Vika - a shuka daga cikin legume iyali. Description, halaye, da namo

Mutane da yawa legumes dade da aka fi so shuke-shuke a yankin. Su ba kawai samar da dadi amfanin gona, amma kuma da aka sani ya wadãtar da ƙasa da nitrogen ta wajen musamman nodule kwayoyin a kan tushen sa. Duk da haka, su Botanical sunan da aka kadan da aka sani. Sun kasance a yawa HALITTAR na flowering - Vic. Shuka (photos, dubi tsaba a cikin takarda) ne da aka sani a matsayin vetch - vetch, wake - fava vetch. Bugu da kari, akwai mutane da yawa da sauran wakilan, ana amfani da yadu a matsayin abinci da kuma fodder amfanin gona.

Rod Vic (Peas)

A HALITTAR ƙunshi game da 140 jinsunan shuke-shuke da 'yan qasar zuwa kudancin Amurka, Turai da Arewacin Afirka. Karkashin yanayi, fis tsiro a floodplains, a kan ruwa natsuwa da gandun daji gefuna, a cikin matakan. The girma - Bishiyoyi masu dogon kwana, da wuya annuals. Kara sau da yawa manhole type, wani lokacin kafa. Bar paripinnate. Flowers guda halayyar type: calyx yana da wani gajeren tube da kuma hakora flag dimly bayyana ƙusa, jirgin ruwan m fuka-fuki tare da farantin.

Botanical bayanin: shuka vetch

A shuka, da watsuwar wanda yake saba, watakila, to da yawa. Haka kuma an kira "kowa vetch". Wannan shekara-shekara, ko biennial shuka tsawo na daga 20 zuwa 80 cm. A kara iya kafa ko hawa, faceted, ko tsirara saukar da, tare da ko ba tare da sashe. Hankula paripinnate ganye a karshen da gashin baki, Peas wanda clings zuwa support. Flowers kusan sessile, Kadaitaccen ko guda biyu. Fruit - wake, cylindrical ko dan kadan oblate siffar zuwa 6 cm a tsawon.

Amma ba gauraye shuka da mai sosai irin wannan, amma har yanzu daban-daban ra'ayoyi - fis. Wannan ne ya fi kowa, kuma sanannun wakilan da aka ambata irin. Mun samu da yawa salo da dama, iri dabam-dabam a dandano da size da iri ripening. Dukan su suna hade a uku kungiyoyin: shelling, da ciwon sukari da kuma kwakwalwa Peas.

Rarraba iri Peas

Vika - mai shuka wanda sunansa a Latin sauti kamar Vicia sativa. An yadu rarraba a Turai na Rasha, Western Siberia, da Caucasus da kuma Crimea dutsen yankin, a kan Kamchatka Larabawa. Za a iya samu a matsayin sako a filayen, wani lokacin da bakin hanya, a sharar gida wurare, sharar gida asashe. Ci gaba da kuma ci gaban da mafi kyau runs a cikin "kamfanin" da sauran ganye cewa tallafa wa da takun tushe. Halitta bayyanar isasshe withstands daskarewa da kuma sanyi haƙuri ga -6 ° C. Vicat - ruwa-m shuke-shuke, musamman a lokacin da samuwar buds da kuma flowering, in ba haka ba taxing kuma yana da low muhalli da yanayi.

A amfani da taki

Vetch - mai kyau kore taki ne da aka sani zuwa ga mutãne, tun lokacin da. Babban hanyar yin amfani da shi a cikin wannan format - m iri da kuma m makabarta a gona girma kore taro. Bisa ga matakin na mataki kama da taki idan aka kwatanta da taki, da kyau sakamako yana ga 4-5 shekaru. Aƙalla watanni uku vetch shuka accumulates zuwa 30 kg biomass da 10 m ^2, a cikin abin da akwai wani babban nitrogen da abun ciki (160 g), potassium (200 g) da kuma phosphorus (75 g).

Shuka da kuma kula

Common vetch (vetch) - da shuka ne kullum undemanding, amma ta namo yana da wasu peculiarities. Peas iya vegetate a cikin haske da nauyi gona, amma fi son a tsaka tsaki PH. Idan ƙasa ne acidic, da lura da hanawa da nodule kwayoyin a kan asallanta, su ne kananan da kuma talauci kayyade yanayi nitrogen, ko na iya zama ba a nan gaba ɗaya.

Seeding ne da za'ayi a cikin layuka, da nisa ya kamata a tsakanin 15-20 cm tsakanin tsaba - 5 cm dasa zurfin dogara a kan ƙasa tsarin: .. Don da huhu - 7 cm, a nauyi - 5 cm bushe yanayi da shawarar gona bayan shuka dan kadan prikatat idan shi ne rigar, shi ne zama dole a yi wannan. Kula da kore taki ne musamman sauki da kuma shi ne dace weeding da loosening da crusts bayan ruwan sama da kuma ban ruwa. Vika - a shuka dogon kwana, ruwa-auna, amma ba zai iya jure waterlogging.

An shawarar yin amfani da rassanta, su hana mazaunin mai tushe a wani guda saukowa. Wani lokaci shuke-shuke sown tare da masara, sunflower, a cikin wannan yanayin, da karshe wasa da muhimmancin goyon baya.

shuka lokaci

Shuka Peas a hanyoyi biyu.

Farkon spring a matsayin precursor daga baya al'adu, msl kabeji. Bayan kara da kore taro da farko na flowering tona a cikin ƙasa.

Farkon kaka, ko a lokacin rani marigayi, bayan da girma da kuma yin girbi na farkon amfanin gona. A wannan yanayin da shuka ya kamata a binne a ƙasa a gaban sanyi.

Dole ne ka kewaya da yanayin damina da yankin.

Yi amfani da matsayin abinci

Shuka vetch - mai shuka da suke da amfani Properties an bai iyakance don amfani a matsayin kore taki. A abun da ke ciki dangane da bushe abu ya hada har zuwa 20% furotin xin kayan lambu, a kananan adadin zare da abin da ake ci fiber. A sabo ne ganye dauke lysine, beta-carotene, kadan da mai da kuma ruwa. Duk wadannan halaye sa shi yiwuwa a yi amfani da shuka a matsayin mai muhimmanci da abincin dabbobi. Su yi amfani da kore taro, hay, silage, ciyawa ci abinci, silage, hatsi da kuma hatsi gari. Domin wadannan dalilai, Peas an horar da, yawanci tare da hatsi ko sha'ir, wani lokacin alkama don silage kara zuwa sunflower, masara, hatsin rai.

Bugu da kari, Vick - shuka (photo gabatar a cikin labarin), wanda shi ne mai kyau zuma shuka. Wannan hujja ta sa shi musamman m zuwa apiculture. M flowering yana for watanni game da farkon-tsakiya na watan Yuni. Medoproduktivnost kudi ne mafi girma a cikin vetch shaggy (hunturu) - 140-200 kg daga wani kadada, na dasa, shuka a cikinsa ne da yawa karami - 20 kg / ha, a cikin wake a little more - 20-40 kg / ha. Wannan hujja damar yin amfani da tsire-tsire don jawo hankalin ƙudan zuma to your site. Saboda haka, vetch, da ciwon wasu kyau ado halaye, shi iya da kyau a dasa a cikin lambu, ko a gonar. Yana zai jawo hankalin pollinating kwari da kuma kwari, da bambanci, zai tsorata. A inji shi ne m ga maƙwabcinsa al'adu m nitrogen: tumatir, barkono mai dadi, latas, eggplants, karas. Yana ke da kyau tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa da kuma shrubs.