Ƙirgar Algorithms - zane da tsari da kuma lissafi

The rayuwar yau da kullum na kowane mutum ne ga magance wata babbar dama ayyuka, yana mai sãɓãnin wahala a aiki ko yayin karatu. Wasu ayyuka ne don haka sauki, da cewa a cikin aiwatar da muka yi wasu ayyuka ta atomatik, ba tare da ko tunanin. Maganin wani matsala, har ma da sauki, kamar yadda mai mulkin, yana da za'ayi consistently ga 'yan matakai. Wannan irin daidaito a warware matsalolin da ake kira wani algorithm. Yau za mu dubi abin da wani mikakke lissafi mai tsauri, da tsarin da aka wakilta a matsayin sanya su yanke shawara da kuma shirye-shirye.

algorithmic harshe

Wannan ra'ayi shi ne ainihin takardar sayen magani ga artist yi jerin ayyuka, wanda aka nufi ga maganin matsalar.

Wannan harshe ne a wajen kwatanta Algorithms cewa suna mayar da hankali kullum a kan mai amfani.

Idan ya zo ga kwamfuta harshe, kamar yadda aka nuna ta ainihin takardar sayen magani, ma'ana wani mai aiki da na'urar kwamfuta tsari. Ya, bi da bi, take kaiwa daga farko data, cewa iyaka, to da sakamakon asali.

Development of wani algorithm - shi ne quite rikitarwa, kuma lokaci-cinyewa tsari. Yana da wani tari na dabaru (ci gaban) a jerin ayyuka, tsara don magance matsalolin da taimakon kwakwalwa.

Properties algorithm

Daga cikin Properties emit:

• reshe - shi ne cikar dukan algorithm ga ma'ana mai iyaka yawan matakai (matakai).
• yaƙĩni (unambiguous) - wakiltar musamman na fassarar dokoki domin yin ayyuka, da kuma tsari na kisa.
• tasiri - da ake so results for wani guntun yawan matakai.
• hujjõji - share umarnin dole ne ya kasance haƙĩ.
• taro - Algorithms ya kamata su iya warware wani aji na matsaloli musamman ga general halitta da matsalar.

Ƙirgar lissafi mai tsauri. Computer Class 9

Mun riga tattauna definition da kaddarorin da ra'ayi. Yanzu bari mu magana game da siffofin:

• Ƙirgar.
• sashe.
• tare da sake zagayowar.

Mu ne sha'awar mikakke lissafi mai tsauri. Abin da suke? Sun dauke da dokokin da za a kashe daya bayan daya a cikin wani sarari jerin.

A mikakke tsarin da algorithm za a iya rubuta a fi'ili da kuma zana siffar.

Ga wani misali, da ke rubuce a cikin fi'ili form. Saboda haka, da aiki: Tattara makaranta. bayani:

• Fara.
• Tsaya.
• Shin bada.
• Ka wanke fuskarka.
• Samun ado.
• Breakfast.
• Tara fayil.
• Ƙare.

Zana siffar predsatvlyat sama tsari zai zama kamar haka:

Ƙirgar algorithm a block zane tsari,

A block zane wakiltar abar image algorithm a cikin abin da kowane a ware lokaci da aka wakilta tubalan wakilci a da dama lissafi siffofi. Bayan haka, alaka tsakanin saukarwa (a cikin wasu kalmomi, da jerin kisa lokaci) aka nuna ta kibiyoyi, wanda connect guda (tubalan). Kowane block yana tare da wani rubutu. Domin hankula ayyuka wadannan da algorithm amfani a cikin mikakke lissafi siffofi :

• Block farko-karshen algorithm. A cikin block ne rubutu "farkon" ko "karshen".
• "Input-fitarwa" naúrar. Wannan block aka wakilta a cikin wani nau'i na parallelogram. Ya sanya wadannan rubutu: "Input", "karbo", "buga". Har ila yau, a haɗe zuwa gare su a jerin shigar ko, bi da bi, da fitarwa canji.
• Ilmin lissafi naúrar, ko block yanke shawara. Yana yayi dace da wani murabba'i mai dari. A nuni naúrar ya kamata: "aiki", "wani rukuni na aiki."

Amma tare da taimako daga block zane-zane wanda aka nuna bayani daga mikakke lissafi mai tsauri. Next, bari mu magana game da siffofin assigning dabi'u.

Ƙirgar mai aiki da na'urar kwamfuta Algorithms

Main na farko mataki a cikin mai aiki da na'urar kwamfuta Algorithms - wannan aiki na canji wani daraja. A cikin akwati inda m darajar ƙaddara da siffar ta rikodi, sami takamaiman m darajar kawai a sakamakon da aiki. Wannan na iya a cika ta hanyoyi guda biyu: ta wajen aiki wa'azi. ta shigar da umarnanka.

Wani misali na wani algorithm domin warware mikakke

Ga wani misali bayanin dokokin rarrabawa da kasarun adadi da mikakke algorithm cewa makaranta litattafan da abun ciki:

• numerator na sulusi da murabba'i 1 kamata a yawaita da hada da sulusi da murabba'i 2;
• 1 cikin hada da za a yawaita da numerator 2;
• kana so ka yi rikodin sulusi da murabba'i, wanda numerator ne sakamakon aiwatar da sakin layi na 1, da kuma hada - sakamakon wani 2 da maki. A algebraic nau'i na wannan mulki ne kamar haka:

a / b: c / d = (a * d) / (b * d) = m / n.

Saboda haka, za mu gina wata kwamfuta algorithm ga rarraba kasarun adadi. Don kauce wa rikice, za mu yi amfani da canji ne guda ma'ana kamar yadda a cikin dabara da aka kayyade a sama. a, b, c, d- asali data kamar yadda lamba canji. A sakamakon haka zai zama lamba dabi'u. da algorithmic harshen bayani zai zama kamar haka:

Sal rabo daga kasarun adadi

farkon

dalilai da, b, c, d, m, n

gudanar da wani, b, c, d

m: = wani * d

n: = b * tare da

janyewar m, n

wasan

Graphic format mafita

Students mikakke algorithm aka bayyana a sama ne kamar haka:

sanya wani darajar da tawagar yana da wadannan format:

M: = magana.

The alamar "=" an karanta kamar su rababbe.

Aiki - wata tawagar, wanda wajibi ne ga kwamfuta zartar da wadannan ayyuka:

• kimantawa da magana;
• assigning m dabi'u samu.

The sama algorithm yana da biyu dokokin kamar yadda aiki. A block zane na umurnin aiki ya kamata a rubuta a cikin wani murabba'i mai dari, wanda ake kira da sarrafa kwamfuta naúrar.

Lokacin da aka bayyana da mikakke lissafi mai tsauri, babu wani musamman bukatar m yarda da tsauraran sharudda lokacin rubuta maganganu. Zaka iya rikodin su ta amfani da saba ilmin lissafi form. Amma wannan ba wani m shirye-shirye da harshen cakude.

A cikin wannan misali, da algorithm ya ma sun shiga cikin tawagar:

Shigar da, b, c, d.

shigar da umurnin a kashi da aka rubuta a cikin parallelogram, Ina nufin shigar-fitarwa naúrar. Lokacin da aiwatar da wannan umurni, da processor tarnhayar har da mai amfani da za su gudanar da wani wasu ayyuka. Wato, mai amfani bukatar shigar da na'urar (keyboard) rubuta labari canji (su dabi'u) kuma latsa Shigar, wanda abubuwa a matsayin Shigar da key. Yana da muhimmanci cewa dabi'u da aka shigar a cikin wannan tsari a matsayin shigar da jerin, located a cikin daidai canji.

Ƙirgar algorithm. ta shirye-shirye

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya a wannan labarin, da mikakke shirin na iya hada irin wadannan maganganu:

• aiki.
• commissioning.
• ƙarshe.

Wannan shi ne, ta yin amfani da sama aiki don shirye-shirye mikakke lissafi mai tsauri.

Saboda haka, aiki sadarwarka a cikin shirye-shirye da harshen da aka rubuta kamar haka:

KADA KA YALE A = B, inda A - da m B - albarkacin baki. Alal misali, A = Y + 20.

shigarwa sadarwarka ne kamar haka:

Input, misali: Input C

sadarwarka data fitarwa, da dabi'u da aka rubuta a cikin hanyar:

BUGA. Alal misali buga S.

A nan ne mai sauki misali. Muna bukatar mu rubuta wani shirin cewa zai samu adadin shigar daga keyboard lambobin A da B.

A shirye-shirye da harshen, mun samu wani shirin, da rubutu na wanda aka nuna a kasa.

shigarwa aiki, fitarwa a cikin Pascal shirye-shirye da harshen

Pascal ba ware musamman aiki, ya nuna a shigar ko fitarwa ayyukan da suke amfani da mikakke lissafi mai tsauri. A shirye-shirye na musayar bayanai ne da za'ayi tare da taimakon gina-in hanyoyin. Tun da babu wani bukatar wani na farko bayanin da misali hanya, shi ne samuwa ga kowane shirin, dauke da wani tunani da shi. Har ila yau da sunan ce hanya ba Project wani keyword.

Lokacin shigar da bayanai ta amfani da irin wannan aiki don isa ga misali hanya na data shigarwa cewa an riga an batutuwa a cikin shirin.

Karanta (A, B, C), inda A, B, C - da canji cewa dole ne a shiga cikin memory domin ajiya.

Readlnn (x1, y, x2) - kammala shigarwa, siginan kwamfuta tsalle zuwa farkon wani sabon line.

Readlnn. - nuna jiran manema «Shigar». Yawanci wannan sadarwarka da aka saka a cikin rubutu kafin karshe «Karshen», to ajiye sakamakon shirin a kan allo abinda ke ciki.

Fitarwa data a kan duba allo ta yin amfani da wadannan aiki:

Rubuta (A, B, C) - tantancewa da dabi'u na A, B, C in daya jere, da kuma siginan ba bar yanzu line.

Writeln (z, y, Z2) - kawo karshen fitarwa dabi'u, siginan kwamfuta za ta motsa zuwa wani sabon layi a wannan wuri.

writeln. - shaida auku a layi da kuma matsawa zuwa farkon wani sabon daya.

Amma tare da taimako daga wannan sauki kalamai da kuma za'ayi shigar da fitarwa daga data a Pascal.