Dicotyledons: misali. Monocots da dicots

Tsire-tsire - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma da kuma mafi bambancin siffofin mulkokin yanayi. Su ba da dukan halittu masu rai numfashi tsabta iska, samar da oxygen ta hanyar photosynthesis. Samar da mutane da dabbobin da yawa tare da abinci da kuma gina jiki, da ado rayuwarmu da kuma yin shi da kyau. Daya daga cikin mafi bambancin sassa na wannan ban mamaki mulkina angiosperms. Game da su, kuma magana da kara.

Angiosperms: rarrabuwa

A sashen hada a abun da ke ciki biyu babbar dama azuzuwan:

• monocots.
• bipartite.

Kowane daga cikinsu shi ne m ba kawai ga muhalli a matsayin dukan, amma kuma ga mutane musamman. Bayan duk, daya yana da kawai zuwa sunan akalla 'yan wakilan, wanda an hada da monocots da dicots, misalai nan da nan tabbatar da babban m muhimmanci a rayuwar dan Adam. Alal misali, wadannan sun hada da:

• hatsin rai, alkama, hatsi, da shinkafa, da buckwheat.
• rosehips, dankali da tumatur, eggplant da sauran amfanin gona ba;
• mai girma yawan magani ganye.

A general, da bambancin da angiosperms a cikin daruruwan dubbai (game da 350,000). Kamar wancan ne duka biyu monocots da dicots, misalai na wanda zai iya haifar da mai dogon lokaci, suna da nasu halaye a cikin tsari, da hanyar rayuwa, rayuwa tafiyar matakai. Mun la'akari da daya daga cikin azuzuwan - dicots. Bari mu bincika abin da halaye da wadannan shuke-shuke, wanda ya shafi su, kuma abin da yake da muhimmanci.

Family aji dicots

A rarrabuwa iya zama daban-daban. Akwai da dama zažužžukan:

• Takhtajan tsarin.
• Rivila tsarin.
• APG.
• Dahlgren da Thorne.
• Cronquist.

Kowane shan a matsayin dalilin wasu alamu da rarraba dukan ajin a kan umarni na iyali, ko sub-azuzuwan. Ga talakawa mutane, mafi saba daga makaranta wannan taxonomic naúrar, kamar yadda wani iyali. Saboda haka, muna lissafa abubuwan da ya fi na kowa, kuma da yawa kungiyoyin cewa wani bangare ne na aji a tambaya.

1. Butterfly, ko wake. Abin da tsire-tsire masu dicotyledonous nan? Ga misali: Peas shuka, alfalfa, Clover, gyada, rank, itacen ƙirya, astragalus, chickpeas, carob, da sauransu.
2. Rosaceae. Misalai: ya tashi kwatangwalo, apple, pear, plum, strawberry, rasberi da sauransu.
3. Cruciferous, ko Brassica. A hankula wakilin - kabeji. Dicots, wani misali na wanda za har yanzu a dangana ga wannan iyali - radish. Kuma ma: mustard, hunturu cress, sverbigi, makiyayi da jaka. Kawai game da 3 dubu jinsunan.
4. Asteraceae - hada a membobinsu babban adadin sako, magani, fodder da abinci shuke-shuke. Wakilai: chamomile, Dandelion, aster, cornflower, sunflower da sauransu.
5. Nightshade. Dicots, wani misali na wanda zai iya kai a nan - da tumatir. Kuma tare da shi, kuma mafi yawan manyan kayan amfanin gona da horar da mutum (dankali, eggplant, da dai sauransu). Haka ya shafi cikin iyali da kuma sosai m belladonna.

Kadan sanannun a kasar mu ne irin wannan iyalai a matsayin:

• Laurel.
• Crassulaceae.
• portulacaceae.
• innabi.
• Itacen ci-zaƙi.
• kabewa.
• Begoniaceae.
• goro;
• Willow.
• laima.
• Birch da sauran.

A gaskiya, da yawa daga gare su, don haka da wuya ya lissafa duk. Bari yanzu mu bincika abin da na kowa siffofin mallaki by duk wakilan bipartite.

Features na tsarin bipartite

Kamar dukan mafi girma shuke-shuke, suna da wani tushe, ganye, tushen, flower. Idan ya zo ga itace siffofin, cewa shi ne, gangar jikin da kuma rassan. A general, tsarin mai bipartite shuka ne ba daban-daban daga wasu. Duk da haka, akwai kuma siffofi to ba da damar rarrabuwa na wasu iri ga wannan aji.

Wadannan halayyar data ne su hallmark ne daga monocots, saboda duk flowering daga cikin manyan sassa masu kama, da wuya su yadda ya kamata danganta wa] annan iri halittun, idan ba ka san musamman fasali.

key siffofin

Saboda haka, da wadannan sigogi suna kafa:

1. Venation bar mafi daga cikin net.
2. Tushen tsarin - sanda, yawanci dogon lokaci.
3. Formula tsarin flower: W ₄ L ₄ T _{2 + 4} P _1. Kullum, da yawan sassa kasance a mahara na ko dai 4 ko 5.
4. Tsakanin xylem da phloem located cambium Layer da yawa siffofin da woody kara.
5. Lamina akai-akai bad yanke.

Wadannan alamu dicotyledons ba ce cewa duk 'yan aka shirya kawai haka kuma ba in ba haka ba. Kamar yadda sauran wurare, a nan ma, akwai ban, wasu haduwa.

Duk da haka, mafi muhimmanci alama - shi ne cewa dicots tsaba da biyu cotyledons, shirya da juna. A cikin misali na kirki ba ko wake yana yiwuwa a fili ga da ido tsirara. Ga wata ãyã ga kowa da kowa ba tare da togiya wakilan bipartite. Yana ta kasance a gare shi, kuma suka samu sunayensu.

Dicotyledons: misalai, photos

Mun riga ya ba da dama misalai na daban-daban mambobi na wannan aji. Amma mafi yawa suka zauna kawai a kan waɗanda jinsunan da girma a cikin kasar. A ƙasa zaka iya ganin hotuna na wasu kasashen waje endemics Rasha yanayin damina ba su dace. Wannan, misali:

• Laurel.
• Delonix regia.
• sundew.
• Sarracenia.
• Nepenthes.
• teak.
• Black da mahogany, da sauransu.

A hoto ya nuna cewa sun duk da kyau da kuma haske a canza launin halos. Kullum, kusan duk dicotyledons da showy furanni. Duk da haka, akwai ware daga cikin weeds.

Magnolia aji ban sha'awa. Kowane irin - shi dicot. Wani misali na wannan iyali - Magnolia stellata. Da kyau sosai, kuma m shuka Gabas. Game da shi a rubuta sabon abu da kuma romantic Legends. Magnolias wani bangare ne na al'adun kasashe da dama na ta Kudu.

yaji shuke-shuke

Domin dicots da kuma hada wakilan mafi m, aromatic iri - yaji. Alal misali, kamar:

• kirfa.
• Laurel.
• coriander.
• cumin.
• anisi.
• dill.
• faski.
• allspice, da sauransu.

Hakika, rawar da suka taka a masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci ne manyan. Bayan duk, ƙari ga dalilin da akayi nufi - don inganta dandano na shirye jita-jita da kuma ba su da wani musamman dandano, suna amfani da da kuma yadda sashi siffofin.

umbrella

Class dicots hada a membobinsu a iyali kamar laima, ko seleri. Su main bayãnin hukuncin fasalin - halayyar Inflorescence a cikin nau'i na laima. Kananan hõre nunannun furanni taru a kodadde, da wuya haske launuka. Duk da haka, abin da gaske ya bambanta su, da shi ke da wari. All wakilan dauke da manyan yawa na da muhimmanci mai, tannins, alkaloids. Saboda haka, kamshi laima ya bazu a kusa a yankin inda suke suna girma.

Wakilai daga cikin wadannan:

• coriander.
• karas.
• azhgon.
• seleri.
• fennel.
• parsnips.
• turakun guba .
• hemlock.
• saniya parsnip.
• thoroughwax.
• astrantia.
• feverweed.
• goutweed da sauransu.

Akwai kamar guba, da kuma da amfani sosai ga mutum shuka. Har ila yau, da yawa ne na ado.

Rosaceae

Mafi mashahuri wakilin - daji ya tashi ko ya tashi. Yana da wani dicotyledon shuka, wani misali na wanda ko da yaushe take kaiwa, da wuya ya zo da iyali Rosaceae. Amma, ba shakka, ba kawai yana da wani ɓangare na wannan dadi taxon. Me dadi? Saboda wancan ne abin da ya hada da:

• rasberi.
• ceri.
• lambatu.
• Quince.
• 'ya'yan ɓaure.
• apple itace,
• saskatoon.
• Rowan.
• apricot;
• ceri.
• almonds da kuma sauran wakilan da sosai appetizing.

Bugu da kari ga palatability, su ne kuma m kambun bitamin, ma'adinai macro- da microelements kuma daban-daban mahadi.

Akwai daga cikin saba grassy form: bloodroot talakawa, nettle, hemp, avens da sauransu.

Asteraceae

Don wannan iyali ne herbaceous, da wuya Woody shuke-shuke, Bishiyoyi masu dogon kwana. Wakilai da yawa da cewa sun samu kusan a duk faɗin duniya. Asteraceae akwai a yammacin sahara da kuma a cikin Arctic. Wannan shi ne mafi yawa kuma bambancin kungiyar dukkan bipartite.

Misalai zai iya sa daruruwan. Mene ne mafi shahara, to ta bayyana game da wani musamman shuka a tambaya:

• aster.
• sunflower.
• Dandelion.
• dahlia.
• chicory.
• marigolds.
• chamomile.
• Daisy.
• Serratula.
• Ambrosia da sauransu.

The mafi ban sha'awa da wakilan su ne:

• Scalesia Pedunculata.
• brachylaena gwargwado.

Su ban sha'awa, domin suna sosai iko itace tsawo na 20/40 mita, bi da bi. A skalezii sosai m rawaya furanni, tattara a tukwici na rassan. A jam'i na wannan itace samar da dukkan katako da Galapagos Islands.

Brachylaena Meran tsiro a Afirka ta Kudu da kuma Madagascar. Har zuwa 40 mita. A furanni ne manya-manyan, suka hallara a hure a tukwici na rassan.