Viktor Savinykh, Soviet cosmonaut: biography, iyali, awards

Viktor Savinykh - Soviet cosmonaut, 50th a cikin jerin waɗanda suke a cikin tarayyar Soviet ya iya tashi a sarari. A kan wani rayuwa, dole ne ya uku tashi, a lokacin da daya daga wanda ya ya iya zuwa bude sarari. Tarawa lokacin duk flights - fiye da 252 days.

biography

Viktor Savinykh - jannati biography wanda aka sau daya a san da yawa Soviet 'yan kasa, saboda mutane kamar shi, duba dukan ƙasar ya yi girman kai daga gare su, sunã daidaita da su.

Future jannati aka haife shi a wani karamin kauye Berezkin, located in Oricheskom gundumar na Kirov yankin. Ya birthday - Maris 7, 1940. Farkon yara da a kan yaki, nan da nan bayan nasarar Viktor Savinykh tafi makaranta. Ya sauke karatu daga gare shi, kamar sauran Soviet dalibai a shekaru 17. Da ciwon samu sakandare ilimi, Victor shiga Perm Railway College, a cikin abin da diploma a kan kammala cancantar aka jera "Rairoad m."

A kan ci gaban matasa VP Savinykh bai tsaya kuma a shekarar 1969 ya sauke karatu daga Cibiyar tare da cancantar "inji m mai yin tabarau." Duk da haka, ko da wannan bai ishe shi, sai ya kasance a cikin digiri na biyu makaranta na wannan ma'aikata - Moscow Cibiyar Geodesy da Cartography. Bayan ta sauke karatu daga PhD a kan topic "Matsaloli na fuskantarwa da kumbon sama jannati a Duniya madawwama biyu" da aka kare.

Bayan wani 5 shekaru ya kare doctoral wanda bayyana related muhalli kalubale yanayi topic. Bayan haka, ya yanke shawarar fara wani aiki jami'in diflomasiyyar, wanda ya sa aka bukata kafin su sami wani diploma na Diplomatic Academy.

sarari

Viktor Savinykh ya fara aiki a shekarar 1960, aiki a matsayin foreman a cikin Sverdlovsk railway. A 60-63 shekaru bauta wa a Soviet Army a cikin jirgin sojojin.

A Design Office of Sarauniya zo a 1969. Ya fara aiki a wannan lokaci kamar yadda wani injiniya, shekaru 20 ya yi ritaya a matsayin shugaban da hadaddun.

A shekarar 1975, Viktor Savinykh an izini da Cif Medical Board, a kan tushen da wanda bayan shekaru uku - a watan Disamba 1978 - shawarwarin da aka yi don shiga da wani novice a cikin tawagar. Domin abubuwan da suka faru na wannan matakin duk ya faru wuce yarda da sauri. Savinykh kansa ya bayyana wannan da cewa ya san da jirgin sama sosai, saita shi tun kafuwarta. Ya zo a cikin KB a lokacin da aikin da aka sani kawai a kan takarda, don haka Viktor tare da shi kusan daga lokacin da na "ganewa". Nada a matsayin gwajin cosmonaut hannu a kan 8 Disamba 1978 shekara.

Tare da kungiyar, wanda aka sa ran tashar "Salyut-6", halarci pre-shirye-shiryen kafin May 1980.

Oktoba 1978 - spring 1980 - shi ne aiki a shirya domin gwajin jirgin a kan "Soyuz T-2." Jarrabawa suka An yi nasarar izini, amma kusan kafin a fara, an bayar da rahoton cewa jirgin ya ninka jirgin, don haka sai aka ɗauke shi daga cikin shirin.

Quite abke, shi da aka canjawa wuri zuwa wani aikin, don haka a watan Oktoba da Nuwamba 1980, shirya don wani aikin. Bayan ta yi nasara ƙarshe na sama jannatin da aka nada jirgin injiniya na biyu ƙungiya, tsara don wani gwajin jirgin na "Soyuz T-3".

A Disamba 1980, ya fara da karshe shirye-shirye domin fara zuwa "Salyut-6", wanda ya ƙare a Fabrairu '81. A karo na biyar babban balaguro Viktor Savinykh zama Airborne m ajiye ƙungiya. Duk da haka, bayan jarrabawa da Hukumar ta yanke shawarar sa shi tare da V. Kovalenko zuwa ga Firayim ƙungiya, yayin da Andreev da Zudov switched ga madadin tsari.

na farko jirgin

My sosai farko jirgin, Viktor Savinykh, cosmonaut, aka jira tare da wani musamman look. A farkon da aka sanya Maris 12, 1981. Ofishinsa a cikin 74 kwanaki, 17 hours kuma 37 minutes da kuma 23 seconds, wanda ya dauki tsawon jirgin, - jirgin m. Callsign a cikin wannan lokaci - photon-2. wannan jirgin, sabanin mafi wasu, ciki har da cewa da ƙaddamar da ya faru a da yamma. Bayan ya tashi, da 'yan saman jannati fuskanci da yawa daga aiki, saboda haka su aka tilasta sake shirya ya jadawalin a gaba. Sun tafi ya kwanta, da safe, falke up lokacin da sauran na Muscovites aka shirya domin gado. Da zarar yanke shawara game da jirgin karshe an soma, an bayar da rahoton cewa Viktor zama hamsin hamsin Soviet cosmonaut da №100 a duniya cancantar.

Kafin jirgin, kamar yadda disinfecting likita bi da hidima barasa. Savinykh ya tuna yadda wani likita joked cewa yanzu ga microbes su ne gaba daya invulnerable. A wannan rana Victor rubuta wasiƙu zuwa ga matarsa da kuma iyaye. A ambulan ya saka photo a cikin abin da ya ne wanda aka nuna a cikin wani spacesuit. The iyali ba su gani shi a cikin wannan tsari, kuma ba zai iya ko tunani cewa a wannan lokacin shi ne ya aiko da roka da cewa nan da sannu zã a sanar da ya gudu.

Bayan ya dawo da mu duniya Savinykh ya tuno cewa abokan aiki kokarin da wuya ya yi shi dariya, janye hankali daga tashin hankali. Daya daga cikin su sallama tsanani nace cewa sa da kayan gudun kan a cikin kaya bay, inda za ka iya gudu a hanya sarari. Wadannan tabbaci sun tsanani haka kuma daki-daki cewa Savinykh ba zai iya taimaka amma murmushi.

Lokacin da manema labarai tambayi kafin fara abin da za su buga a sarari, Savinykh ce cewa bai sani ba, amma a wannan lokacin shi rasa ne sarari.

Dalilin da manufa shi ne reactivation na "Salyut-6" tashar, wanda wasu lokaci da suka wuce rasa dangane. Shi ne a ciki da "matattu" tashoshin Savinykh farko kokarin tashi a sifili nauyi. Ba nan da nan, amma da sauri ya koya cewa yin wani yanke shawara game da shugabanci na motsi akwai dole ne wani jirgin saman - a cikin jirgin lokacin fizge yana da bã su hankalta. Har ka isa wani surface, ba shi yiwuwa ya canja wani abu.

Dawo daga farko jirgin, xan sama jannatin gaya farincikin game da yadda kyau mu duniya ne cewa daga cikin surface haka ba shi yiwuwa a kimanta. Kallon m wurãren fitar rãnã (for kwana a sarari, za ka iya ganin su 16 sau), Viktor tuno rayuwa a cikin Urals, da sassafe tare da su da tsabta, sabo wari. Iya da shi sai a zaci cewa zai zama ya kalli wannan duniya tamu daga sarari? Hakika, ko da a wildest mafarkai wannan bai faruwa.

Tare da al'ajabi da kuma Savinykh gaya game da abin da girmamãwa daga furanni bude daga sarari. Aurora ya sanya kafu daram ra'ayi a kan shi, da fiye da haka a matsayin 'yan saman jannati gudanar ya ziyarci zuciya na wannan sabon abu. Babu film, bisa ga lura da al'amurra, ba zai iya haifa da richness na da launuka, wanda suka iya tsayar da su daga sararin samaniya.

Na biyu jirgin

Da shi shi ne mafi tsawo jirgin daga waɗanda abin da ya same Savinykh. Yana dade game da 4 watanni balaguro zuwa "Salyut-7". A mataki na farko sun kunshi na sabunta dukkan ayyuka na tashar. Aiki tare da Dzhanibekov ba kyau kwarai sakamakon: shuka yi an mayar. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na wannan aiki Savinykh shiga sarari. Aiki waje daga cikin jirgin ya dauki 5 hours.

The aikin shirin na biyu lokaci hada Vasyutin da Volkova, amma saboda rashin lafiya Vasyutin jirgin ya gama da wuri. Savinykh aka nada shugaban ƙungiya.

Wannan jirgin dade a total na 168 kwanaki 3 hours 51 minti 8 da dakika.

Ya horar da a kan "Mir", sa'an nan bayan ya dawo Duniya, mu gwarzo a matsayin jirgin m - to tashi a kan OS "Mir". A cikin farko idan da matukan jirgin da aka duplicated a karo na biyu - da zuciyar.

The uku jirgin

Viktor Savinykh, cosmonaut lambar 50 a kasar, ya yi da na karshe jirgin a cikin aiki a '88. Kamar yadda wani jirgin injiniya daga 7 zuwa 17 ga watan Yuni ya dauki bangare a cikin manufa kan sararin "Soyuz TM-5".

Kwanaki biyu bayan kaddamar da kumbon sama jannati docked da tashar sararin samaniya, wanda aka sarrafa babban hudu balaguro. Station "Mir" sanya wani m alama a kan musamman sababbin. Yin ayyuka na hadin gwiwa jirgin, da ƙungiya koma duniya. Wannan balaguro da aka sabon abu a cikin wannan, tare da Soviet cosmonauts tashar "Mir" bakuncin masana daga Bulgaria.

Wannan jirgin dade 9 kwanaki, 20 hours, 9 minti 19 seconds.

Personal rai

A girl, wanda daga baya ya zama matarsa, Victor hadu yayin da halartar kwaleji a Perm. Abu na farko da ya lura - yadda sauƙi, kuma da yardar kaina rawa Lily. Ta yanke shawarar cewa zai tafi gida don ganin ta gida, abin da gaske hutu gaba jannati. Ta ƙaunar wasanni, aka tsunduma a guje guje da Mãdalla da skier, yin shi saba wa hankali da kuma kishin shi. Wife Viktora Savinyh aka haife Fabrairu 23, 41, mahaifiyarta ta na farko sunan - Menshikov. Liliya Alekseevna yi aiki a matsayin malamin ilimin motsa jiki a Department na Moscow daji Cibiyar.

Viktor Savinykh, wanda iyali ya yaro daga cikin iyaye, da shi da kane, ya tashe daya ya, haife 12 ga watan Agusta, 1968. Valentine rayuwa m uba, ba su tafi ba a cikin zambiyõyin. Shi ya zama masanin halitta.

rayuwa bayan

A shekarar 1988, Viktor ya yarda da tayin don samun post na rector. Ya zaci jagorancin jami'a, inda ya yi karatu shekaru da suka wuce - MIIGAiK. A shekara daga baya, xan sama jannatin aiki ya kan hukumance, bayan wanda har 1992 Savinykh wata al'umma mataimakin na Tarayyar Soviet. Doctor of fasaha sciences Viktor Petrovich ne 1990.

Don kwanan wata, tsohon jannati ya yi aiki a matsayin editan mujallar "Rasha Space". Ya - wani digirorin girmamawa jama'a na birnin Kirov, inda a cikin ya girmama wani abin tunawa. Bugu da kari, da sunan jannati sanya daya daga cikin qananan taurari.

karrama

A lokacin da ya dade aiki, da kuma godiya ga bincike Savinykh lashe yawa lambobin yabo da lakabi. Sau da yawa ya zama Lambar Yabo na daban-daban a jihar awards, Knight na oda na Lenin, "Ga yabo" ya samu lambar "Gold Star", aka bayar da lambar yabo "Ga isa yabo a cikin bincike na sarari," kuma da yawa wasu. Bugu da kari, akai-akai samu title of gwarzo.

Sau biyu ya zama gwarzo na Tarayyar Soviet. Ya aka bayar da suna a 1981 da kuma shekarar 1985.

A shekarar 1981 ya samu title of Hero na Mongolian People ta Tsakiya, a shekara bakwai - kama da Jamhuriyar Bulgaria.

Tun 1981 - Soviet cosmonaut.

Ba wai kawai a kasar mu muna yaba da ayyukan da Savinykh, a Paris, shi ne memba na kasa da kasa Academy of Astronautics. Bugu da kari, shi ne memba na kasa da kasa Academy of Engineering, kuma Computer Science daga cikin Academy. Tun 2006 ya ne m memba na Rasha Academy of Sciences.

Outdoor ayyuka

Viktor Savinykh ko da yaushe ya jagoranci wani sosai aiki rayuwar zamantakewa. Ya kasance mai mataimakin da Tarayyar Soviet, memba na muhalli kwamitin, aka gudanar da Duma sau biyu, amma sau biyu ba zaben mutane. Shin shugaban Iyo Federation, memba na presidium na jama'a na philatelists, shi ne memba na babban yawan bambancin al'ummomi. A 2010, daga saman uku a cikin jerin United Rasha ƙungiya daga Kirov reshe na zaben zuwa ga majalisar jihar. A shekarar 2011 kuma an zabe shi.

ayukan hutu

Duk da yake har yanzu a dalibi Savinykh kamu da gudun sa'an nan ya zama interested in kama kifi, farauta, tanis da kuma sha'awar ga mai tsayi gudun kan. Yanzu, duk da aiki jadawali, Viktor yayi kokarin ba da wasanni da ayukan hutu kamar yadda da yawa lokaci kamar yadda zai yiwu a domin kada su rasa dacewa.

Ko da yake yanzu rai tsohon jannati a cikin Moscow, ya jarraba a kowace shekara ya zo wa 'yan qasar Vyatka, je zuwa cikin dazuzzuka, kama kifi a kan saba tun suna yara riverbanks.

bazawa

Viktor ne marubucin "The Earth aka jiran, kuma yanã fãtan," da aka rubuta a shekarar 1983, "Bayanan kula daga matattu tashar", kammala a cikin 1999, "yanayin kasa daga Space", halitta a 2000, da kuma "Vyatka. Baikonur. Cosmos ", wanda aka tsunduma a wani xan sama jannatin a 2002 da kuma 2010.

Bugu da kari, ya co-wallafa da dama wallafe kishin sarari da kuma yanayi.