hydrocarbons

Kamar yadda man fetur a gida gas kayan amfani methane.

Propane da butane suna amfani da man fetur ga motoci (msl, matasan) da kuma liquefied propane aka tuhuma da wani m.

Amma ethane wuya amfani kamar man fetur, ta babban manufar a cikin masana'antun - da shiri na ethylene, wanda aka samar a duniya a manyan yawa, a gaskiya shi ne mai albarkatun kasa domin polyethylene.

Acetylene da ake amfani da bukatun da masana'antu, shi ne zai iya cimma high zazzabi for waldi da kuma yankan karafa. Tun yana da matuƙar flammable, ba za a iya amfani da a matsayin man fetur, da kuma ajiya na gas dole tsananin yarda da yanayi.

Ko da yake hydrogen sulfide da mai guba a sosai kananan yawa da shi da ake amfani a magani. Wannan ake kira hydrogen sulfide baho, wanda aiki dogara ne a kan maganin antiseptik Properties na hydrogen sulphide.

Babban amfani dũkiyar helium - ta low yawa. Wannan inert gas amfani a lokacin da yawo a kan balloons da airships, yawo da su zuwa cika balloons, shahara tsakanin yara. Kumburi iskar gas ba zai iya zama: Ya aka ba lit, don haka ba za ka iya ba tare da tsoro zafi da shi a kan wani bude wuta. Hydrogen coterminous da helium a cikin lokaci-lokaci tebur, mafi sauƙi, amma shi ne flammable. Helium ne kawai gas ba tare da daskararru karkashin wani yanayi.

Sharuddan amfani da iskar gas a cikin gida

Kowane mutum wanda yana amfani da gas kayan, aka zamar masa dole ya sha aminci horo. A farko mulki - wajen saka idanu da serviceability na na'urorin, lokaci-lokaci duba da bututun hayaki daftarin kuma, idan azurta shagala daga konewa kayayyakin a nema. Bayan juya kashe da gas nema bawuloli bukatar da za a rufe, kuma rufe bawul a kan tanki, idan akwai irin wannan. Idan ba zato ba tsammani katse iskar gas da kuma samar da kira da gas maroki dole nan da nan a lokacin da gyara matsala.

Idan a cikin wani Apartment, ko wani dakin da wari daga gas, dole ne ka nan da nan dakatar kowane irin ya yi amfani da na'urorin ba sun hada da kayan, bude taga ko da taga don samun iska, sa'an nan ka bar gabatarwa da kuma kiran gaggawa sabis (tarho 04).

Sharuddan amfani da iskar gas a cikin gida shi ne muhimmin su kiyaye, domin wata 'yar alamar matsalar aiki na samfur iya kai wa ga m sakamakon.