Vegetative haifuwa. Mene ne nufi? Ma'ana micropropagation

Sake bugun ne daya daga cikin halaye na duk halittu, tare da numfashi, da abinci, motsi da sauransu. Ma'ana yana da wuya a overestimate, domin shi tabbatar da ci gaba na a zamaninsu, ya kuma inganta sosai samuwar halittu masu rai a duniya duniya.

A yanayi mai suna tsari ne da za'ayi a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban. Daya daga cikinsu - asexual vegetative haifuwa. An samu mafi yawa a tsire-tsire. The darajar vegetative yaduwa da kuma ta bambance-bambancen karatu da za a tattauna a cikin ɗaba'ar.

Menene sake yiwuwar tohowarsu,

High-makaranta ilmin halitta kayyade vegetative yaduwa daga shuke-shuke (Grade 6, sashe "o") kamar yadda daya daga cikin iri na asexual. Wannan yana nufin cewa a cikin shakka daga ta aiwatar ba su shiga jam sel. Kuma, daidai da, recombination kayyade bayanai ba zai yiwu.

Shi ne mafi tsoho Hanyar haifuwa, halayyar shuke-shuke, fungi, kwayoyin cuta, da kuma wasu dabbobi. Its ainihi ta'allaka ne da samuwar rassa na iyaye jinsunan.

Bugu da kari ga vegetative, akwai wasu hanyoyi na sake yiwuwar tohowarsu. A mafi m na wadannan ne rabo a cikin biyu Kwayoyin. Saboda haka ninka guda-celled dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke da kwayoyin.

Wani version na wannan hanya ne mahara division. An lokaci guda kafa da dama rassa na wannan iyaye cell. Wannan ya faru, misali, Plasmodium falciparum, wanda shi ne parasitic a cikin jini Kwayoyin.

A musamman nau'i na sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, shi ne samuwar spores. Horsetails, ferns, mosses da kuma kulob din mosses haifa cewa hanya.

Asexual vegetative haifuwa

Sau da yawa, a lokacin da sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, wani sabon kwayoyin tasowa daga dukan rukuni na iyaye Kwayoyin. Wannan irin sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, aka kira vegetative.

Next, mun bayyana da iri da kuma misalan kwayoyin cewa an halin vegetative yaduwa. Tebur ya bada jerin sunayen su, za ka samu wani janar ra'ayin na ruwan dare na irin wannan haifuwa.

Sake bugun daga sassa na vegetative gabobin

Vegetative shuka gabobin ne mafaka, wanda ya kunshi mai tushe da kuma ganye, da kuma tushen - a karkashin kasa sashin jiki. Tsagawa kashe wani ɓangare na da kwayar ko stalk wani mutum zai iya gudanar da wani cloning.

Mene ne wani misali cuttings? Yana da wani hanya na ce wucin gadi vegetative yaduwa. Saboda haka, da kara yawan adadin currant bushes da guzberi, akwai buƙatar ka kai wani ɓangare na da tushen tsarin da kodan, na wadda daga ƙarshe ta mayar da mafaka.

Amma ga kiwo inabi dace kara petioles. Daga gare su akwai lokaci mai da tushen tsarin shuke-shuke. A wannan alamomin ne samuwan kowane irin koda a kara.

Amma ga haifuwa na da yawa na cikin gida shuke-shuke sau da yawa amfani da ganye. Lalle ne, haƙĩƙa, da yawa diluted hanya violets.

Sake bugun modified harbe

Mutane da yawa shuke-shuke samar da vegetative gabobin da gyare-gyare da damar su yi ƙarin ayyuka. Daya daga cikin wadannan ayyuka - vegetative yaduwa. Mene ne na musamman canji na harbe, mu gane idan muka yi la'akari dabam da tushen, kwararan fitila da tubers.

rhizome

Wannan bangare na shuka is located karkashin kasa da kuma kama da tushe, amma, duk da sunan, shi ne wani canji na gudun hijira. Ya kunshi elongated internodes, wanda ya tafi daga adventitious tushen da kuma ganye.

Misalai na shuke-shuke da cewa haifa ta hanyar rhizomes, ne Lily na kwari, Iris, Mint. Wani lokacin kira jiki za a iya samu a cikin weeds. Kowa ya san yadda wuya shi ne ya rabu da kujera ciyawa. Ja da shi daga ƙasa, mutane sukan bar sassa na sprawling Tushen na wheatgrass karkashin kasa. Kuma bayan wani lokaci, da suka tsiro a sake. Saboda haka, ya rabu da mu da wani sako kira, wajibi ne a hankali tono up.

kwan fitila

Leeks, tafarnuwa, narcissus da kuma haihuwa ta amfani da podezmnyh gyare-gyare harbe, kira kwararan fitila. Su lebur zangarniya kira Donets. A shi ne m fleshy ganye, stock up on gina jiki, da kuma koda. Sun bayar da Yunƙurin zuwa sabon kwayoyin. Kwan fitila damar da shuka to tsira a karkashin wuya ƙasa domin kiwo kakar - fari ko sanyi.

Tuber da kuma gashin baki

Don kwafi da dankali ba bukatar ka shuka da tsaba, duk da cewa shi Forms furanni da kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa. Wannan inji sãke ta karkashin kasa harbe gyare-gyare - tubers. Don propagate dankali, ba ma tabbata cewa shi ne dukan tuber. Isar da shi gutsure dauke da buds cewa zai buɗo boye, a maido da dukan shuka.

A strawberry da strawberries bayan flowering da fruiting siffofin da wani ƙasa bulala (ke tsaye bakin ramin), wanda su ne sabon harbe. Af, ba za su iya zama rude tare da tendrils na inabi, misali. Wannan inji suka yi wani daban-daban aiki - da ikon samun da qafafunku a kan goyon baya ga wani mafi dadi matsayi dangane da rana.

fragmentation

Ba kawai shuke-shuke iya haifa ta hanyar raba ta Multi-salon salula sassa. Wannan sabon abu ne kuma lura a dabbobi. Fragmentation matsayin vegetative haifuwa - abin da yake da shi? Wannan tsari dogara ne a kan ikon da kwayoyin zuwa maida - dawo da rasa ko lalace sassan jiki. Alal misali, jiki na earthworm iya mai da dukan mutane, ciki har da wasu inuwõyi da kayan ciki na dabba.

gemmation

Budding - wani Hanyar haifuwa, amma vegetative buds to shi ne m. Its ainihi shi ne kamar haka: a jiki na iyaye kwayoyin da aka kafa protrusion, shi ke tsiro, yana daukan kan fasali na adult kwayoyin da aka cleaved daga wani m zama.

Irin wannan tsari na budding auku a ruwa tare hydra. Amma sauran wakilan coelenterates - murjãni - kafa protrusion ba cleaved kuma ya zauna a cikin uwa tasa ta jiki. A sakamakon haka, reefs kafa zato siffofi.

Kara adadin irin kek, wanda shi ne shirye da taimakon yisti, ta hanyar, shi ne kuma a sakamakon su vegetative haifuwa ta hanyar dake tasowa.

Ma'ana micropropagation

Kamar yadda ka gani, vegetative haifuwa a yanayi da aka yada yadu isa. Wannan hanya take kaiwa zuwa wani m karuwa a yawan mutane da wani jinsin. The shuke-shuke da wannan, ko da wani yawan na'urorin, a cikin nau'i na gyare-gyare ga tushen da kuma shoot.

Amfani wucin gadi vegetative yaduwa (cewa irin wannan ra'ayi yana nuna a baya ya bayyana), daya ninka shuke-shuke, wanda yana amfani da a business aiki. Yana ba ya bukatar mutum na da akasin jima'i. Domin sprouting na matasa shuke-shuke ko kuma ci gaban sabon nau'in quite saba yanayi a cikin abin da uwar ta jiki zaune.

Duk da haka, duk iri sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, ciki har da vegetative, akwai daya alama. Its sakamakon ne da fitowan na genetically m kwayoyin da suke da ainihin kwafin na iyaye. Don ajiye jinsunan da kwayoyin halaye na wannan hanya na haifuwa shi ne manufa. Amma tare da duk canzawa ne yafi rikitarwa.

Sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, shi ne kullum deprives jikin yiwu bayyanar sabon haruffa, kuma haka wata hanya zuwa saje da canza muhalli da yanayi. Saboda haka, mafi yawan jinsunan a cikin daji da suke iya tafiyar da jima'i tsari.

Duk da wannan drawback, a lokacin da Kiwo horar da shuke-shuke mafi muhimmanci da kuma amfani da yadu ne har yanzu vegetative yaduwa. Wani mutum farin ciki da wannan hanya saboda m iri-iri da dama, kananan cikin sharuddan duration, da kuma yawan kwayoyin da cewa haifa hanya aka bayyana.