Ionizing radiation - shi ne tasiri na ionizing radiation ...

Daga cikin dukan abubuwan da shafi nukiliya fashewa (bugu kalaman, haske radiation, electromagnetic bugun jini, rediyoaktif samu, ionizing radiation), da mafi m aka dauke su a ionizing radiation. Wannan m gamma radiation, bi da wani neutron juyi wanda ake jefarwa daga makaman nukiliya fashewa zone na wani dan gajeren lokaci - da raka'a da dubun seconds. Shi ne babban dalilin da ci gaban radiation cuta.

ionizing radiation

Ionizing radiation, ko ionizing radiation - wani rafi da photons, na farko barbashi, fission, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa kwayoyin halitta wanda yake iya ionizing da abu, Ina nufin mayar da tsaka tsaki kwayoyin halitta ko kwayoyin a cikin ions - lallai cajin barbashi. A sakamakon "canji" karye physico-sinadaran da nazarin halittu tafiyar matakai a zaune tsokoki da kuma kayan, crystal raga da aka halaka ta, akwai wani canji a cikin kwayoyin tsarin. Damage radius na iya shiga radiation ne da yawa m fiye da haske watsi ko tura kalaman. A mafi hatsari ne yankunan da suke cikin 2-3 km daga cibiyar. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa na farko barbashi gudana maida tunawa da yanayi.

Yanayin ionizing radiation

Don gane abin da mai shiga radiation na nukiliya fashewa, shi wajibi ne don la'akari da yanayi, da kuma don wannan ya shafi tsarin da zarra.

Atom - da karami barbashi na da wani sinadari wanda kunshi wani tsakiya da kuma orbiting electrons. Kwaya, bi da bi, kunshi biyu aka gyara - da protons da neutrons. Da farko gudanar da wani m cajin, na biyu - tsaka tsaki. Saboda da taro rabo daga protons da electrons (barnatar da cajin) kullum zarra ne electrically tsaka tsaki. A sakamakon da bombardment da neutrons auku abu zarra tsakiya tsagawa kashi biyu tare da saki mai yawa da makamashi da kuma "chipping" na firamare barbashi. "Tsage" neutrons, protons bombard sauran nuclei, sa'an nan raba su a cikin rabin - fara wani uncontrolled nukiliya dauki.

Saboda haka, ionizing radiation - shi ne m wanin sa na "balle" na farko barbashi (wanda ba su ci karo da wasu nuclei), da kuma wani babban adadin kuzari - electromagnetic ko gamma radiation.

Sanadin canza abu na tsarin

Canza tsarin kwayoyin halitta - babban dalilin irin wannan mummunan tasiri na ionizing radiation a zaune tsokoki da kuma daban-daban wadanda ba nazarin halittu da kayayyakin. Wannan na faruwa a sakamakon bombardment abu "balle" neutrons kwayoyin halitta. A sakamakon irin wannan daukan hotuna, kamar yadda muka gani, akwai wani core division shiga kashi biyu.

Amma da wannan zai faru sosai da wuya, saboda wannan babban makamashi ya kamata a yi iya shiga radiation. Wannan kuma wannan shi kadai ne iya raba tsakiya a wani barga yanayin. Babban dalilin canza tsarin da abu ne ejection na neutrons zarra. A sakamakon haka, da taro na core an rage, disrupted da electromagnetic balance, da kuma mayar da ita, da electron aka tilasta "barin" ta falaki.

Ma'auni ne a mayar da, amma zarra yakan mallaki wani m cajin, saboda yawan protons ne ba rage shi - yana ionized abu. Babu shakka cewa ions ba su iya yin wannan ayyuka kamar yadda sunadaran. Haka kuma, kwayoyin zama m, da suka lalace a cikin monomers. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa sakamako na ionizing radiation haka m da mutane.

radiation cuta

Manyan allurai ionizing radiation a mafi yawan lokuta, radiation amai tsokani - halaka, lalacewar da radiation nama. Yana iya ci gaba a sakamakon gajere daukan hotuna zuwa high allurai ko tsawo daukan hotuna kasa tsanani. Haka kuma, lalacewar iya zama kaifi da kuma secretive. A cikin wani hali, cutar detrimental sakamako a kan jikin mutum. A cikin shakka daga m radiation amai rinjayar duk tsarin na jiki ko a takamaiman sashin jiki. Mafi sau da yawa, da tasiri na ionizing radiation "mayar da hankali" a kan dubura. A wannan yanayin, cutar da ake tare da m amai, tashin zuciya, zawo da dehydration. Bugu da ƙari, cikin jiki da aka guba cell tarkace kwayoyin. Akwai zo a general maye.

A tsawon lokaci na latent tsawon radiation cuta daga 'yan kwanaki zuwa wata. A wannan lokaci, da azabtar kusan babu jin na unwell, amma sa'an nan ya zo da tsawo daga cutar. Maye ya auku, tasowa cututtuka, sharply rage samar da maikacin jini, da bargo, akwai m hemorrhage da kuma mutuwa.

kariya daga mutuwa radiation ka'idodin

Babban kariya da mutuwa radiation ne lokaci. A farkon kwanaki bayan da wani nukiliya fashewa radiation tsanani ne da ya fi yadda 'yan kwanaki. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa duk kayan da daban-daban rabin rayukan - da farko zuwa kashi short-rayu isotopes (mafi m), kuma kawai sai sauran barbashi. Bugu da ƙari, domin kowane bakwai ƙarfe da radiation matakin an rage tenfold. Distance - na biyu kariya factor. Biyu nesa daga cibiyar rage matakin radiation 4 sau. Amma babban kuma mafi araha hanyar kare nunawa - Amfani da daban-daban kayan a matsayin wani shãmaki a kwarara daga na farko barbashi. A mafi m Properties ne gubar, karfe, kankare, tubali, ƙasa. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa tsari shirya karkashin kasa a basements monolithic gine-gine.

Radiation kariya abinci

Kariya da iya shiga radiation ne ba kawai a cikin halittar wani shinge da ya kwarara daga neutrons da gamma haskoki, amma kuma rako abinci daga radionuclides. Abu na farko da cewa yana bukatar a yi don kariya daga abinci da ruwa - saka su a cikin wani m harsashi. Wannan na iya zama wani roba jakar, filastik ganga, karfe ganga. Wannan ne yake aikata to tabbatar da cewa bazuwar kayayyakin sun ba su iya shirya a kan abinci, sa'an nan kuma samun cikin jiki.