Polymerase sarkar dauki kuma da yanayi da kuma ikon yinsa, daga

Polymerase sarkar dauki (PCR) - da hanyar da ilmin sanin kwayoyin halittu, wanda damar gano a cikin nazarin halittu abu adadi kaɗan na deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ko kuma wajen, wasu daga ta da wani ɓaɓɓake, kuma riɓaɓɓanya su sau da yawa. Sa'an nan kuma aka gano a gani ta gel electrophoresis. A dauki aka ɓullo da a 1983 ta K. Mullis da kunshe a cikin jerin fice binciken 'yan shekarun nan.

Mene ne sunadaran PCR

A dukan hanya dogara ne a kan ikon da nucleic acid don ya kai-rubanya, cewa a cikin wannan harka da aka gudanar artificially a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. DNA ba zai iya kwafi fara wani yankin na DNA, amma kawai a yankunan da takamaiman jerin nucleotides - da fara da wani ɓaɓɓake. Domin ga polymerase sarkar dauki ya fara, muna bukatar share fage (ko DNA bincike). Wadannan su ne short jẽfo wani ɓaɓɓake daga jerin DNA tare da wani ba nucleotide jerin. Su karin (Ina nufin, m to) farkon samfurin DNA rabo.

Hakika, don ƙirƙirar primers, masana kimiyya dole karatu da jerin nucleotides na nucleic acid, wanda aka hannu a cikin hanya. Wadannan DNA bincike tabbatar da bayani dalla-dalla na dauki da kuma ta qaddamarwa. Polymerase sarkar dauki ba zai tafi, idan samfurin ba sami a kalla daya kwayoyin da ake so DNA. A general, da dauki na bukatar sama primers, wani sa na nucleotides, zafi resistant DNA polymerase. A karshen ne wani enzyme - catalytic halayen da kira na sabon nucleic acid kwayoyin a kan wani samfurin-akai. Dukan waɗannan abubuwa, ciki har da nazarin halittu al'amarin, wanda wajibi ne a gane DNA ake hada cikin wani dauki cakuda (bayani). An sanya a cikin wani na musamman thermostat cewa aikin ta sosai m dumama da kuma sanyaya a cikin kayyade lokaci - zagayowar. Suna yawanci 30-50.

Ta yaya ne wannan dauki

Jigon wannan shi ne cewa a lokacin daya sake zagayowar, da primers suna a haɗe zuwa rabo daga cikin so DNA, bayan wanda ta ke anya da enzyme. Bisa ga sakamakon DNA strands hada a m hawan keke more kuma mafi guda na m kwayoyin.

Polymerase sarkar dauki shi ake gano wadannan ta matakai. Yana halin da farko anya da adadin samfurin a lokacin kowace sake zagayowar na dumama da kuma sanyaya. A karo na biyu mataki na dauki auku deceleration tun da enzyme ne lalace da kuma hasarar aiki. Bugu da kari, tsautsayi hannun jari na nucleotides da primers. A karshe mataki - tudu - da kayayyakin an daina tara kamar yadda reagents kan.

Inda aka yi amfani da

Lalle, za'a fadada aikace-aikace polymerase sarkar dauki sami a magani da kuma kimiyya. Ana amfani da jama'a da kuma masu zaman kansu ilmin halitta, dabbobi magani, kantin magani, da kuma ko da lafiyar qasa. Duk da yake cikin karshen ana yin saka idanu abinci inganci da muhalli abubuwa. Rayayye amfani polymerase sarkar dauki a cikin na bincike yi don tabbatar da ubanci da kuma ganewa na mutum ainihi. A na bincike kimiyya, kazalika a binciken burbushin halittu, sau da yawa wannan hanya ne kawai hanya, domin shi ne yawanci samuwa a nazarin musamman adadi kaɗan na DNA. Hakika, a sosai yadu used Hanyar da aka samu a da al'adar magani. Ya ake bukata ta a waɗannan wurare kamar yadda halittar jini, dauke da kwayar cutar da oncological cututtuka.