A Lorenz kwana da rawa a cikin tattalin arzikin

A Lorenz kwana ne wani jadawali da cewa ya nuna irin nisan data kasance a cikin al'umma rashin daidaito masana'antu kudaden shiga sharing da kuma dukiyarsa.

A cikin marigayi 19th karni - farkon karni na 20th, samun kudin shiga rashin daidaito ta kasance batun da bincike na da yawa manyan tattalin arziki a ƙasashen yammacin Turai da kuma Amurka. Babban matsalar da binciken ne kimantawa na da tasiri da kuma adalci na raba dukiya da kuma samun kudin shiga, rinjaye a cikin kasuwar tattalin arzikin. A 1905, Maks Lorents, an American} ididdiga na {, ya ci gaba da kansa Hanyar kima na samun kudin shiga rarraba, wanda ya zama sananne a matsayin "Lorenz kwana".

A cikin jadawali a kan x-axis wakiltar rabo na yawan kamar yadda wani kaso daga cikin jimlar yawan, da kuma tsaye axis - da rabo daga kudaden shiga a matsayin wani kashi na jimlar kudaden shiga. A jadawali nuna cewa a cikin al'umma akwai ko da yaushe disparities a samun kudin shiga. Alal misali, na farko 20% na yawan sami kawai 5% na kudaden shiga, 30% na yawan - 10% na kudaden shiga, 50% - 25% na samun kudin shiga, da kuma sauransu. A Lorenz kwana nuna da rabo na samun kudin shiga danganawa da daban-daban kungiyoyin na yawan jama'ar, a kafa girman da sakamakon samun kudin shiga.

A wannan yanayin, idan ya lura a cikin al'umma uniform rarraba kudin shiga, sa'an nan da kwana zai zama wani madaidaiciya line (bisector na kwana tsakanin axis of abscissa da ordinate axis). Wannan layin da aka kira da cikakkar daidaici. Cikakkar daidaici mai yiwuwa ne kawai a ka'idar. Wannan layi ya nuna cewa wani takamaiman yawan iyalai sama da ya dace yawan kudin shiga. Wannan shi ne, idan 20%, 50%, 70% na yawan zai sami daidai da 20%, 50%, 70% na jimlar kudin shiga, yayin da daidai da maki suna located a kan bisector. Kuma a wannan lõkacin, idan duka samun kudin shiga lissafta 1% na yawan jama'ar, sa'an nan jadawali ne matsayin da za a nuna a tsaye line - cikakkar rashin daidaito. Saboda haka, Lorenz kwana ba ka damar kwatanta da rarraba kudin shiga tsakanin daban-daban yawan kungiyoyin ko a daban-daban lokaci lokaci.

Bisa ga jadawali nuna Gini coefficient. Saboda haka, Lorenz kwana da Gini coefficient a hankali m.

A Gini coefficient ne a gwada yawa nuna alama daga cikin mataki na rashin daidaito na samun kudin shiga rarraba daban-daban zažužžukan. A coefficient da aka ɓullo da Korrado Dzhini, da Italiyanci tattalin arziki, demographer da kuma} ididdiga na {.

A kasa daidai rarraba kudin shiga, da kusa da Gini coefficient zuwa hadin kai. Unit yayi dace da cika rashin daidaito. Haka kuma, mafi uniform rarraba, rabo zai zama kusa da sifili. Zero yayi dace da cikakkar daidaici. A tsarin na canja wurin biya da kuma m haraji iya kawo zuwa ga rarraba layi na cikakkar daidaici. Kamar yadda kwarewa na raya ƙasashe, tare da lokaci a cikin rarraba kudin shiga rashin daidaito da aka rage.

Wani daya daga cikin akai-akai amfani da Manuniya na samun kudin shiga rarraba da yawan ne da decile coefficient. Yana nuna rabo tsakanin matsakaicin kudin shiga na goma bisa dari na mafi sosai biya yawan jama'a da kuma samun kudin shiga averaging goma cent na kalla karfi.

Domin da Rasha mika mulki tattalin arzikin na nineties aka halin da Trend na kara samun kudin shiga da rashin daidaito. A marigayi 1991, decile coefficient ya 5.4, a 1995 shi ya tashi zuwa 13.4, da kuma a 1998 - to 13.5. A Gini coefficient ya karu zuwa 0,376 a shekarar 1998 zuwa 0,256 a 1991. A bambantawa na albashi, yawanci tare da wata la'ada bambanci tsakanin ma'aikata a wasu masana'antu da kuma aikin da. Interprofessional da aluma bambantawa na biya matakan a kasuwar tattalin arzikin nuna a harkar amfani aiki, ne nasa tarihin na da aikin yi da horo.