A mutuwa na jirgin ruwa na soja "Varyag" (takaice). Kwanan wata, tarihi, wurin mutuwa

A jirgin ruwa na soja "Varyag" da aka gina a 1899. The jirgin yana daga cikin Pacific jiragen ruwa. A kan Hauwa'u na Rasha-Japanese War "Varyag" Na tafi zuwa ga tsaka tsaki Korean tashar jiragen ruwa na Inch'on (zamani Incheon). Ga shi a zubar da cikin Rasha da ofishin jakadancin. A da gunboat "Korean" na biyu da irin wannan jirgin ruwa.

A kan Hauwa'u na yaƙi

A kan Hauwa'u na 1904 Captain Vsevolod Rudnev ya samu wani sirri masu lamba sako. An bayar da rahoton cewa Korean sarki koya game da motsi na goma Japan jiragen ruwa zuwa ga Chemulpo (da mutuwa da jirgin ruwa na soja "Varyag" faru a lokaci daya a cikin bay na tashar jiragen ruwa). Ya zuwa yanzu, babu babu yaki, amma kasashen biyu suna rayayye shirya don shi. A Rasha, da Japan bi condescendingly, saboda abin da sojoji da kuma sojojin ruwa kasance a cikin wani mawuyacin hali, lokacin da rikici ya barke a kansa.

Japan rundunar umarta ta Admiral Sotokiti Uriu. Ya jiragen ruwa isa zuwa bakin tekun Korea, ya rufe da saukowa. A flotilla ya dakatar da "Varyag", idan ya yanke shawarar da ya fito daga bay da kuma shiga tsakani a canja wuri na ƙasar sojojin. Janairu 27 (Old Style), maƙiyi jiragen ruwa ta bayyana a cikin ga ~ ar ruwan. Da shi shi ne ranar farko ta Rasha-Japanese yaki.

A halin da ake ciki a tashar jiragen ruwa na Inch'on wuya saboda gaskiyar cewa akwai tasoshin wasu ƙasashe: Birtaniya, Faransa, Italiya da kuma Amurka. A safiyar Janairu 27 Japanese admiral Uriu aika da wakilainsu don wani sakon cewa an za su kai farmaki Rasha jiragen ruwa. A wannan connection, da tsaka tsaki jirãge aka tambaye su bar hanya har zuwa 16 hours don haka ba su zo karkashin wuta. Turawa sanar Captain Rudnev game Japan rigakafin. Ya zama a sarari cewa wannan yaƙi makawa, duk da hujjoji take hakkin dokokin kasa da kasa (da wasan kwaikwayo da aka buga daga cikin uku kasar tashar jiragen ruwa).

A m na Japan jiragen ruwa

By safe riga kammala saukowa daga dubu uku ƙasar sojojin. Yanzu kai jiragen ruwa suka shige daga yankin na fama da soja jirãge iya fara shirye-shirye ga mai zuwa hari. A tashar jiragen ruwa ya bayyane wuta a kan saukowa daga Japan. Makiya gangan psychologically matsa Rasha matuƙan. A jaruntakar mutuwa na jirgin ruwa na soja "Varyag" ya nuna cewa duk wadannan yunkurin da aka ƙaddara wa gazawar. Rasha matuƙan da kuma jami'an da aka shirya don wani abu, ko da yake sun yi jira walakanta makiya hari da kuma helplessly duba saukowa aiki.

A halin yanzu, da shugabannin kasashen waje da tasoshin da aka aika da rubuta zanga zanga zuwa Japan. Wannan takarda ba dauki sakamako. Babu sauran matakai ne 'yan kasashen waje bai yi kuskure. Suka janye su jiragen ruwa zuwa cikin tashar jiragen ruwa da kuma ba bayyana kansu a lokacin fama. Rasha jirgin ruwa na soja da kuma gunboat aka katange a bay. Ku fito zuwa cikin teku, ba su iya ba, saboda hanya ne rufaffiyar Japan rundunar goma jiragen ruwa. The m mutuwa na jirgin ruwa na soja "Varyag" faru sun fi mayar saboda inna da kuma inept umurnin gudanar a Port Arthur. Navy majalisarsa yi girman irresponsibly. Ba su yi kokarin hana wani bala'i, ko da yake rahotanni na gabatowa Japan jiragen ruwa ya isa ga da watanni.

"Varyag" bar Chemulpo

Kyaftin Vsevolod Rudnev, da sanin cewa a jira taimako daga kasashen waje ko nasu magabatansu m, yanke shawarar karya fita daga bay kuma dauki da yaki. Babu tambaya na capitulation iya ba tafi sauki. A 10 am, shugaban ya isa a jirgin ruwa na soja ya gaya wa jami'an game da ya yanke shawara. A janar ra'ayi ya sunyi baki daya - da kokarin karya ta, kuma idan ƙoƙari kasa, sa'an nan nutse cikin jirgin.

likitoci fara shirya na farko a kan yãƙi. Likitoci, ma'aikatan jinya da kuma ma'aikatan jinya sanye take miya tashar. Ga wasu 'yan kwanaki, sun manta da abin da mafarki - suna da yawa aiki. A 11:00 Rudnev sanya wani jawabin kawai a gaban dukan tawagar. Matuƙan goyon kyaftin ta m "Hurray!". Babu daya bogey mutuwa na jirgin ruwa na soja "Varyag", ba wanda ya so ya daina, hannuwansa folded a gaba. Similar ya mayar da martani ga "Korean". Ko da dafa, wanda ya da wani farar hula da ma'aikatan ki bar cikin jirgi, kuma fakewa a cikin ofishin jakadancin. Lokacin da "Varyag" An barin tashar jiragen ruwa, kasashen waje crews sahu a kan cikas na jiragen ruwa. Saboda haka Faransa, da Italiya da kuma Birtaniya biya haraji ga ƙarfin hali na ƙungiya, wanda ya a gaban wani zalunci yaƙi. A mayar da martani ga "Varyag" buga taken asa daga cikin kasashen.

A rabo daga sojojin

Abin da rundujar soja masu dawaki aka yi adawa da jirgin ruwa na soja "Varyag"? A tarihin halakar da jirgin iya taba faruwa ba, yãƙi da shi, a wasu yanayi na yaki. Kowane Japan jirgin ya cikin ƙarfinsa. A togiya ne "Asama" - daya daga cikin mafi kyau sulke Cruisers a dukan duniya. "Varyag" ya rungumi da ra'ayin wani karfi da kuma high-gudun Scout. Its main amfani a cikin yaƙi saurinsu hari da wani short, amma wani laifin buga da abokan gaba.

Duk wadannan halaye ne na "Varyag" zai fi nuna babban tekuna, inda ya zai yi dakin rawar daji. Amma ta wurin kuma, baya, da wurin mutuwa da jirgin ruwa na soja "Varyag" da ke cikin kunkuntar Fairway, cike da Shoals da kankara. A irin wannan yanayi, da jirgin ba za a iya tarwatsa kuma yadda ya kamata kai farmaki makiya. Saboda kunkuntar hanya, da jirgin ruwa na soja ya je a kan gardama daga Japan. Saboda haka, sakamakon da yaƙi aka ƙaddara kawai da rabo daga cikin bindigogi. A dozin jiragen ruwa da yawa fiye da da jirgin ruwa na soja da gunboat.

Musamman m halin da ake ciki ya zama saboda "Asama" gaban. A bindigogi na Cruisers sun kusan invulnerable, saboda boye a baya m turret makamai. Don kwatanta: a Rasha jirgin manyan bindigogi da aka bude da kuma cikin bene. Bugu da kari, rabin na "Korean" bindigogi sun kawai aka rabu amfani. A lokacin yaki da suka kullum m.

A farkon yakin

Japan jiragen ruwa qaddara wurin mutuwa da jirgin ruwa na soja "Varyag", a tsaye game da mil goma daga Korean Chemulpo. Lokacin da rundujar soja masu dawaki hadu, na bi ta wata sigina tambayar game da bayarwa. "Varyag" alfahari ce kome a wannan tsari. A farko Shots da "Asama" da aka sanya game da 12 hours. Su aka sanya a wani lokaci a lokacin da jiragen ruwa kasance, a wata nesa na kimanin kilomita 8 baya.

Kowa ya sani cewa da makawa mutuwa na jirgin ruwa na soja "Varyag". Kuma ku yãƙi, duk da haka, an soma. Biyu minti bayan na farko Shots na Japan ya fara zeroing a gefen dama na "Varyag". An directed by Kuzma Khvatkov - Babban Gunnery. Kafin yakin cikin asibiti ya yi bayan tiyata. Koyo game da mai zuwa yaki, Gunnery bukaci fitarwa da kuma da sannu zo a kan jirgin "Varyag". Khvatkov tare da m ƙarfin hali harbi ci gaba wanda bai yankẽwa cikin yaƙin, har ma bayan duk ya na hannun daman aka kashe da kuma raunata.

A farko dako buga Japan halakar da babba hanci gada da kuma katse Jib shrouds. Saboda wannan, da wuta fara a cikin ginshiƙi dakin. Biye da wani fashewa da cewa kashe wani junior navigator Alekseya Niroda da signalman Gabriel Mironov. Extinguishing da wuta ya zama shugaban Timoti Shlikov - m da kuma hukunci boatswain.

Wuta a kan jirgin

Ginshikan baki hayaki kasance na farko da alamun cewa da alama mutuwa na jirgin ruwa na soja "Varyag". Kwanan wata Janairu 27, 1905 shine ranar da ƙarfin hali da kuma juriyarsu da Rasha ƙungiya. Wuta a yarda da Japan saukin daidaita da wuta a kan abokan gaba. Gun "Varyag" tselili yafi a cikin "Asama". The wuta ya makamai sokin projectiles, cewa da gaske tsãge m makamai da kuma fashewar ciki da jirgin. Saboda haka, da lalacewar sa da Japan, ba haka ba ne a bayyane yake, kamar yadda wuta a Rasha jirgin ruwa na soja.

A jirgin ruwa na soja "Asama" ya jagoranci diversionary wuta. Ya shagala da hankalin "Varyag" bindigogi, don haka da sauran jiragen ruwa na Japan rundunar iya tare da samun hukunci harba da abokan gaba. Bawo suna ƙara buga manufa. Saboda haka, a hankali gabatowa mutuwa na jirgin ruwa na soja "Varyag". Hotuna da jaruntakar ƙungiya da jirgin nan da sannu zã buga duk duniya jaridu.

Amma da rana Janairu 27 matuƙan da sanda suka a fili ba har zuwa nan gaba. Bayan wani hit haske bene plating. The wuta ya zama musamman m, saboda a nan kusa kuwa akwai wani tsarin bada sakonni, kazalika da lif. Harshen wuta kokarin bice iko jiragen sama na ruwa kawota daga tiyo. A halin yanzu da Gunners a tsaye da bude bindigogi fadi matattu saboda m vortex na sartse, ya tashe bawo maƙiyi.

Doctors yi aiki niyarsa kuma da shiru. Hay rauni karu. Mutanen da suka samu mai tsanani raunin da ya faru, yana da ƙarfi don samun zuwa asibiti kanka. Dan kadan rauni ba kula da lalacewa ya kuma kasance a aikinsu. Wannan jaruntaka da kuma unprecedented ya mutuwar jirgin ruwa na soja "Varyag". Kuma gunboat, da kuma babban jirgin ya faru da zama a karkashin nauyi maƙiyi wuta, to revel a su na lamba magabaci.

rawar daji

Lokacin da "Varyag" nisanta kansa daga Chemulpo takwas mil, shugaban ya yanke shawarar juya dama don samun fita daga cikin wuta, ya kuma shiga yaƙi igwa a gefen hagu. A jirgin ya fara rawar daji, da kuma a wannan lokacin da jirgin ya buge biyu babban bawo. A jaruntakar mutuwa na jirgin ruwa na soja "Varyag" ya zama ma kusa. Saboda fashewar jirgin ruwa rasa tuƙi. Sashe na daga cikin tarkace fadi mike zuwa wheelhouse, inda ban da kyaftin kasance wasu shugabanni da masu kida. Mutu ɗan ganga da bugler hedkwatar, da yawa suka ji rauni, amma ba wanda ya so ya tafi zuwa asibiti da kuma barin Rudnev.

Saboda asarar tuƙi da aka umurce su da su je manual aiki. Babu wanda ya so ya maƙiyi sauƙi aka bai wa mutuwa na jirgin ruwa na soja "Varyag". Rasha-Japanese yaki ya kawai ya fara da shi ne har yanzu gaba da yawa irin wannan fadace-fadace, a lokacin da Rasha jiragen ruwa sami kansu outnumbered. Su crews bayan "Varyag" ƙungiya nuna al'ajibai na ƙarfin zuciya da ibada a taƙawa.

Santa Fe kifewa ga makiya rundunar motoci a kan wani nesa na biyar mil. Japan wuta tsananta. Sai a wannan lokaci, "Varyag" shi ne mafi tsananin azãba kuma m raunin. Manyan-zamo dako bugi tsananin a tashar jiragen ruwa gefe. A ramuka masu kwarãrar ruwa, wanda aka ambaliya da tukunyar jirgi dakin da kwal. A cikin dakin garzaya quartermasters Zhigarev da crane. Sun hana yaduwar ruwa da kuma ambaliya ta sauran kochegarok. Kan kuma a sake jinkirta da mutuwa na jirgin ruwa na soja "Varyag". A takaice, da Rasha ƙungiya kokawa da obstinacy, wanda an samu a cikin masu wanzuwa mutane cornered.

ritaya

A halin yanzu, "Korean" ya fara rufe da "Varyag", sa wani muhimmin rawar daji. Its kananan bawo, a karshe samu wata damar isa fitar da abokan gaba jiragen ruwa. Yana fara harbi martani. Ba da da ewa daya daga cikin Japan Cruisers kama da wuta da kuma wani hallakarwa kuma duka fara nutse. Lokacin da nuna an kammala, da yaƙi da hannu bindigogi a gefen hagu. Gunners - leoyan cikin yaƙi, fushi mutuwa na yan'uwansu, harbi ba tare da tsayawa. A sakamakon da aka ba dade a cikin zuwan. Daya daga cikin makamai masu linzami da aka halakar da aft gada "Asama" - mafi kyau na Japan Cruisers. Marubucin na da nasara harbi shi ne sojan igwa Fyodor Elizarov, tana tsaye a bayan wata shida-inch kayan aiki da lambar 12.

Bayan juya kyaftin aika da jirgin baya ga hanya, kokarin jinkirta halakar da jirgin ruwa na soja "Varyag". A ranar da wannan taron ya zama daya daga cikin haske da kuma mafi ban tausayi a cikin tarihi na Rasha jiragen ruwa. By 13 Wajen ƙarfe da yaki tsaya a matsayin "Varyag" karshe ya mayar a kan hanyoyi.

A lokacin yaki ya sake fiye da 1100 bawo. The ƙungiya ya rasa rabin tawagar ne a kan babba bene. Fans kuma jirage da aka juya a cikin wani sieve. A bene da hukumar samu da yawa ramukan, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa "Varyag" ya bayyana jerin zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa.

ambaliya jirgin ruwa na soja

Harkokin waje jiragen ruwa, kafin tsaye a kan hanyoyi, a shirye su bar tashar jiragen ruwa, kada ka share da Japan don kawo karshen Rasha. Rudnev, kimantawa da halin da ake ciki, sai na fahimci cewa jirgin ruwa na soja ya rasa mafi yawan fama ikon. yaki ya yiwuwa a irin wannan yanayi. A wani gajeren majalisa na yaki da shugaban ya yanke shawarar bude scuttle kuma nutse cikin jirgin.

The tawagar fara fitarwa. Rauni matuƙan da kuma jami'an shige juna a makãmansu. "Korean" aka gabatowa mutuwa na jirgin ruwa na soja "Varyag" da jirgin ruwa. Mafi yawa daga cikin Rasha mayar da su cikin tsaka tsaki kotu. A karshe ƙungiya bar jirgin ya nutse da shi ya kasance a cikin ruwa. Wani samu zuwa jirgin da iyo, da kuma Vasily Belousov aka rike da wani kankara floe a jira na zuwa na Faransa jirgin ruwan.

"Korean" aka nike tashi. Baƙi da aka tambaye su yi ba tare da irin wannan awo dangane da jirgin ruwa na soja. Gaskiyar shi ne cewa tarkacen da gunboat a high gudun samu tare da ruwa surface kusa da tsaka tsaki jiragen ruwa. Na yi "Varyag" da aka zama karfi. Daga nesa da shi daga lokaci zuwa lokaci za a iya ji karin fashewar - shi ne Wuta kuma ta cinye tsira harsasai da bawo. A karshe jirgin ya nutse. karshe halakar "Varyag" jirgin ruwa na soja da aka gani a 18 hours. Hoton na da jirgin, wanda ya zo tare da zalunci sojojin da yaki, kuma ya jaruntakar ƙungiya za ta har abada zama a cikin memory na Rasha jiragen ruwa.

Dawo da ma'aikatan jirgin gida

A yakin kashe mutane 23, 10 more munanan raunuka mutu a asibitoci bayan da fitarwa. Sauran ƙungiya a tsakiyar Fabrairu tafi gida. A jaruntakar mutuwa na jirgin ruwa na soja "Varyag" da kuma gunboat "Korean" jirage sun zama sananne a duniya. Matuƙan da kuma jami'an a kowace kasa inda suka tsaya, kuma aka gaishe da dumi da kuma undisguised sha'awa. Daga ko'ina a kansu sun telegrams da haruffa.

A manyan tawagar 'yan'uwanmu ƙungiya hadu a Shanghai, inda akwai wata gunboat "Manchuria". {Aramin Jakada na Rasha Jakadan a Konstantinoful garzaya zuwa wani taro tare da haruffa, duk da su sosai zango a birnin. Tsarki ya tabbata gaba da Mariners. The ƙungiya yana komawa zuwa mahaifarsa, komai a fili a Odessa. A wannan gari na 'yan makonni akwai wani shiri domin haɗuwa da shi.

A kan jirgin cikin jirgin isa heroes bayar da da George Cross. Zan iya cewa, an bayar da su duk mambobi ne na ƙungiya ko da kuwa su daraja. A girmama na isa gaisuwa da aka kora. Dukan birnin ne awash da festive Murna. A irin wannan abin kwaikwaya a Sevastopol, inda Black Sea jiragen ruwa da aka bisa. Afrilu 10, 1904 600 matuƙan da kuma 30 sanda na "Varyag" da "Korean" musamman kwansu da kwarkwatansu jirgin kasa bar for St. Petersburg. Tare da hanyar jirgin kasa tsaya a Moscow da kuma a dama tashoshin. A dukan wuraren da consistently jirgin kasa jira ga 'yan kasa da kuma na farko fuska daga birnin.

16th na ƙungiya daga karshe ya a St. Petersburg. A kan dandamali na tashar ya ya sadu da Nicholas dangi, da wakilan majalisar birnin, sojojin, da tsada, kuma ba shakka duk darajoji na Rasha jiragen ruwa. A shugaban taron ya tashi Janar-Admiral Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich.

Matuƙan tafi a kan hutu kayan ado Nevsky Prospekt. Titi da aka cushe a iya aiki da 'yan ƙasa. All tare da babban tini sahu sansanin sojoji, da suke rike da baya cikin taron. Gala ƙungiyar makaɗa da aka ba ji a bango na incessant kuwata da tafi. Wanda aka kamala a cikin wani taro na ƙungiya da Tsar Nicholas II.

A kara rabo daga cikin jirgin

A Japan da aka gigice a cikin hali da kuma ƙarfin hali na Rasha. Yana da muhimmanci cewa sarki Mutsuito a 1907 aika Captain Vsevolod Rudnev Order na Rising Sun II digiri. A mutuwa na jirgin ruwa na soja "Varyag" daga shekara zuwa shekara, ya tuna min ba kawai a Rasha, amma kuma a Japan. Tokyo yanke shawarar tada da kuma gyara jirgin ruwa na soja. Ya aka kunshe a cikin mallaka Navy da aka mai suna "Soy". Ga shekara bakwai da aka yi amfani a matsayin horo jirgin ruwa. Sunan "Varyag" a mai tsanani daga cikin jirgin da aka ajiye a cikin Japan a biyayya ƙarfin hali na Rasha matuƙan da sanda. Daya jirgin ruwa na soja ko da ya tafi kafa zango a Hawaiian Islands.

Tare da barkewar yakin duniya na farko, Rasha da kuma Japan ta zama majiɓinta. A tsarist gwamnatin sayi "Varyag" baya. A 1916, ya kasance a karkashin Rasha flag koma zuwa Vladivostok. A jirgin da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga jiragen ruwa na Arctic Ocean. A kan Hauwa'u na Fabrairu juyin juya halin, da jirgin ruwa na soja suka tafi da Birtaniya don gyara. Hukumomi na wannan kasa sun kwace "Varyag", a lokacin da Bolsheviks ki biya bashin na tsarist gwamnati. A 1920 da jirgin da aka sayar domin ya da zuwa Jamus. A shekara ta 1925 da jirgin ruwa na soja kama a wani hadari yayin da ake towed kuma ƙarshe nutse a cikin Irish Sea.