TU-134: Bayani dalla-dalla

Daya daga cikin almara Soviet jirgin sama jirgin sama ya dauki ga iska a shekarar 1963.

samar da jirgin sama

A farkon da sittin da aka halin da canji na ƙarnõni na jirgin sama. A miƙa mulki daga fistan zuwa jet fasinja jirage ake bukata don ƙirƙirar sabon inji cewa bunkasa iska zirga-zirga. Bugu da kari, da karuwa a yawan motsi da kuma ci gaban tattalin arziki, Mun halitta mai karfi bukatar iska sufuri.

A mafi mashahuri inda ake nufi da aka riga ƙware fistan jirgin sama na da zamani rarrabuwa na gajeren zango. Yana da wannan rata da ya dauki wani jet jiragen TU-134.

A] aukacin layout

Aikin da aka ci gaba a cikin zane kirar Tupolev dangane baya aiwatar da model. Rich kwarewa a cikin zane na babban soja da kai da kuma farar hula jirgin sama bayar da nasara aikace-aikace na zane da kuma aikin injiniya mafita. Mun yi amfani da wani backlog na baya tsara inji. Suka kawo jirgin sama TU-134 bayani dalla-dalla cewa tabbatar da tsawo da kuma nasara sabis.

A daidai wannan lokaci da jirgin saman ya bayyana gawurtaccen a hanyoyi masu yawa. Capacity na na'ura jeri daga sittin zuwa tamanin mutane, dangane da layout. Amfani a kan kasa da kasa hanyoyi da ciki na na'ura, ne zuwa kashi azuzuwan cewa saukar da m fasinjoji.

Domin gida inda ake nufi kimanta fasinja lounges ba tare da azuzuwan, wanda ya tamanin mutane damar. A Tu-134 da jirgin sama dangane da dama gyare-gyare nauyi canza a cikin kewayon arba'in da bakwai zuwa arba'in da tara ton.

injuna

Biyu turbojet injuna na cikin gida da ci gaban sanya kusa da wutsiya. Wannan halin da ake ciki gondolas daidai shige da bukatun fara unpaved da talauci sanye take hadahada, hana shigar azzakari cikin farji daga baƙin abubuwa a cikin injuna. Dirka kowane engine ya kai bakwai ton, da sa fara da gajeren runways.

A nan gaba, da inganta injuna da kuma maye gurbin a lokacin overhaul. Cruising jirgin sama gudun TU-134 kai ɗari takwas da hamsin kilomita awa a farko version injuna. Tare da shigarwa na modified ikon raka'a, shi ya karu zuwa arba'in kilomita awa.

Peculiar sauti engine Tu-134, kusa da sauti na shẽwa tanã bayyana gudummawar high recognizability m jirgin sama. Batutuwan amo samar da engine a farko da kuma hau juya a kira su sosai high. Wannan ya kai ga matsaloli tare da aiki da jirgin sama a duniya filayen jiragen sama bayan da tightening daga cikin dokoki na Ft Irfan gurbatawa.

ci gaban da wani model

Motar tabbatar da cewa sosai nasara. Tu-134 ya nuna mafi girma modernization m da kuma aminci. Performance handling halaye ma sanya wani ra'ayi. Ya hõre ta a cikin jirgin sama TU-134 na crosswinds da headwinds hani a kan takeoff da kuma saukowa suna daga cikin mafi karami domin wannan aji na jirgin sama. Wannan yanayin na inji ya markedly inganta jirgin tsari.

A babban hasara na farko model na Tu-134 shi ne rashin baya dirka, wanda muhimmanci ƙara da braking nesa daga cikin na'ura. Don rama domin rashin amfani braking parachutes da airbrake. A ci gaba da inji haka ne kawar siffofin da cewa sun auku daga matakin farko na ci gaba jet jirgin sama.

Air Export Jagoran

TU-134 da jirgin sama ya kasance Popular, ba kawai a kan hanyoyi na Tarayyar Soviet, amma kuma a} asashen waje. Kusan daga farkon samar, sai ya fara yin flights a waje filayen jiragen sama. Expand sani na mota, kuma ya taimaka wa shiga TU-134 a cikin kasa da kasa Air Show 1969 a Le Bourget. A jirgin sama ya nuna ba kawai matakin na ci gaba da Soviet jirgin sama masana'antu, amma kuma wani zamani tsarin kula da halittar Civil Air jiragen ruwa.

Bugu da kari ga jihohin da tarayyar Soviet, da na'ura da aka sarrafa a kasashe da dama a Afirka da Asiya da Latin Amurka. A lokuta da dama, da jirage kasance wani ɓangare na Air Force na sayo kasashen. Bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet da mota ya ci gaba da kula da iska CIS.

jirgin sama Long

A farko motoci isa a kamfanin jirgin sama a shekarar 1966. Tun lokacin da jirgin sama ne, a cikin iska. Yanzu wannan na'ura da aka sani kawai a zaman dako hidima shatan flights. Amma kafin shekara ta 2007, shi ne wani ɓangare na ma'aikatan na Rasha da kuma CIS kamfanonin jiragen sama yin na yau da kullum fasinja flights. Saboda haka, inji An yi amfani da manufar da aka nufa ga kan shekara arba'in.

Bugu da kari ga karusa na fasinjoji a kan yau da kullum da sabis, bayar da gyare-gyare ga sabis jami'an gwamnati mafi girma da matakin. Wadannan allon suna sanye take da ƙarin abubuwa kara ta'aziyya da kuma tsaro. Sun kafa musamman gwamnatin sadarwa tsarin.

Akwai kuma soja gyare-gyare TU-134, da nufin horar da matukan jirgin da kuma navigators na soja jirgin sama. Daya daga cikin versions sanye take da halayyar hanci mazugi, aka yi amfani da matukin jirgi horo dogon zangon-m.

A kan tarihin samar, wanda dade fiye da shekaru ashirin, an saki kusan ɗari tara kofe na motoci na daban-daban gyare-gyare. A wannan nuna alama Tu-134 nasa ne mafi tartsatsi misalai na Soviet fasinja a jirgin sama.

decommissioning

Bugu da kari ga fasaha da fasaha obsolescence na na'ura, a manyan rawa a cikin ƙarshe na ta yin amfani da ya taka wani ƙara amo matakin na da ikon shuka. New ICAO dokokin kawo ƙarshen yawa na kasa da kasa inda ake nufi da cewa suna bauta ta Tu-134. A sauran wurare na iya ba samar da wani hutu-ko da aiki model, kuma m tare da more zamani jirgin sama zuwa kasashen waje da kuma na cikin gida masana'antun.

Ko da yake a jirgin sama da aka samar har 1987, a yau da kullum flights tsaya ta amfani da shi a shekarar 2008, ya maye gurbin inji wasu brands. Yau ci gaba da fitarwa na motoci na wannan model daga sauran Tsarin iska sufuri. Duk da haka, lokacin daukan ta, kuma ƙarami da jirgin sama na wannan alama ga fiye da shekara ashirin da biyar. Fiye da dari jirgin sama har yanzu ya kasance wani bangare na kamfanonin jiragen sama, amma ƙarshen daraja tarihi na farko-haife na Soviet fasinja a jirgin sama ne ba da nĩsa ba.

Hatsarori da kuma faruwar

Domin shekaru masu yawa, da cewa Tu-134 da za'ayi a cikin iska, ba ba tare da hatsarori. Amma da jirgin saman ya ci gaba da za a gani hadari kuma abin dogara na'ura. Aircraft bala'i Tu-134 sun wuya aka hade tare da zane na na'ura, da aka gyara da kuma majalisai.

Babban ɓangare na bala'i ne sakamakon daidaituwa ko da mutum factor. A jirgin sama da aka sarrafa a karkashin yanayi wanda ba ko da yaushe girmama bukata jirgin lafiya matakin, ba kawai a cikin Tarayyar Soviet amma kuma a kasashe masu tasowa. Instrumentation inji hadu da matsayin da zamanin a cikin abin da aka halitta, kuma da ake bukata cancantar da kuma matukan jirgin nauyi, kuma ƙasa sabis.

A duk shekara na aiki na Tu-134 domin dalilai ba alaka da ayyukan sojojin, shi aka rasa fiye da sittin da biyar da jirgin sama, wanda ya kashe har zuwa daya da rabi da mutane dubu.