Wurare dabam dabam na abubuwa a cikin biosphere

Kusan kowace schoolchild sani cewa zagayowar kwayoyin halitta a Muciya, tare da wani canji na makamashi shi ne tushen wanzuwar yanayi da kome da alaka da shi. Very schematically, wannan sake zagayowar za a iya takaitashi a matsayin haka. Babu shakka abin da ke faruwa rayayyun kwayoyin halitta cinye yawa albarkatun ma'adinai na wannan yanayi, da kuma bayan mutuwarsa, a cikin hanyar daban-daban sinadaran abubuwa da baya cikin wannan yanayi, fiili, da keke na kwayoyin halitta a cikin biosphere. Wannan tsari ne da kuma kira biogenic tsari, da kuma sanya kwarara da ya yi da yanayi, lithosphere da hydrosphere. Cyclical kuma repeatable abu canji mamaki a kan daban-daban hawan keke ya kai ga sunan - da sake zagayowar.

Kusan ba tare da togiya, rayayyun kwayoyin halitta ne da hannu a cikin wannan sake zagayowar. Alal misali, kore shuke-shuke cinye, wanda shi ne a cikin iska, carbon dioxide, ma'adanai, da kuma ya zama ruwan dare yanayi oxygen.

Fauna numfashi guda oxygen, wanda aka sake ta shuke-shuke, da kuma ta cin wadannan shuke-shuke, sha da kuma maimaita kwayoyin halitta. Bugu da ƙari kuma, bayan mutuwar shuke-shuke da dabbobi, da ragowar ake sarrafa ta daban-daban kwayoyin ta samar da carbon dioxide da kuma hira da gudanar da mahadi a cikin ma'adinai abu.

Sai wurare dabam dabam na abubuwa a cikin biosphere - aiwatar da juya da kuma kawar da abubuwa Saide a cikin ƙasa, inda suka fada ma'adanai, sa'an nan, bi da bi, tunawa da shuka duniya. Don takaita wannan sake zagayowar a atomic matakin, shi ya kamata a fairly sauki ƙarshe - sunadaran wasu daga cikin mafi muhimman sinadaran abubuwa, yi mai gudana aiwatar da hijirarsa, ba kawai daga daya kwayoyin zuwa wani, amma daga daya irin yanayi zuwa wani - consistently ba a cikin ƙasa, yanayi da kuma hydrosphere.

Yawan irin hawan keke ne kusan iyaka, ga misali, an kiyasta cewa yanayi oxygen a cikin cikakken har a cikin shekaru biyu da kananan dubu wuce ta rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. A wannan yunkuri da ke sa da carbon dioxide, kawai sai ta sake zagayowar daukan kasa lokaci - kawai 200-300 shekaru. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na wannan tsari, wanda shi ne sake zagayowar na kwayoyin halitta a cikin Muciya, kadai daya sake zagayowar magani aka kira biogeochemical hawan keke.

Abin da aka kaddara da wannan sake zagayowar? Abin baƙin ciki, m, da kuma mafi muhimmanci, cike da amsoshin wannan tambaya shi ne ba. Iya dogara tabbatar da cewa daya daga cikin dalilan a cikin ni'imar hanya constraints na duniya tamu. Wani bambance-bambancen da amsar da za a iya dogaro da koyarwar mai girma Vernadsky a Muciya a wanda ya raba da wanzuwar wani sarari yawa, wanda shi ne saboda ba kawai ga keke na al'amarin, amma kuma canza sauti na sararin samaniya ciki. An gane cewa, duk iri hawan keke, kamar yadda muka ba localize su a cikin lokaci da kuma sarari, suna da abu daya a cikin kowa ga dukkan dũkiyõyinsu. Dukan su suna da alaka da tafiyar matakai na samar da makamashi metabolism. Da farko, a matsayin tushen da sake zagayowar, shi aikin samar da makamashi na rana. An sa'an nan tuba a cikin daban-daban na makamashi da kuma sinadaran jiki canje, amma saboda ba za mu iya magana game da zagayowar na makamashi, wani fursuna a cikin biosphere. Stability na tafiyar matakai na samar da makamashi da kuma nazarin halittu magani ne babban sharadin da wata al'ada da kuma barga jihar na biosphere.

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, daya daga cikin mafi "aiki mambobi" na kewaye ne carbon. A gaban wannan kashi a kusan duk kwayoyin abubuwa Azancin bayyana carbon sake zagayowar a Muciya. A tsari na photosynthesis, carbon-assimilates daga Muciya zones shuke-shuke da kuma tuba a cikin carbohydrates. Lokacin da numfasawa na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta, wannan tsari da aka juyawa, kuma a sakamakon shi ne ya ciyar a sararin reserves a cikin carbon sake zagayowar. Babban abubuwan da sanin da carbon magani ne numfasawa da photosynthesis.

Har ila yau daya daga cikin manyan abubuwa na duk kwayoyin halitta ne nitrogen. Ya, kamar yadda wani muhimmin bangaren, dauke da ATP, sunadarai, nucleic acid. Nitrogen yana kunshe da farko a cikin sararin sama, da kuma ta kwayoyin dabara ba da damar da shuke-shuke yi amfani da shi kai tsaye. Saboda haka shuke-shuke cinye nitrogen kamar yadda inorganic abubuwa. The hanyoyin da wanda nitrogen da aka kawota cikin ƙasa, kõ kuwa ruwa, ne daban-daban, don haka wurare dabam dabam na nitrogen da aka bambanta a Muciya. Alal misali, wasu daga cikin nitrogen mahadi kafa a cikin yanayi a lokacin saukar aradu. Tare da ruwan sama, ko kuma gudu-kashe da suka je kogin, gona, lake, inda nan tunawa da shuke-shuke.

Kamar yadda za a iya gani, a dukkan lokuta, rayayyun kwayoyin halitta ne dalilin samuwar kewaye kayan a cikin biosphere.