A babban birnin kasar na Khazars, aka gina a bakin Volga - Itil. A babban birnin kasar na Khazar Khanate

A Khazars aka sani tun da 6th karni, musamman hare-haren a kan Jojiya da kuma Armenia. Suka zauna a kan Volga zuwa Caucasus, karkarar zamani Rasha da Ukraine.

Daga cikin litattafan tarihi cewa babban birnin kasar na Khazars, aka gina a bakin Volga - Itil, wanda ya wanzu a cikin 8-10 karni. Game da ta da rubuta kafofin, misali, a cikin Larabawa-Persian adabi a kan yanayin gudanar da bincike.

Masana tarihi har yanzu ba su sani ba wanda kungiyar sanya wadannan kabilu. A asali version su suna dauke Turks, ko da yake akwai shawarwari abin da suka kasance Bulgars da Caucasians daga Arewacin Caucasus. Khazar Khanate ne ya cancanci da hankali, tun da 10th karni, ya ya iya iko da arewacin Black Sea yankin, da kuma wani babban yanki na Crimea. Tare da wanzuwar Khazars ne a hankali da alaka da tarihi na Kievan Rus.

An muhimmanci site ga babban birnin kasar na Khazar Khanate aka gina a bakin Volga - Itil. Cewa wannan birni da aka sadaukar domin art.

wuri

A garin da aka located a bakin cikin Volga River. Ya na tsaye a bakin cikin Caspian Sea, wanda yake shi ne sosai m Gwargwadon wuri. Wannan yarda da birnin zama da kasuwanci cibiyar na tsakiyar zamanai.

A daidai wurin da masana tarihi da kuma archaeologists kuma bai aka ƙaddara. Wannan shi ne saboda da cewa birnin kanta da aka gaba daya watsi da su. Wasu masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa babban birnin kasar na Khazars, aka gina a bakin Volga - Itil - located 15 kilomita daga Astrakhan. Wasu bayar da shawarar cewa, birnin ya tsaya a arewa (kusa da zamani Volgograd).

The kawai a san archaeologists Samosdelka tudun aka located a cikin Astrakhan yankin. An yi karatu tun 1990, kuma Dates baya ga 9-10 karni. Masana kimiyya da dama imani da shi ya babban birnin kasar na Khazars. Akwai ka'idar cewa kauyen da aka wanke tafi da Caspian Sea saboda wani Yunƙurin a ruwa matakin.

Mene ne ci gaba da yi wa

A babban birnin kasar na Khazar Khanate ya wata babbar teku, da kuma kogin tashoshin jiragen ruwa, kazalika da wani muhimmin kasuwanci cibiyar. Yana da alaka da m wuri na gari, ta hanyar abin da ya fi muhimmanci cinikayya hanyoyi na lokaci.

Babban shopping yankunan a tsakiyar zamanai:

• China-Turai. Turawa sun kasance kullum sha'awar abubuwa daga Gabas. Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci kayayyaki ga abin da suka kasance son biya a cikin zinariya, ya siliki. Bugu da kari wa tashar jiragen ruwa suka kawo kayan yaji, luxuries. A wani hanya, wannan hanya ne sau da yawa ake kira Great Silk Road.

• Biarmia-Bagadaza Khalifanci. Tare da wannan hanya, yan kasuwa musayar azurfa a kan Jawo.

• "Daga cikin Vikings ga Khazars." Wannan hanya ne bude ga Khazars ciniki damar a Yammacin Turai. A hanya gudanar ta hanyar birnin Regensburg, Prague, Krakow, Kiev.

Akwai shaida, ga abin da shi ne da aka sani cewa Rasha yan kasuwa da aka faruwa saukar da Volga a Itil.

Menene sunan Itil

A garin da aka located a bakin kogin, saboda haka ba abin mamaki bane cewa a Turkic da sunan da nufin "kogi". Akwai version na fassara daga Ibrananci na sunan wanda yake nufin "kwastan wajibi", wanda aka gaske faruwa ga wucewa jiragen ruwa. Duk da haka, da kara amincewa da ya fassara daga cikin Turkish harshe.

Yana da muhimmanci a fahimci cewa Itil sunan ya bayyana dangane da babban birnin kasar ne kawai a cikin 10th karni. Saboda haka 'yan kasashen waje sun zama magana na gari, ko da yake Khazars amfani da dukan mazauna wani sunan, kuma mun san na kasance sunan wani kogi, ko daya daga cikin sassa na birnin.

babban birnin kasar tsarin

Masana kimiyya sun iya kamar sake gina bayyanar da birni. An yi imani da cewa shi kunshi sassa uku located a garesu na duniya. A yammacin da kuma gabashin yankunan da aka raba ta da Volga. Haye tsakanin su da jirgin ruwa.

Don yamma da kogin rayu wani sarki da m da kuma sojojin. Wannan ne mafi yawan ƙauyuka da kuma kira (zuwa yamma na Volga River) Itil. Yana rayu daga 10 zuwa 16 da mutane dubu. A yammacin ɓangare aka raba daga kauye da wani garu bango, wanda ya hudu jimloli a cikin nau'i na ƙofar. Biyu daga cikinsu, suka tafi zuwa cikin tashar jiragen ruwa, da kuma wasu biyu - a cikin steppe.

A gabashin birnin da aka ciniki cibiyar da kamanta cikinta kasuwanni, warehouses, baho.

Therebetween (mai yiwuwa a tsibirin) is located a sulusin tare da manyan gidãje ga shugabanni. Suka yi na ƙona tubali. Talakawa 'yan ƙasa da aka ba a yarda ya gina wannan abu, haka gidajensu aka ji yurts, katako, alfarwansu. Wasu mutane rayu a dugouts.

A birnin na yawan

A babban birnin kasar na Khazar Khanate sãɓã wa jũna quite bambancin yawan jama'a. Ga lumana yi cu] anya da Kiristoci, Majusawa, musulmai, yahudawa. The Muslim al'umma da aka hada da 'yan kasuwa,' yan sana'a, da sarauta tsare. Yahudawa - daga 'yan kasuwa, mazauna da suka gudu daga zalunci a Rum. Al'ummai sun kasance mafi yawa Slavs.

Duk da rigingimu tsakanin mutane yanke mai hukunci wanda jagoranci da musamman jami'in na sarki. Ga Yahudawa, Krista da musulmai sun kasance biyu mahukunta ga al'ummai - daya.

A babban birnin kasar na Khazars, aka gina a bakin Volga - Itil - zaci dakin kawai a cikin hunturu. Daga watan Afrilu zuwa watan Nuwamba, mazauna sanya a kan kakanninsu filaye, da matalauta aikin gona. A kusa da birnin housed kauyen da kuma arable ƙasar, da girbi daga wanda aka tsĩrar a cikin Itil a cikin ƙasa da ruwa.

A mutuwa na gari

Halakar da babban birnin kasar na Khazars (Itil) yana cikin biyu da rabi na 10th karni. Wannan taron da ake dangantawa da sarkin Kievan Rus Svyatoslav Igorevich. The yawan tsere daga kama da birnin, iya fakewa a kan tsibiran a yankin Neja Delta na kogin.

By farkon 11th karni Rus bar babban birnin kasar, da kuma shi ya iya komawa cikin Khazar fādar sarki. Duk da haka, birnin wakilta, bisa ga al-Biruni, kango. Its m tarihi ne ba a sani ba.