A bala'i a Kazan: haddasawa, gwani sharhin, deciphering "black akwatin"

Wannan rana, Nuwamba 17, 2013, at Kazan filin jirgin sama kome presaged bala'i. All terrestrial sabis aiki kullum da aka shirya don kai da Boeing-737, dauke da fitar jirgin U9-363 da kuma kammala jirgin daga Moscow. Amma rabo hukunta in ba haka ba. A 19 hr. 23 min. Moscow lokaci, swooping a wani mawuyacin kwana ga shi, da jirgin saman ya fadi a cikin titin jiragen sama. Tashin hankalin da'awar rayuwar hamsin mutanen da suke a cikin lokaci a kan jirgin.

Tambayoyi wanda ba su samu wani martani

Hadarin jirgin sama a Kazan Hukumar Binciken da aka yi karatu a daki-daki, wanda ya hada da wakilai daga babbar hanyar sufurin jiragen sama kwamitin, Tarayyar Air sufuri Agency da kuma da dama sauran sassan. Daga cikin wadannan kayan sun zama sane da cikakken bayani game da abin da ya faru. A Disamba 2015 gan ta saki wani jami'in daftarin aiki kõma sama da su, mai suna "Final Report".

Duk da haka, masana da kuma jama'a a Kazan bala'i bar yawa tambayoyi bai sami amsa a cikin wannan daftarin aiki, da kuma inda babu wani takamaiman bayani kamar yadda ka sani, akwai jita-jita da hasashe. Bari mu yi kokarin a kan tushen da aka sani da kayan da sake gina da bala'i gizagizai Nuwamba yamma a 2013 a filin jirgin sama a babban birnin kasar na Tatarstan.

masu wanzuwa jirgin

A wannan rana, m tafi a cikin 18th hour. 25 min. daga titin jiragen sama Domodedovo International Airport, Boeing-737 gangarawa Kazan. A kan jirgin, kuma da matukan jirgin, cikinsu sun biyu matukan jirgin da kuma hudu jirgin hidima, da dubu arba'in da huɗu, da fasinjoji. Na musamman son nuna cewa hadarin a Kazan dauki rayuwar 'yan fairly sanannun fuskoki, yawo da wannan jirgin. Daga cikin su - da shugaban Republican FSB Antonov, dan shugaban kasar na Tatarstan I. Minnikhanov, sanannen dara player G. Rashitova, kazalika zumunta na sharhi na TV channel "Rasha-2" R. Skvortsova.

Sam jiragen aiki da cewa rana jirgin 363, da lokacin da za a gani da yawa a cikin rayuwa. Ya farko dauki a cikin sama, a 1990, da kuma shekara ashirin da uku na sabis, aiki a bakwai na kasa da kasa da kamfanonin. Kafin ta zama dukiyar Tatarstan, ya bauta wa a sifirin jiragen sama na Bulgaria, Ireland, Brazil, Uganda da kuma Faransa. Wani lokaci tsohon soja ya faru a cikin matsananci yanayi. Da zarar ya ƙi da shasi, da kuma matukan jirgin, ya sa shi a cikin "ciki." Wani lokaci akwai wani depressurization na gida.

Matukan jirgin wanda ya yi dauke da jirgin saman a sararin sama

Lokacin da Hukumar Binciken yayi nazari, daki-daki sirri kula da harkokin matukan jirgin wanda ya gudu da jirgin sama a da rashin lafiya-fated rana, ta bayyana a fili da rashin basira. Daga cikin hali kayayyakin da kwamandan - Rustem Salikhov, inda ya yi aiki a kamfanin jirgin sama "Tatarstan" for kan ashirin da shekaru, duk da haka, a kwalkwali na jirgin sama samfurin Boeing-737 ya mai rookie.

Kafin ya tashi a matsayin navigator da kuma horo da ya faru a narkar da lokaci da cibiyar horaswa. Bincikensa ya sa mai girma shakka lasisi samu ta tsakiya, kazalika da, haramun na Salikhov kasuwanci matukin lasisi.

Da abokin tarayya - co-matukin jirgi V. Gutsul - inda ya yi aiki a cikin kamfanin na shekaru biyar, kawai a shekarar 2011 ya dauki da kwalkwali na Boeing-737. A baya can ya yi aiki a matsayin jirgin m, kuma kazalika da kwamandan, ba shi da isasshen kwarewa na jirgin.

Gaggawa halin da ake ciki a kan jirgin

Kazan Airport hadu zama shafi rauni ruwan sama da dusar ƙanƙara da stratocumulus. Duk da haka, Ganuwar ba kasa da goma kilomita, wanda damar gani monitoring yanayin. Yin a gudun 250 km / h al'ada saukowa m, a wata nisa na game da mita 500 daga farkon titin jiragen sama, da kyaftin sanar da ƙasa na da ya faru na gaggawa halin da ake ciki a kan jirgin. A cewar shi, da jirgin saman da ke cikin "vneposadochnom" wuri, ya jingina to da dama daga cikin hanya axis na hudu kilomita.

Wannan bayani ne gaba daya daidai da data kula filin jirgin sama a kan tushen da karatu. The m aka sanya ta atomatik. Kazan Airport an sanye take da latest lantarki jirgin sama shiriya tsarin a kan titin jiragen sama axis, da kuma cewa shi ne dalilin da kin amincewa, ya kasance m. Zai yiwu jirgin da aka rushe a cikin shugabanci na wani karfi tashin iska na iska.

Ƙirƙiri hali bukaci kira zuwa zagaye na biyu. Wannan rawar daji da aka yi ta atomatik ta yin amfani da Toga tsarin, musamman tsara don taimaka matuka gaggawa yanayi, da kuma outputting da jirgin sama tare da taimakon wani hasumiya mai fitila located a ƙasa a cikin saukowa matsayi. A nuna an kashe nasarar, amma, a karshen, wani abu ya faru da sakamakon cewa akwai wani hadarin jirgin sama a Kazan.

manual override

A rahoton The babbar hanyar sufurin jiragen sama kwamitin lura da cewa a lokacin da barin saukowa jirgin sama da kuma iko a manual yanayin. Kamar yadda ya bayyana da matukan jirgi kansu saba da management board na Boeing-737, wannan ƙarshe yana nufin cewa a lokacin da kammala sokewa na biyu matukin jirgi ya kama da matuƙin jirgin ruwa, ta haka ne a kashe da autopilot, wanda nuna da na'ura da ake so tsawo.

Yi la'akari da matsayin da gudanar da bincike gudanar da hadarin a Kazan, a farkon gudanar da ayyukansa daidai suke kuma dace da su na yin horar da. Kamar yadda aka nuna daga baya jirgin rubũtãwa, cirewa bayan da hadarin ya na black box, da shafi bar a wani yanayin kusa da takeoff. Its bude yatsun da aka canjawa wuri zuwa wuri, kuma ya fara hau ake bukata don ci gaba da rawar daji. Kuma haka a wannan mataki akwai wani m karo, ensuing hadarin a Kazan a 2013.

Zai yiwu matukin kuskure

Babu shakka, saboda matukin jirgin sama kuskure hanci hau sama sharply da kai up ga m kwana Boeing-737 a 25 °. Ya fara da hawa, amma matsayi na na'ura don a samar da karfi da juriya da ya kwarara daga zuwan iska, wanda a cikin sa digo a gudun 278 km / h zuwa 231 km / h.

Neman gaba, wajibi ne a ce cewa, bisa ga masana, a wannan lokacin ya wuce wani m batu na ba mai da. Rasa gudun, da jirgin saman ya tafi wata "turke", kuma ba cewa tsawo da aka a wannan lokacin ne musamman kananan ga fitarwa daga ganiya - 700 mita, ya cece shi ya gagara.

The ƙungiya dauki mataki don rage kwana na jirgin da hannu, ta amfani da yiwuwa na tuƙi ginshikan, na yi kokari ta juya ta shiga jirgi zuwa wani raguwa yanayin. Amma bayan rasa zama dole gudun, da jirgin saman ya fara hanzari mamaye ganiya kuma gangarawa zuwa ga ƙasa, da motsi a wani kwana na 70 °. Wannan drop ci gaba for game da ashirin seconds, bayan da shi a gudun 450 km / hour kusan vertically fado cikin titin jiragen sama.

A farko minti bayan da hadarin

The sauti na wani deafening fashewa da aka ji da dama kilomita bãya. A tsiyacewa tarzomar wuta gaggawa sabis Airport yi aiki har safe. Kawai a lokacin da wuta aka gaba daya bice, da aikin fara da wakilan da binciken hukumomi. Abin da suka gan su shiga cikin kaduwa. A lokacin da hadarin ya gudu ya haka high cewa babu wani daga cikin mutane da suke cikin jirgin sama da babu sa'a mafaka. A bala'i a Kazan juya Multi-ton inji a cikin m tarkace warwatse a kan wani babba nesa. Mixed faduwa iskroshennye guda na fuselage, kujeru, kaya da jikin mutane ...

Firgitar kãma waɗanda suka a kan wannan rana ya zo filin jirgin sama domin su sadu da abokai da dangi. A farko minti, babu wani daga cikinsu bai yi imani da gaskiyar abin da ya faru. Domin mafi yawan karshe bege ne mai yiwuwa cewa wani kuskure ya faru a kan fasinja jerin, kuma su iyali shi ba a kan jirgin. A daukacin kasar ya nuna goyon baya da wadanda suka rasa dangi da abokai. A waɗannan kwanaki, a cikin Rasha da kuma kasashen waje taro kafofin watsa labarai sun fi repeatable kalmar "bala'i", "Kazan", "da Boeing".

Don da bashi da taxi direbobi Ina da a ce wannan yamma suka bai ta da kudin tafiye-tafiye, shan damar. Bugu da ƙari, cikin tabarau sun rataye a kan gaban da motoci farantin da rubutu: "Don birnin for free," kuma koro haka duk wanda ya matsananciyar bukata don samun to Kazan - wani bala'i Nuwamba 17 united mutane. A wannan batun, ba na so in tuna yadda za a nuna hali su Moscow abokan aiki a 2014, lokacin da hadarin ya faru a cikin Moscow Metro.

A farkon da bincike

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci ayyuka na binciken hukumomi sun so "black kwalaye" - m jirgin rubũtãwa, wanda dauke da jirgin, kuma duk sigogi shawarce matukan jirgi kafin ya fadi a Kazan. Ba da da ewa tsakanin tarkace na jirgin sama ya iya nemo parametric rakoda, gyarawa dukan aikin kayan aikin da kayan lantarki.

Ya kasance a cikin lalace yanayin, amma duk da haka na da babban amfani ga bincike. Yana garzaya zuwa Moscow, inda dikodi mai na ta data yi masana na babbar hanyar sufurin jiragen sama kwamitin. Wahala mai yawa a sami wata murya mai rikodin kuma ji muryoyin na matukan jirgin, domin 'yan lokacin kafin mutuwarsa.

Yana mamaki cewa baya duk tattaunawar matukan jirgin ya zama jama'a. Mafi yawansu ba su kasance a karkashin shawarar da kwamitin ya zauna Unpublished. Wannan nan da nan ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa hasashe da cewa, watakila a cikin Matuka jirgin a lokacin da hadarin ya kasance daya daga cikin VIP-persons tashi wannan jirgin, kuma, kamar yadda wani sakamako, akwai tuhuma - ba su bauta idan ya sabani ayyuka hanyar da gaggawa. Yana da wani na kowa labarin - sakamakon shirun ne hasashe.

Results deciphering "black kwalaye"

A jira na "black kwalaye", da adana bayanai Mabudi sakamakon da aka scrutinized rikodi kyamarori m kula filin jirgin sama. Da suka kama karshe lokacin da jirgin. Matsayinsa siginar fitilu kuma portholes da hujjõji bayyanannu nuna gaskiyar cewa a lokacin da wata masifa, ya kasance kusan a tsaye matsayi. A binciken da aka samu daga cikin dalilan da ya tsokani Dawuda ya yi haka. Amsar wannan tambaya na iya kawai ba gudu, marubũta.

A cikin kwana biyu daga Moscow samu na farko da sakamakon. Duk da haka, deciphering "black akwatin", amsoshin akai-akai shirya kai tambayoyi, ta haifi sababbi. A parametric data nuna cewa matukan jirgin, yin m, aka tilasta tafi zuwa zagaye na biyu, amma abin da dalilai da ya hana su yin wannan aikin daga farko, ya kasance m. Duka biyu matukan jirgi Kazan filin jirgin sama ya da wani wuri na dindindin da aikin yi da, ba shakka, an yi sosai yi karatu. Abin da ya faru da wannan lokaci?

An m ya da bayanai nuna cikakken rashin aiki ƙungiya biyu a lokacin ban mamaki hau ƙare detrimental zuwa jirgin sama asarar kudi, da kuma lokacin da ya nutse, ko kuma wajen, kusan tsaye fall, wanda dade ashirin seconds.

Amsar wannan tambaya ba ba ko da wani cikakken binciken kiwon lafiya cards da direbobi shige su m gwajin sakamakon. A cikin wani hali, likitoci sun ce halayya don haka talauci a ko'ina cikin lokaci na m ganiya, wanda dade, kamar yadda riga ya bayyana, ashirin seconds, ko za su iya zama a cikin wani wuri wanda ba a iya lura da shi ba tsoro, ko kasancewa a cikin wani cikakken mãyen.

Sanya hannu na karshe rahoton da Hukumar Binciken

Tun da dikodi mai na "black akwatin" kuma bai ba da amsa ga wannan tambaya game da Sanadin bala'i da cewa ya haddasa mutuwar wani babban yawan mutanen da Boeing Corporation kwararru da aka shiga tsakani, tsunduma a cikin ci gaban da wannan jirgin sama. Sun zo da taimakon Faransa wakilan da manufacturer da injuna, wanda aka sanye take jiragen ruwa wannan model.

Kafa daya Subcommittee yi aiki har sai Satumba 16, 2014 da kuma hada baki ya Tsayawa akan matsayin cewa a lokacin da hadarin ya jirgin sama ya da lafiya. Ãyõyin gazawar jirgin sama fasahar ba zai iya samun wani records na hanyar haƙiƙa iko, watau rubũtãwa ko a cikin tsira da wani ɓaɓɓake daga cikin gyara da kuma majalisai na fadi jirgin sama.

A Afrilu 2015 duk mambobi na binciken hukumar sa su sa hannu a karkashin daftarin karshe rahoton. Lura Wannan daftarin aiki bai sa wani, ciki har da na aikin wakilin "Rasha jirgin sama". An kuma amince da wakilan duk kasashen da suka halarci a cikin aikin hukumar. Daga cikinsu akwai: Amurka, Faransa, Birtaniya da kuma Bermuda.

A dissenting ra'ayi na wakilin "Rasha jirgin sama"

Amma bayan watanni biyu na wannan haduwa da ra'ayoyi da aka karya. Sa hannu da daftarin aiki bisa ga abke, ya janye wakilin "na Rasha jirgin sama". Ga dalilai m ga sauran mambobin hukumar, hukumar koma ga tsohon version daga cikin dalilan da ya sa da hadarin ya faru a Kazan - wato ƙi lif kula da tsarin. Matsayin su, ba za a iya bayyana, kamar yadda na duniya yi ya nuna marasa aibu ƙarfin aiki na waɗannan abubuwa, kuma har yanzu bai kasance guda hali na rashin cin nasara.

Wannan shi ne su sanarwa da m sakamakon. Shugabannin babbar hanyar sufurin jiragen sama kwamitin bayar da umarni bisa ga abin da daukacin kasar ya dakatar aiki jirgin Boeing-737 iri. Duk da haka, "Tarayya Air sufuri Agency" sa'an nan ya nuna obstinacy - shi kawai watsi da umarni na mai matsayi kungiyar, da kuma jiragen ruwa na ci gaba da tashi da wannan model, kamar yadda idan babu abin da ya faru.

Matsaloli tare da shiri na jirgin crews

Cikin dukanin lokaci na gudanar da bincike a fagen view na m ofishin ya Shugaba na kamfanin jirgin sama "Tatarstan" Vladimir Portnov. A shi sa da alhakin ganin cewa ya, kamar yadda wani jirgin darektan, aikata wa management ta fasinja jiragen kwamandan Rustem Salikhov, wanda bisa ga bincike, yana da wani istinbadi dalilin zuwa. A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2015 tare da Vladimir Portnov ya kasance a karkashin gidan kama.

Masifa (737) Kazan tilasta su biya kusa da hankali ga batutuwan da horo na jirgin ma'aikata. Sai ya juya daga cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, saboda kudi matsaloli samu da "Tatarstan", shi ba zai yiwu ka aika da isasshen kudi don kula da masu sana'a matakin na matukan jirgi. Af, wannan matsala ta da yawa waje iska dako. Bisa ga rahoton da Turai kafofin watsa labarai, da dama kamfanonin yarda cewa saboda kasafin kudin constraints, aka tilasta rage sa'o'i na matukin horo.

A batu a wannan harka da aka tsĩrar a mako kafin sabon, 2016, a lokacin da babbar hanyar sufurin jiragen sama kwamitin bayar da karshe version na rubutu da bincike da sakamakon. A bala'i a Kazan, da Sanadin wanda aka kayyade a cikin daftarin aiki, bisa ga marubuta, shi ne sakamakon duka wani fasaha laifi da jirgin sama, abin da ya ce a cikin amincewarsa wakilin "na Rasha jirgin sama" da kuma rashin horar da matukan jirgi.

Inshora biya zuwa makokin iyalai

A daidai da dokar da jirgin sama, ta ƙungiya da dukan fasinjoji a jirgin da aka inshora. A sakamakon haka, da inshora kamfanin hadarin ya faru ne daidai an biya. Daga cikin wadannan, 580 miliyan rubles domin jirgin sama da kuma 100 000 rubles ga mutuwa na kowane ƙungiya memba. Iyalan fasinjoji a kan cewa jirgin, kuma sun kasance arba'in da huɗu, mutane sun samu daga kamfanin inshora na 2,025 miliyan rubles.

Jimlar kuɗin da aka biya ya kai dala miliyan 9.5. Ya kamata a lura cewa wadannan kudaden sun kasance mafi ƙanƙanci fiye da wadanda suke da dangi na mambobin kungiyar da aka kashe, kuma dangin wasu daga cikinsu sun sanar da niyyar kulla jirgin saman Tataristan dangane da biyan kuɗi. Haka kuma ya shafi 'yan fasinjoji na asali, wacce wannan jirgin ya kasance na karshe a rayuwa. Adadin da aka karɓa daga gare su an bayyane yake.

Ƙididdigar tunani

Da yake taƙaita dukkanin abubuwan da ke sama, ba zai yiwu ba a taba magance matsalolin da jirgin yarinya na Rasha ya samo asali, abin da ya faru ne a cikin Kazan. Masu aikin jirgi na wasu masu dauke da iska a cikin gida, wanda akwai kimanin mutum ɗari da ashirin da biyu a kasarmu, suna cikin matsayi kamar abokan aiki daga Tatarstan. Ƙwarewar ma'aikata da aminci na fasinjoji ya dogara da kashe kuɗin ilimi, kuma wannan filin ayyukan kamfanoni yana da matukar wuya a sarrafa.

Likitoci na hatsarori da suka faru a kan kamfanonin fararen hula a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ba ya kara da fata. A cewar rahotanni, Rasha lissafinsu game da 15% bisa dari na duka waɗanda aka kashe a cikin iska hadarurruka a duniya. Idan muka yi la'akari da cewa zirga-zirga na sufuri na Rasha ne kawai 2.8% na duniya, wannan yawan mutuwar tana sa muyi tunani game da yanayin tsaro. A karkashin kowa matsalolin da ya kamata a gani, kuma hatsarori a Tatarstan, na da akwai mutane da yawa a cikin tarihi na cikin gida da sifirin jiragen sama.