Samuwar, Sakandare da kuma makarantu

A mafi shahararren ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa a duniya: Columbus, Magellan, ko Bering?

Kada ka so ka koyi yadda za a suna da mafi shahararren ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa a duniya? Wane ne mutum mai soyayya na tafiya da kuma sha'awar ga m binciken ɗaukaka shi domin ƙarni? Yana da wuya a bayyana duk Kasadar cewa fada a kan nasara na cikin tẽku mai zurfi ... labaru game da jarumi da kuma m seafarers ya dade zama batutuwa na Legends, kuma tatsuniyoyi. To, wãne ne ya - mafi shahararren ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa a duniya? Tun da wannan tambaya shi ne, za mu ce, da na ra'ayin wani, da sauki amsar ba shi yiwuwa. Kuma idan haka ne, bari mu tuna 'yan sanannun explorers na ruwa expanses dukan lokaci.

Hristofor Kolumb

Kila mafi shahararren ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa a duniya ne shi Hristofor Kolumb, domin ya discoverer of America. Ka tuna cewa mai navigator aka faruwa a sami wani waterway zuwa India, inda ya yiwu in saya da kayan yaji, amma matafiyi ba su sarrafa don isa kasar na kayan yaji. Sai ya sauka a Bahamas, ba ma tuhumar da ya yi, mai yiwuwa ya fi muhimmanci samu na karni.

Sa'an nan Columbus tunanin ya ya gano kawai kadan-sani Asian tsibirin. A sakamakon da balaguro wata babbar lamba na sabon kayayyakin kawo zuwa Turai da kuma ... duniya shahararru.

Dzheyms Kuk

Na biyu mafi shahararren ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa - James Cook kai babu kasa ɗaukaka. Riga a wani matasa shekaru da ya so ya zama da nasara expanses na teku, da kuma so ya da karfi da cewa, kasancewa kusan saurayi, ya shiga wani gida yaro a kan wani jirgin ruwan jigilar kwal. Yaron haka da sauri koyi cewa bayan shekaru biyu ya aka aiko a kan wani balaguro. Hukumance, ya ya kamata ya lura da taurari, amma yafi wani so ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa da aka gano kudancin asashe, wadda bisa ga jita-jita, yawa, a zinariya da sauran daraja kayan.

Sai ya zama da farko Cook, wanda ya m isa ya haye Antarctic Circle da circumnavigate Antarctica. Duk da haka, da ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa ba zai iya samun wani abu, wanin kankara, wanda hakan ya tilasta masa ya yi watsi da ra'ayin. Daga baya, Cook yanke shawarar kokarin samun wani teku hanya zuwa kasar Sin ba, amma shi ya ƙare da baƙin ciki a gare shi fiye da na Columbus: kamar yadda ka sani, shi kawai ya kashe da mazauni na Hawaii, inda ya sauka. Wannan, lalle ne, ya bayyanar da shahara asirai na ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa.

Ferdinand Magellan

Game da wannan matafiyi ne kuma zai yiwu a ce wannan shi ne mafi shahararren ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa, tun da shi ne ya ya iya tabbatar da cewa duniya shi ne zagaye. Ya siffa ta fitar ta zuwa cikin sailing a westerly shugabanci, da kuma dawo zuwa gabas. A kan hanyar da ya gano da Atlantic Coast ta Kudu Amurka. Bugu da kari, shi ne ya ba da sunan Pacific Ocean, kamar yadda ga dukan lokaci, yayin da jirgin ya tsallaka ruwanta, dã ba su yi daure wani hadari.

Magellan ya yi da mafarki, ba wanda a lokacin wani duniya yawon shakatawa, a lokacin da duk mambobi daga cikin tawagar suna fama da yunwa da cututtuka, amma da suka gudanar ya yi wani juyin juya hali a kimiyya - ya tabbatar da cewa duniya shi ne zagaye.

Vitus Bering

Wannan shi ne wani muhimmin sunan a duniyar matuƙan. Danish-haife Rasha wanda ya] auki jamiái, iya yin mai kyau ra'ayi a kan shuwagabanninmu da manyanmu. Ba da da ewa, ya aka sanya wa nazarin Chukotka da Kamchatka. Bering ya iya taimakawa wajen samar da sabon maps. Mun gode wa binciken, an tabbatar da cewa Kamchatka da Japan ba ta da iyakokin, kamar yadda Amurka da Asiya ba su da alaka. All bude Bering kai ga Empress Anna Ivanovna, ya amince ya karbi bakuncin Great Arewa Fe.

Ivan Kruzenshtern

Wannan "mutumin da steamer" (tuna, shi ne definition na ba shi da hali na Soviet zane mai ban dariya ma'aikacin gidan Pechkin), mai yiwuwa cikin shahararrun matuƙan na Rasha asalin. Shi ne mafi mashahuri domin gaskiyar cewa halarci a cikin tafiya daga Rasha balaguro. Yana Kruzenshtern gudanar da raunata kan Sakhalin taswira. Bugu da kari, da navigator ya kyaftin na jirgin, ya yi rangadin duniya, a lokacin da ya ya iya jimre da scurvy yin amfani da barasa! Ya sayi wani tsari na ruwan inabi, da kowane mutum samu kullum kwalban cika Stores na bitamin C.

A da ya dawo daga wata tafiya Kruzenshtern gudanar ya halicci wani mai wuce yarda m map, a kan wanda ya biya ba kawai yawa na Sakhalin, amma kuma abin da ake kira Stone tarko. Wannan mutumin na dogon lokaci tsunduma a kimiyya da bincike da kuma mai yawa da hankali biya zuwa binciken na tekun Pacific.