Semiconductor Lasers:-daban na na'ura, da aiki da ka'ida, da yin amfani da

Semiconductor lasers ne jimla janareto tushen semiconductor aiki matsakaici, cikinsa da na gani karawa da kara kuzari watsi da aka halitta a miƙa mulki tsakanin jimla makamashi matakan a wani babban taro na free cajin yan dako a yankin.

Semiconductor Laser: manufa na aiki

Yadda aka saba, yawancin electrons located a kan valency matakin. A lokacin m photon makamashi wucewa da makamashi band rata, a semiconductor, electrons zo a cikin jihar zumudi, da kuma keta alfarma da zone, motsi a cikin wani free zone, maida hankali a ta ƙananan gefe. Lokaci guda, wani rami kafa a valence matakin, tanã fita zuwa ta sama kan iyaka. A electrons a free zone recombine tare da ramukan, haskakawa makamashi daidaita da makamashi na katsewa zone, a cikin nau'i na photons. Recombination za a iya inganta hanyar photons tare da isasshen makamashi matakin. Na lamba bayanin yayi dace da Fermi rarraba aiki.

na'urar

A semiconductor Laser na'urar ne a Laser diode pumped makamashi electrons da ramuka a cikin yankin p-n-mika mulki - batu na lamba tare da conductive semiconductor p- kuma n-type. Bugu da ƙari, akwai semiconductor lasers da na gani makamashi shigar a cikin abin da katako aka kafa ta sha na photons haske da kuma jimla cascade lasers, wadda ake bisa kan mulki, a cikin zones.

tsarin

Hankula mahadi amfani a semiconductor lasers da sauran optoelectronic na'urorin, kamar haka:

• gallium arsenide.
• gallium phosphide.
• gallium nitride.
• indium phosphide.
• indium gallium arsenide.
• gallium aluminum arsenide.
• gallium-indium-gallium nitride.
• phosphide, gallium-indium.

zango

Wadannan mahadi - kai tsaye-rata semiconductors. Indirect- (silicon) ba emit haske da isasshen karfi da kuma yadda ya dace. A zango na da radiation na diode Laser dogara da makamashi na photon makamashi ta halarci band rata na musamman fili. A 3- kuma 4-bangaren semiconductor mahadi makamashi band rata iya zama ci gaba da bambance bambancen kan wani m kewayon. A AlGaAs = Al _x Ga _1-x As, misali, kara aluminum ciki (karuwa a x) yana da sakamako na karuwa a samar da makamashi band rata.

Duk da yake ya fi kowa semiconductor lasers aiki a kusa da infrared ɓangare na bakan, wasu emit ja (gallium indium phosphide), blue ko shunayya (gallium nitride) launuka. Average infrared semiconductor Laser (gubar selenide) da kuma jimla cascade lasers.

kwayoyin semiconductors

Bayan sama inorganic mahadi iya amfani da kwayoyin. Dace fasaha ne har yanzu a karkashin ci gaba, amma ta ci gaba ya yi alkawarin rage kudin samar da lasers. Ya zuwa yanzu, kawai ɓullo da kwayoyin lasers da na gani makamashi shigar da high-yi lantarki famfo ya ba tukuna aka kai.

jinsunan

By wani jam'i na semiconductor lasers da daban-daban sigogi da kuma aikace-aikace darajar.

Kananan Laser diodes zõ da wani katako na high quality-inji radiation wanda ikon jeri daga 'yan dari biyar da ɗari milliwatts. da Laser diode guntu ne na bakin ciki rectangular farantin, abin da hidima a matsayin waveguide, tun da radiation iyakance zuwa kananan sarari. Crystal doped tare da bangarorin biyu da su haifar da wani pn-mika mulki na babban yanki. A goge iyakar ƙirƙirar wani Tantancewar resonator na wani Fabry - Perot interferometer. Photon wucewa ta cikin rami don sa recombination radiation zai kara, kuma za su fara tsara. Suna amfani da Laser akan, CD- da kuma DVD-yan wasa, kazalika da fiber na gani.

Low ikon lasers da m lasers da wani waje rami domin samar short hatsaisai iya aiki tare da events.

semiconductor lasers da wani waje rami kunsa a Laser diode, wanda ke taka rawa a cikin abun da ke ciki na riba matsakaici mafi Laser-resonator. Iya canza wavelengths kuma suna da wani kunkuntar watsi band.

Allura lasers ne semiconductor yankin na radiation a wani m band, zai iya samar da wani low quality katako ikon da dama Watts. Ya ƙunshi wani bakin ciki aiki Layer zubar tsakanin p- kuma n-Layer, kafa biyu heterojunction. Ginshikai na kurkuku, haske a kaikaice shugabanci ne samarwar, wanda results a high katako ellipticity da unacceptably high dokin igiyoyin.

Iko diode iri-iri, wanda ya kunshi wani tsararru na diodes, broadband, iya samar da wani katako na mediocre ingancin ikon dubun watts.

Iko biyu-girma iri-iri na diodes iya samar da wani ikon dubban daruruwan watts.

Surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL) emitting haske fitarwa katako ingancin da dama milliwatts perpendicular zuwa kwano. A cikin radiation surface na resonator madubi ne amfani a cikin nau'i na yadudduka a dynes ¼ kalaman tare da daban-daban Refractive fihirisa. A guda guntu za a iya sanya da dama da ɗari lasers, wanda ya buɗe sama da yiwuwar taro samar.

C VECSEL lasers Tantancewar makamashi shigar da wani waje resonator iya samar da wani katako na da kyau ingancin ikon da dama watts a yanayin kulle.

Aiki semiconductor Laser jimla cascade irin dangane da mi} a mulki cikin makada (da bambanci da interband). Wadannan na'urori emit a tsakiyar yankin na infrared bakan, wani lokacin a cikin terahertz kewayo. Suna amfani da, misali, kamar gas analyzers.

Semiconductor lasers: da aikace-aikace da kuma babban al'amurran da

High-ikon diode lasers da sosai electrically pumped a matsakaici voltages ake amfani da tasiri sosai wajen samar da makamashi da m jihar lasers.

Semiconductor lasers iya aiki a wani babban kewayon mitoci cewa ya hada da bayyane, kusa da infrared da kuma tsakiyar infrared ɓangare na bakan. Created na'urorin kuma canza izducheniya mita.

Laser diodes iya sauri canzawa da modulate da na gani ikon da aka yi amfani a fiber na gani sadarwa Lines riwayar.

Wadannan halaye sun sanya semiconductor lasers ne technologically mafi muhimmanci irin maser. Suna amfani da:

• wani telemetry na'urori masu auna sigina, pyrometers, Tantancewar altimeter, rangefinders, gani, holography.
• a fiber Tantancewar watsa tsarin da kuma bayanan ajiya, mai jiwuwa sadarwa tsarin.
• Laser firintocinku, video projectors, pointers, mashaya code na'urar daukar hotan takardu, image na'urar daukar hotan takardu, CD-yan wasa (DVD, CD, Blu-Ray).
• a tsaro tsarin, jimla cryptography, aiki da kai, Manuniya.
• a Tantancewar metrology da spectroscopy.
• a tiyata, Dentistry, cosmetology, far.
• ruwa tsarkakewa, kayan handling, yin famfo na m jihar lasers, iko da sinadaran halayen a masana'antu rarrabẽwa, masana'antu kayan aiki, walai tsarin, da kuma iska tsaro tsarin.

bugun jini fitarwa

Mai semiconductor Laser ya haifar da wani m katako. Saboda da gajeren zama lokaci na electrons a madugu matakin da suka ba sosai dace da samar da wani Q-switched hatsaisai, amma kusan-m yanayin na aiki zai iya muhimmanci ƙara da jimla janareta iko. Bugu da kari, semiconductor lasers za a iya amfani da ƙarni na ultrashort bugun jini yanayin-kulle ko sharuddan sauyawa na riba. Average ikon short hatsaisai, yawanci iyakance zuwa 'yan milliwatts fãce VECSEL-optically pumped lasers, wanda fitarwa wattage auna picosecond hatsaisai da mita a cikin dubun gigahertz.

Daidaitowa da kuma karfafawa

A amfani da gajeren zama electron a madugu band na semiconductor lasers ne ikon modulate da high mita wanda da VCSEL-lasers ya wuce 10 GHz. An yi amfani da na gani watsa bayanai, spectroscopy, Laser karfafawa.