Mene ne mutagenic factor da kuma abin da ya ke kawo hadari?

Maye gurbi ko da yaushe ya faru ba zato ba tsammani. A kayyade abu na kwayoyin dabam: wani abu ya faru a cikin chromosomes ko genes, kuma wadannan canje-canje su ne kullum bayyane zuwa ga tsirara ido. A wasu lokuta, da sakamakon ya yi nauyi, da kuma wani lokacin ga jiki zai yiwu mutuwa. The maye gurbi ba ya faruwa da kanta. A dalilin da yaushe samun mutagenic factor.

Mene ne mutagenic jamiái?

Canje-canje a cikin kwayoyin halittu da kuma chromosomes, kimiyya da aka karatu itatuwa aure. Yana kuma bada kimiyya definition of mutagens.

Mutagenic dalilai - sinadaran ko ta jiki jamiái cewa sa canje-canje a cikin kwayoyin abu na sel. A yanayi na wadannan jamiái iya zama daban-daban, da kuma a cikin wannan matsayi da aka tushen rarrabuwa.

iri mutagens

Dangane da asalin ware jiki, sinadaran da nazarin halittu mutagens. Duk wani mutagenic dalilai za a iya dangana ga daya daga wadannan manyan kabilun.

Tasiri maƙiya cell jamiái iya directed kai tsaye zuwa jigidar halittar DNA, sa'an nan da kwayoyin kayan hasarar da asali tsarin. Wasu mutagens tsoma baki tare da cell division tsari, da kuma sakamakon kwayoyin abu ne rarraba yadda ya kamata. Akwai, duk da haka, abubuwa wanda da kansu ba za a iya dangana ga mutagens. Amma da tasiri a kan wani sinadaran fili na wasu enzymes jũya shi a cikin wani real mutagenic factor. Wadannan abubuwa da ciwon mutagenic "m", kira promutagens.

Mutagenic dalilai. misalai

By mutagens jiki asalin hada da kafofin na ionizing radiation, daukan hotuna zuwa UV haske, abnormally ko rashin zafi da kuma zafi.

Alal misali, zango na ultraviolet radiation ciwon tsawon fiye da 260 nm ake tunawa da shuka cell da kuma haifar da takardar samuwar cikinta uncharacteristic na pyrimidine dimers (da mahadi a cikin DNA sarkar) wanda, bi da bi, ya zama wani dalili na karatu kurakurai a cikin kwayoyin abu. A sakamakon haka, sabon Kwayoyin suna samu jigidar halittar DNA daga cikin "ba daidai ba" tsarin.

Mutane da yawa sunadarai ne mutagenic da promutagens. Misalai ne mai amsawa oxygen jinsi, nitrates da nitrites, wasu karafa, da miyagun kwayoyi da kuma wadanda abubuwa da har mutãne wanzu a cikin yanayin (iyali sunadarai, abinci Additives da preservatives).

Alal misali, mace mai ciki ba a san halin da suke ciki da kuma daukar wasu maganin rigakafi, kawo hadari ga tayin. A sakamakon haka, da jariri zai iya ci gaba nakasar cuta lalacewa ta hanyar maye gurbi.

A nazarin halittu mutagens hada da ƙwayoyin cuta, kwayoyin, sharar kayayyakin da wasu protozoa da parasites.

A sakamakon tasirin da irin wannan nazarin halittu jamiái a kan Kwayoyin ne mai tsari da ake kira dauke da kwayar cutar mutagenesis. Ga misali, da kwayoyin Helicobacter pylori, da suke zaune a ciki adam da hanji zai iya sa kumburi da mucosa. Kumburi musanya al'ada kwarara daga redox matakai a lalace Kwayoyin cewa ya musanya masa a tsarin da kwayoyin abu a gare su. DNA gyara tafiyar matakai an karya da kuma hanya na al'ada rarraban kwayoyin. Result - maye gurbi.

A 'yan kalmomi game da aiwatar da mutagenesis

Mutagenesis - shi ne aiwatar da abin da ya faru na maye gurbi. Wace irin inji, shi zai iya faruwa?

A karfi mutagenic dalilai sa da ake kira chromosomal rashin zaman lafiya. A sakamakon kwayoyin kaya ko an rarraba unevenly a rabu Kwayoyin ko chromosomes tsarin kanta dabam. Alal misali, biyu chromosomes da ake gittar da wa m jamiái musanyâ su da mãkirci.

Mutagenic factor kuma iya gyara da DNA jerin nucleic acid. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa irin maye gurbi ne na mutuwa, ko sa sosai tsanani da rashin lafiya a lokacin da abin ya shafa da gagarumin nucleotides, amma ba za su iya faruwa ba tare da pathologies, idan irin wannan nucleic acid jerin ba su lalace.

Yadda za a kare kanka daga daukan hotuna zuwa mutagens?

Mutagenic dalilai ba ubiquitous, don haka zai kasance har yanzu amfani ya dauki wani m matakan.

Antioxidants - wani muhimmin rukuni na mahadi da cewa hana daukan hotuna zuwa Carcinogens. Kuma za su iya taimaka wa kare da dukan maƙiya sunadarai. Misalan antioxidants ne bitamin A, C, da E, beta-carotene da kuma flavonoids. Wadannan abubuwa ne a manya-manyan lambobi da ake samu a kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa, kazalika a kore shayi.

Yana da muhimmanci a kokarin su kare kansu daga m jiki jamiái kamar UV radiation ko taba shan taba. Alal misali, a Australia, shi ne gida da manya-manyan yawan haske-skinned mutane, kuma akwai sau da yawa m weather. A kashi na lokuta da melanoma a wannan kasar, da rashin alheri, shi ne high.

Kariya ya kamata a dauka maganin rigakafi, m ga abinci da kuma kokarin rage girman da amfani da magungunan adana. Fi dacewa, ba shakka, zai bi da ka'idodinta lafiya cin abinci.

Mutagenic muhalli dalilai masu karfi. Duk da haka, ka kare kanka daga su rinjayi ne quite yiwu, idan mun hankali da kiwon lafiya.