Leeuwenhoek hange. A farko microscope

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci na da sabuwar dabara don samar da wani hange. Ta hanyar wannan na'urar da aka iya ganin tsarin, ganuwa zuwa ido. Ya taimaka siffar da arziki na cikin cell ka'idar, shi ne ya halitta dama ga ci gaban ilimin. Bugu da ƙari, na farko microscope ya zama engine na halittar sabon sosai mikroskopiruyut na'urorin. Suka zama kida ta hanyar abin da mutane zai iya dubi zarra.

Historical bayanai game da farko microscope

Babu shakka, madubin - shi ne wani sabon abu kayan aiki. Kuma abin da yake mamaki shi ne gaskiya cewa shi aka ƙirƙira a tsakiyar zamanai. Mahaifinsa yana dauke Antoni Van Levenguk. Amma ba tare da detracting daga isa yabo na masanin kimiyya, zan ce, cewa na farko da na'urar ɓullo da mikroskopiruyut ko Galileo (1609), ko Hans da Zakariya Yanseny (1590). Duk da haka, domin baya sosai kadan bayanai kamar zuwa ga tsari na ƙarya.

Saboda wannan dalili, ci gaban Hans da Zahariya Yansenov ba a dauki tsanani kamar yadda na farko hange. A abin yabo developer na'urar ciki Galileo Galilei. Its na'urar ne mai hade da naúrar tare da wani sauki eyepiece da biyu ruwan tabarau. Wannan madubin da aka kira a kumshin haske. Daga baya Kornelius Drebbel (1620) modified wannan sabuwar dabara.

A fili, da ci gaban da Galileo zai ci gaba ne kawai idan Antoni Van Levenguk a 1665 ya ba da aka buga a aikin a kan hange. A da shi, ya bayyana cewa rayayyun kwayoyin halitta gani ta amfani da sauki guda-ruwan tabarau hange. Wannan ci gaba da kuma ingeniously sauki da kuma hadadden a lokaci guda.

Leeuwenhoek microscope, gaba na ya lokaci

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek ta microscope - wani samfurin kunsha na tagulla farantin da wani ruwan tabarau a haɗe a cikinta, kuma hawa hardware. The na'urar sauƙi daidai a hannunka, amma boyewa wani matsanancin ikon: shi ne zai yiwu mu ƙara wurare a 275-500 sau. Wannan aka samu ta hanyar shigarwa na wani plano-convex ruwan tabarau ne a cikin kananan size. Kuma sha'awa, sai shekarar 1970, manyan lissafin kimiyya iya ba Figure fitar da yadda za a kafa irin wannan Leeuwenhoek magnifiers.

A baya can da aka zaci cewa da ruwan tabarau na microscope goge machined. Duk da haka, wannan na bukatar na ƙwarai haƙuri, da matsananci high ainihin. A shekarar 1970 ya miƙa wani bane wanda Leeuwenhoek smelleded ruwan tabarau na gilashi fiber. Ya heats shi, sa'an nan goge sashe, wanda aka a haɗe zuwa gilashin drop. Shi ne riga mafi sauki da kuma sauri, ko da yake ba ta riga ta tabbatar da yiwu: masu da sauran microscope Leeuwenhoek bai ba da izini ga gwaje-gwajen. Duk da haka, wannan hanya za ka iya tattara Leeuwenhoek microscope ko a gida.

A qa'ida ta yin amfani da Leeuwenhoek ta microscope

samfurin tsari ne mai sauqi qwarai, cewa yayi magana akan ta sauƙi na amfani. A gaskiya ma, ta yin amfani da shi ne musamman wuya saboda rashin tabbas da mai da hankali tsawon ruwan tabarau. Saboda haka, kafin akai la'akari da dogon lokacin da ya cancanta don zuƙowa a kuma daga cikin gwajin na'urar daga cutoff. Kuma ya yanke dake tsakanin kyandir da kuma ruwan tabarau, wanda taimaka kara da microstructure. Kuma suka zama a bayyane ga mutum ido.

Bayani dalla-dalla na microscope Leeuwenhoek

Bisa ga sakamakon gwaje-gwajen, da karuwa Leeuwenhoek ta microscope ya ban mamaki, a kalla shi ya karu 275 sau. Mutane da yawa masu bincike yi imani da cewa manyan microscopist tsakiyar zamanai halitta a na'urar da cewa a yarda a kara da sau 500. Almarar kimiyya show adadi a 1500, ko da yake ba shi yiwuwa ba tare da yin amfani da nutsewa man fetur. Suna kawai bai wanzu ba.

Duk da haka Leeuwenhoek saita sautin ga ci gaban da yawa sciences da kuma gane cewa ido gani ba duka. Akwai takaice, ganuwa mana. Kuma akwai mutane da yawa fiye da farin ciki. Daga cikin tsawo na zamanai ya kamata a lura da cewa bincike ya annabce dama. Kuma Leeuwenhoek microscope yau, wanda aka located kasa da photo, an dauki daya daga cikin injuna na kimiyya.

Wasu shiriritar game da ci gaban da microscope

Masana kimiyya da dama yanzu yi imani da cewa Leeuwenhoek ta microscope aka bai halitta daga karce. Babu shakka, masana kimiyya san wasu abubuwa game da wanzuwar Galileo kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta. Duk da haka, tare da sabuwar dabara, da Italiyanci da babu kamance. Sauran masana tarihi yi imani da cewa Leeuwenhoek dauki matsayin dalilin ci gaban Hans da Zahariya Yansenov. Da yake jawabi na latest microscope, kuma kadan ne da aka sani.

Tun Hans da ɗansa Zakariya yi aiki a kan samar da tabarau, su ci gaba, a maimakon haka, ya yi kama da dabara na Galileo Galilei. Leeuwenhoek microscope ne a na'urar fiye da iko, tun da shi ba ka damar zuƙowa a 275-500 sau. Irin wannan ikon bangaren haske microscopes da Jansen, kuma Galileo da. Bugu da ƙari, saboda biyu ruwan tabarau, kuma suka yi sau biyu, kamar yadda da yawa kurakurai. Lokacin da wannan ya dauki game da 150 s Don karin microscope kama Leeuwenhoek microscope image quality da kuma iya aiki karuwa.

Jarrabawa game da asalin na ruwan tabarau Leeuwenhoek ta microscope

Historical kafofin sa shi yiwuwa a takaice aikin masanin kimiyya. Bisa ga Royal Society of England, Leeuwenhoek tattara game da 25 microscopes. ya kuma gudanar da su sa kusan 500 da ruwan tabarau. Shi ba a san dalilin da ya sa ba a halitta haka da yawa microscopes, a fili, da waɗannan da ruwan tabarau sun ba a dace da karuwa ko sun m. Kawai 9 Leeuwenhoek microscopes tsira zuwa wannan zamanin.

Akwai wani ban sha'awa jarrabawa, da cewa microscope Leeuwenhoek aka halitta a kan tushen da na halitta ruwan tabarau na volcanic asalin. Masana kimiyya da dama imani da cewa shi ne kawai wani digo na smelleded gilashi don su masana'antu. Wasu sun yarda cewa ya ya iya narke cikin gilashin filament da ruwan tabarau yin haka. Amma gaskiyar cewa daga cikin 500 da ruwan tabarau masanin kimiyya gudanar ya halicci kawai 25 Microscopes, yayi magana kundin.

A takaice, ya kaikaice ya tabbatar da dukan uku ruwan tabarau asalin jarrabawa. A fili, da karshe amsar ne mai wuya da za a samu ba tare da gwaje-gwajen. Amma yi imani da cewa ba tare da gaban high-daidaici ma'auni kida da wani nika inji ya ya iya haifar da wani iko da ruwan tabarau, shi ne quite wuya.

Samar da wani microscope Leeuwenhoek gida

Mutane da yawa suna kokarin gwada wasu shiriritar game da asalin na ruwan tabarau nasarar samar microscope Leeuwenhoek a gida. A saboda wannan dalili, mai sau barasa kuka ya narke bakin ciki gilashi thread, har ba za ta sauke. Ya kamata kwantar da hankali, bayan da shi dole ne a sanded da daya (daura da siffar zobe surface) gefe.

Nika don ƙirƙirar wani plano-convex ruwan tabarau cewa ya cika dukan bukatu na bincike da madubin likita. Yana kuma zai kara kamar 200-275 sau. Bayan kawai bukatar gyara shi a kan wani m taži da kuma la'akari da abubuwa na ban sha'awa. Duk da haka, akwai daya matsala: sosai convex ruwan tabarau karshen kamata a biya su da karatu abu. Bincike yayin da kallon wani lebur surface da ruwan tabarau. Kawai a cikin wannan hanya ya kamata a yi amfani da hange. Leeuwenhoek, reviews na Royal Society of wanda a lokaci daya bayar da shi da wani mai daraja suna, mafi m, da ke halitta da kuma amfani da shi ƙarya.