Yakin a Kogin Neva: Dalilin da Sakamako

A ranar 15 ga watan Yuli, 1240, an yi nasarar yaƙi a kan kogin Neva. Sojojin Rasha a karkashin umurnin Alexander Nevski, lashe wani crushing nasara a kan sojojin da Sweden. Bayan wannan taron, Alexander ya sami sunan mai suna Nevsky. Wannan sunan ya san kowace Rasha da yau.

Prehistory

Yaƙin da ke kan Kogin Neva a 1240 ba ya fara ba da gangan ba. An gabatar da wasu abubuwa masu muhimmanci na siyasa da na tarihi.

A cikin farkon rabin karni na 13, Swedes, bayan sun hada tare da Novgorodians, suka yi ta kai hare-haren yau da kullum a kan kabilun Finnish. Sun kira su tarzomar ƙaddamarwa, dalilin da ya sa ya sa mutane da yawa su yarda da su. Mafi yawan Swedes sun sha wahala kabilan kudi da kudi. Wannan shine dalili na rikici. Swedes sun ji tsoro daga Finns, saboda haka suka yi kokarin baftisma da su kuma suka sanya su masõyansu.

Masu nasara ba su tsaya a can ba. A wani lokaci kuma sun kai hare-haren ta'addanci a ƙasashen da ke Neva, da kuma kai tsaye a kan yankin na Novgorod. Sweden ya raunana sosai ta hanyar rikice-rikicen gida, don haka ya nemi jawo hankulan mutane da dama da dama da dama. Ba su damu ba don su rinjayi magoya bayan sauki don su rinjaye su don su rinjaye su. Na dogon lokaci, sojojin Finno-Karelian suka kai wa ƙasashen Sweden, kuma a shekara ta 1187 suka haɗu da Novgorodians. Sun kone Sigtuna, tsohuwar birnin Sweden.

Wannan rikici ya dade da dogon lokaci. Kowace gefe, duka Yaren mutanen Sweden da Rasha, sun nemi kafa ikonta a ƙasar Izhora, wadda take a cikin Neva, da kuma Isthmus na Karelian.

Wani lamari mai mahimmanci kafin wannan irin wannan shahararrun lamarin yayin yakin da aka yi a kan Kogin Neva shi ne shelar murƙushe na biyu na Paparoma Gregory IX a watan Disamba na 1237. A watan Yuni, 1238, Sarkin Denmark Voldemar II da kuma shugaban kungiyar hadin gwiwar Herman von Balk sun yarda kan ragowar jihar Eston, da kuma fara aikin soja a kan Rasha a yankin Baltic tare da shigar da Swedes. Wannan shi ne abin da ya haifar da yaki akan Kogin Neva. Kwanan wata, wanda aka sani a yanzu, ya zama mafita a cikin tarihin Rasha da kuma dangantaka da kasashe makwabta. Yaƙin ya nuna ikon da jihar ta yi don tayar da babbar rundunonin abokan gaba. Ya kamata a tuna cewa yakin basasa a Neva ya faru a wani lokaci mai wuya. Kasashen Rasha ne kawai suka fara farfadowa bayan da Mongolian mamayewa da ƙarfin dakarun da aka raunana sosai.

Yakin Yammacin Kogin Neva: Sources

Bayani game da irin wadannan abubuwan tarihi da suka faru a duniyar da suka wuce suna tattarawa ta hanyar bit. Mutane da yawa masu bincike suna da sha'awar abubuwan da suka faru kamar yakin Nilu Neva, kwanan wata. A taƙaice, an kwatanta wannan yaki a cikin takardu na tarihi. Hakika, irin waɗannan kafofin sun kasance kaɗan. Daya daga cikin sanannun shahararren ana iya kiran shi labarin farko na Novgorod. Har ila yau ana iya tattara bayanai daga labarin game da rayuwar Alexander Nevsky. An ɗauka cewa an rubuta shi ne ta zamani daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru a baya bayan shekaru arba'in na karni na sha uku.

Idan muka yi la'akari da tushen Scandinavia, to, ba su da cikakken bayani game da waɗannan batutuwa masu muhimmanci kamar yakin Nilu Neva da yakin Ice. Mutum kawai zai iya karanta cewa an ƙwace ƙananan ƙananan yankunan Sweden a cikin tsarin gwanin Finnish.

Ba ma san wanda ya jagoranci sojojin Scandinavia ba. Bisa ga tushen Rasha, masana kimiyya sun ce wannan surukin Sarki Birger Magnusson ne.

Amma yar yar Sweden ta zama kawai a cikin 1248, kuma a lokacin yakin sun kasance Ulf Fasi, wanda, mafi mahimmanci, ya jagoranci watan Maris. Bugu da} ari, Birger bai shiga cikin wannan ba, kodayake akwai ra'ayi na daban. Saboda haka, sakamakon binciken da aka gano na archaeological ya nuna cewa Birger ya ji rauni a gaban kansa a lokacin rayuwarsa. Wannan ya dace da bayanin da Alexander Nevsky ya yi wa sarki ido.

Yakin Yammacin Neva: kwanan wata

Tarihin tarihi har zuwa karni na 16 ba a rubuta su a wasu kafofin yada labarai ba. Sau da yawa masana tarihi ba za su iya tabbatar da ranar daidai ba ko ma kusan lokacin lokacin da wannan ko wannan yaki ya faru. Amma wannan ba ya shafi wannan muhimmin abu a matsayin yakin a kan kogin Neva. A wace shekara ta faru? Masana tarihi sun san ainihin amsar wannan tambayar. Wannan gwagwarmayar ya fara daga Yuli 15, 1240.

Events kafin yaki

Babu yakin da ya fara ba tare da bata lokaci ba. Yawancin abubuwan da suka faru sun faru, wanda ya haifar da irin wahalar da ake fuskanta a kan Kogin Neva. A shekarar da ya faru, ya fara wa Swedes ta hanyar haɗawa da Novgorodians. A lokacin rani jiragen ruwa suka isa bakin Neva. Swedes da abokansu suka sauka a kan tekun da kuma shimfiɗa ta alfarwansu. Wannan ya faru a wurin da Izhora ya shiga Neva.

An haɗu da abun da ke cikin sojojin. Ya hada da Swedes, Novgorodians, Norwegians, wakilan yankunan Finnish da, ba shakka, Katolika bishops. An kare iyakokin ƙasar Novgorod ta hanyar kariya ta teku. An ba da shi ta hanyar iziniyawa a bakin Neva, a bangarorin biyu na Gulf of Finland. Shi ne dattijon wannan garkuwar Pelgusiy a asuba na ranar Yuli kuma ya gano cewa Tsibirin Flotilla ya riga ya kusa. Manzannin sun gaggauta sanar da Prince Alexander kan wannan.

Kwanan gwagwarmayar Livonian na Swedes zuwa Rasha sun fara ne kawai a watan Agustan, wanda ya nuna cewa suna cikin hali mai jira, da kuma saurin gaggawa da Yarima Alexander. Da yake ya karbi labarin cewa abokin gaba ya riga ya kusa, sai ya yanke shawara yayi aiki da kansa, ba tare da neman taimakon mahaifinsa ba. Alexander Yaroslavovich ya tafi yaki tare da kananan 'yan wasa. Yaƙi a kan Kogin Neva ya zama damar da yaron ya nuna kansa a matsayin kwamandan. Saboda haka, yawancin sojoji ba su da lokaci su shiga shi. A gefen Alexander, akwai kuma 'yan bindigar Ladozhsky da suka shiga tare da shi a hanya.

Bisa ga ka'idojin da aka samu a yanzu, dukan 'yan wasan sun taru kusa da Hagia Sophia, inda Akbishop Spiridon ya sami albarka. A lokaci guda kuma, Alexander ya ba da jawabi mai raɗaɗi, wanda ya faɗo daga abin da aka sani har yanzu: "Allah ba shi da iko, amma a gaskiya!"

Rundunar ta tashi tare da ƙasar tare da Volkhov River zuwa Ladoga kanta. Daga can ya juya zuwa bakin Izhora. A mafi yawan bangarorin, sojojin sun kunshi mayaƙan da aka kafa, amma akwai magunguna. Don ajiye lokaci a kan hanya, wannan ɓangare na detachment kuma koma a horseback.

Tsawon lokaci na Yakin

Yaƙin ya fara ne ranar 15 ga Yuli, 1940. An san cewa a cikin sojojin Rasha, baya ga tawagar 'yan sanda, akwai wasu akalla uku na masu mulki na Novgorod, da ladozhane.

A cikin "Rayuwa" sunaye sunayen mayaƙa shida da suka aikata ayyukan jaruntaka yayin yakin.

Gavrilo Olekseich ya tafi jirgi na abokan gaba, inda aka raunata wanda aka ji rauni, amma duk da haka ya sake shiga jirgi kuma ya cigaba da yaki. Sbaslav Yakunovich yana da makamai kawai, amma duk da haka ya gudu zuwa gagarumin yakin. Ba a yi nasara da ƙarfin zuciya ba, kuma mafarauci Alexandra Yakov Polochanin. Yaron Savva ya shiga cikin sansanin abokan gaba kuma ya shuka alfarwar Swedes. Misha daga Novgorod ya shiga yakin basasa kuma ya kwashe jiragen ruwa guda uku. Ratmir, bawan Alexander Yaroslavovchia, ya yi yaki da Swedes da yawa, bayan haka ya ji rauni kuma ya mutu a fagen fama.

Yaƙin ya kasance daga safiya zuwa maraice. Da dare abokan gaba suka watsu. Swedes, ganin cewa sun sha wahala a cin nasara, sun koma kan jirgin ruwa da suka ketare zuwa ketare.

An san cewa sojojin Rasha ba su bi abokan gaba ba. Dalilin wannan ba a sani ba. Zai yiwu, al'adar da ta dace ba ta tsoma baki a lokacin jinkirin da za a binne mayakansu ya shafi. Watakila Alexander bai ga yadda ake buƙatar kashe wani ɓangare na sauran Swedes ba kuma bai so ya hadarin dakarunsa ba.

Rashin haɗin Rasha ya samo asali ne ga masu daraja na XX, kuma ya kamata a kara masu kula da su a nan. Daga cikin Swedes, matattu sunfi yawa. Masana tarihi sun yi magana akan mutane da dama, idan ba daruruwan mayakan matattu ba.

Sakamako

Yaƙin da ke kan Kogin Neva, wanda aka tuna da shi a tsawon shekaru, ya taimaka wajen hana hatsarin Sweden da Rundunar zuwa Rasha a nan gaba. Rundunar sojojin Alexander ta dakatar da tsayar da su daga Ladoga da Novgorod.

Duk da haka, 'yan jarun Novgorod sun fara jin tsoro cewa ikon Alexander zai karu. Sun fara gina wajan samari irin wadannan makamai, saboda haka ya tilasta masa ya tafi mahaifinsa Yaroslav. Ba da da ewa, duk da haka, da suka tambaye shi ya koma ga ci gaba da yakin da ta Livonian Order, wanda ya zo Pskov.

Makamin yaƙin

Domin kada a manta da abubuwan da suka faru a kan Neva, 'ya'yan Alexander sun yi ƙoƙari su ci gaba da tunawa da su. Don haka, an halicci ginshiƙan gine-ginen al'ada, wanda aka mayar da su akai-akai. Bugu da ƙari, hoton Alexander Nevsky ya sami tunaninsa akan tsabar tsabar kudi da jubili.

A Alexander Nevsky Lavra

Wannan Peter ya gina gini ne a 1710. An gina Wurin Alexander Nevsky a bakin bakin Black River a St. Petersburg. A wancan lokacin ana zaton cewa an yi yakin a wannan wuri. A inspirer da mahaliccin Laura zama Domenico Trezzini. Daga bisani, wasu gine-gine sun ci gaba da aikinsu.

A shekara ta 1724, Alexander Yaroslavovich da aka kawo shi a nan. Yanzu ƙasa na laurels na kasa ne na kasa. Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi majami'u da yawa, kayan gargajiya da kuma hurumi. Yana gida ne ga mutanen da suka san irin su Mikhail Lomonosov, Alexander Suvorov, Nikolai Karamzin, Mikhail Glinka, Modest Mussorgsky, Peter Tchaikovsky, Feodor Dostoevsky.

Ikilisiyar Alexander Nevsky a Ust-Izhora

An gina wannan gini don girmama nasarar a cikin yakin 1240. Ranar da aka gina - shekaru 1711. Sau da yawa Ikilisiya ta kone kuma ya dawo dasu. A ƙarshen XVIII karni parishioners sojojin dutse haikalin da aka gina tare da baƙin ƙarfe railings kuma mai kararrawa hasumiya.

A 1934 an rufe ikklisiya kuma an yi amfani da shi tsawon lokaci a matsayin ɗaki. A lokacin Leningrad, an gina hasumiya na haikalin, yayin da yake aiki a matsayin maƙasudin mahimmanci ga magungunan Jamus.

A shekara ta 1990, aikin ya fara sabuntawa na Ikilisiya, kuma bayan 'yan shekaru bayan haka an tsarkake shi. A coci akwai ƙananan hurumi, kazalika da wani babban tarihin ɗakin sujada tare da hoton Alexander Nevsky.

Rubutun kuɗi da hatimi

Lokaci-lokaci, hoton Alexander Yaroslavovich yana amfani da shi a cikin bugu na kasuwanci. Don haka, a 1995 an saki bankin tunawa da hotunansa. A shekara ta jubili bayan yakin, manyan alamu suna samarwa, waxanda suke da sha'awa sosai ga mawallafa.

Garkuwa

A 2008, aka saki fim din mai wallafa "Alexander Nevsky Battle". Ya fada game da farkon mulkin matasa a Novgorod. A karshe na wasanni na yaƙin yaki da yaƙin Neva.

A fim starring irin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kamar yadda Anton Pampushny, Svetlana da Bakulin Igor Botwin. Darakta - Igor Kalenov.