The kafa na cathartic Hanyar psychotherapy Breyer Yozef: biography, ayyukansu da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Breyer Yozef - wani Australian likita da physiologist, wanda Sigmund Freud, kuma wasu sun yi kira da kafa psychoanalysis. Ya ya iya warkar da mara lafiya daga ciwon iska cututtuka bayan ya hypnotized ya taimake ta tuna da m al'amurran da suka wuce. Ya yi magana game da hanyar da sakamakon zuwa Sigmund Freud, ya kuma ba shi da marasa lafiya.

Yozef Breyer: biography

An haife shi a 01.15.1842 a birnin Vienna, kuma a can ya rasu 20/06/1925. Uba Yozefa Leopold (1791-1872) Farfesa na addini aiki da Viennese Yahudawa al'umma. Breuer aka bayyana shi a matsayin na zuwa "wani ƙarni na gabashin Turai Yahudawa, wanda da farko ya fito daga ilimi duhun kai a kan iska na yammacin duniya."

Da uwarsa mutu a lokacin da ya kasance game da shekaru hudu, da kuma farkon shekaru na rayuwa Breyer Yozef ciyar da kakarta. Uba ya koya shi zuwa takwas, sa'an nan ya shiga Academic Gymnasium a Vienna, ya kammala digirinsa a 1858. A shekara, bayan wucewa a hanya na wani University ilimi, Yozef Breyer tafi likita makaranta a Jami'ar birnin Vienna da kuma sauke karatu daga likita horo a 1867. A wannan shekara, nan da nan bayan da jarrabawa, ya zama mataimakin likita Johann Oppolzer. Lokacin da ya rasu a 1871, Breuer fara nasa zaman kansa yi.

Mafi Vienna likita

A 1875, Breuer ya zama mataimakin farfesa far. Da ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa Yuli 7, 1885, kamar yadda ya hana damar yin amfani da haƙuri da makasudin. Ya kuma ki ba da damar Likita Billroth gabatar da shi ga lakabi na Mataimakiyar farfesan. Its m dangantaka da likita baiwa kasance haka tataccen.

A lokaci guda, Breuer an gane a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyau likitoci da masana kimiyya a Vienna. The aikin ya zama ya main amfani, kuma ko da yake ya taba kiransa kansa "janar yin aiki", ya kasance abin da a yau ake kira da ilimin. Wasu ra'ayin suna daga cikin Breuer iya ba da hujjar cewa akwai mutane da yawa furofesoshi na Medical Faculty, kazalika da Sigmund Freud da firaministan kasar Hungary a cikin marasa lafiya. A 1894 aka zabe shi da Vienna Academy of Sciences, a kan tsari na ta fi shahararren members, likita Ernsta Maha da physiologists Evalda Geringa da Sigmund Exner.

Personal rai

Mayu 20, 1868 Breyer Yozef aure Matilda Altmann, wadda ta haifa masa 'ya'ya biyar: Robert, Bertha Hammershlyag Margaret Schiff, Hans kuma Dora. Breuer 'yar Dora kashe kansa, ba so samun fyauce da Nazis. Suka kashe jikanyar Hannah Breuer Schiff. Sauran zuriyarsa rayuwa a Ingila, Canada da kuma Amurka.

kimiyya aiki

Breyer Yozef karatu magani a Vienna, kuma ya karbi digiri a 1864. Ya yi karatu da Physiology na thermoregulation da kuma numfasawa (Hering-Breuer reflex). A 1871 ya fara yi a birnin Vienna. A lokaci guda gudanar da bincike a kan aikin na can cikin kunne (Mach-Breuer ka'idar da ya kwarara daga endolymphatic ruwa). Zama wani likita a 1874, sai ya koma zuwa ga karatu a 1884.

Breuer wani aboki na iyali likita da kuma wasu mambobi na Kwalejin na Vienna da babban birnin kasar ta high jama'a. Ya kiyaye up wani rubutu da artists, marubuta, masana Falsafa, masana ilimin tunani da kuma abokan aiki a cikin filin, da kuma a 1894 aka zabe shi dan wani m memba na Academy of Sciences.

Good hukunci na falsafa, Breyer Yozef sha'awar da ka'idar ilimi da kuma ka'idojin tushe na Darwiniyanci, wanda aka tabbatar da ya sa hannu a cikin taro a 1902 da kuma musayar haruffa da Franz von Brentano. Ya kasance mai aiki takara a tattaunawa game da kayan yau da kullum na siyasa da akida, kazalika da tattauna al'amura na, adabi da kuma music.

Kamar yadda wani mai wayar da assimilated Bayahude, ya dauki wani irin pantheism, sun riƙi kan Goethe da Gustav Teodora Fehnera. Ya fi so Maxim aka ce Spinoza Suum esse conservare ( «Ajiye wanzu"). Ya aka kama da wani nau'i na shakka da, wadannan William Makepeace Thackeray, "aljan" amma "cewa tilasta masa ya tambayi wani sabon samu ilmi. Saboda da cikakken ilimi na tarihin ideas, tarihi da zamantakewa da siyasa da yanayin da ya zamanin, kazalika da ga dalilai alaka da nasa rai, ya yi imani da cewa shi ne kusan ba zai yiwu a dauki m ayyuka.

Dalili na binciken ya zuwa Breuer a Physiology a sami dangantaka tsakanin sifa da aiki, kuma ta haka bayyana teleological nau'i na request. Yana sha'awar dokokin aiwatar a cikin nau'i na kamunkai sunadaran. Ba kamar mai yawan physiologists a cikin abin da ake kira motsi biofizikalistov, wahayi zuwa gare ta Ernst Brücke, Hermann von Helmholtz da Du Bois-Reymond, Breuer ĩmãni a cikin neo-vitalism.

farkon psychoanalysis

A cikin shekaru 1880-1882 ya aka zalunta da wani matashi haƙuri Bertha Pappenheim (Anna O.), wanda ya sha wahala a juyayi tari da yawa wasu hysterical cututtuka (yanayi swings, canje-canje a jihohin sani, na gani disturbances, inna da kuma seizures, aphasia). A lokacin dogon tattaunawa likita da kuma 'yan wasan sun gani cewa wasu daga cikin manifestations da cutar bace a lokacin da tunanin su da farko bayyana, sai ta zama zai yiwu a haifa da hade rinjayar da aka mayar. Wannan ya faru a wani lokaci a maras wata-wata avtogipnoticheskih jihohi. Bisa ga wadannan lura, da farko kwatsam, da haƙuri, kuma likita ya ci gaba tsanaki hanya inda mutum cututtuka hankali tuno a baya shekara-shekara domin har suka bace bayan da wani cikakken haifuwa na asali scene. Wani lokaci a lokacin far amfani da wucin gadi hypnosis, idan haƙuri ba a Jihar kai-hypnosis.

A lokacin far bukata m mazaunin Anna O. asibitin kusa Vienna saboda wani ƙãra hadarin kunar haƙuri. Duk da a bayyane da kuma m nasarar da hanyar, wasu daga cikin manifestations da cutar zauna. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ta wucin gadi manta su harshe da kuma mai karfi da trigeminal neuralgia, wanda ake bukata magani da morphine ne jaraba. Saboda wadannan cututtuka, Breuer ake magana domin kara magani ga likita Lyudvigu Binsvangeru a Bellevue Sanatorium a Kreuzlingen a watan Yuli 1882. Ta dakatar a watan Oktoba, tare da inganta ta, amma ba gaba daya warke.

Aiki tare da Freud

A 1882, Breyer Yozef tattauna a sama lokuta, tare da takwaransa Sigmund Freud, wanda da shekaru 14, ya junior. Bayan karshen fara aiki neurologist, ya gwada wannan hanya a kan marasa lafiya. Bisa ga ka'idar Charcot, Pierre Janet, Mobius, Ippolita Bernhayma da sauransu, sun hade ci gaba da msar tambayar tushen aiki na qwaqwalwa ne qwarai na'ura da warkewa hanyoyin, wadda suka kira "Hanyar catharsis," Magana game da Aristotle da ra'ayoyin game da bala'i aiki (catharsis matsayin tsarkakewa daga cikin masu sauraro da motsin zuciyarmu ).

A 1893, suka wallafa wani rahoton na farko "A cikin psychical inji na hysterical mamaki". Bayan shekaru biyu da aka bi ta "Nazarin a kan ciwon iska", "kusurwa-dutse na psychoanalysis", aza harsashin ginin a filin da ilimin halin tababbu. A takarda yana da wani babi kishin ka'idar (Breyer), wani kwazo far (Freud), da kuma biyar hali tarihi (Anna O., Emmy von N., Katarina, Lucy R., Elisabeth von R.).

Kula da psychoanalysis

Freud ci gaba wajen samar da ka'idar da dabara yayin da aiki tare da Breuer (m neuroses, free of ƙungiya). Josef bai gamsu da bukatar da m accentuation na jima'i dalilai da takwarorinsa gan gargadi da alama na detachment. A 1895, da nisa tsakanin su ya karu, wanda ya kai ga karshen su haɗin gwiwar.

Ci gaba da nuna sha'awa a cikin ci gaban psychoanalytic ka'idar, da cathartic Hanyar Breyer Yozef ragu. Freud daga baya shawarar da suke cewa jiyya na Anna O. aka abruptly katse saboda da karfi na batsa jũyarwa, bi da wani hysterical ciki da haihuwa. Wannan version of events kerata da Freud, kuma Ernest Jones na kowa, a cikin wasu abubuwa, ba zai iya jure tarihi aikita. More yunƙuri nuna cewa bayanin irin hali na Anna O. ya zamba, da hujjojin da ba a goyon baya har.

m hali

Yozef Breyer ya sada zumunci tare da da yawa daga cikin haske masana na zamaninsa. Ya gudanar da wani dogon rubutu da Brentano, wani aminin da mawãƙi Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach da abokai da Mach, wanda ya hadu da a lokacin karatu na can cikin kunne. Breuer ta ra'ayi a kan wallafe-wallafen da falsafa tambayoyi, a fili, dadin fadi da girmamawa. Breyer yi magana da yawa harsuna: misali, lura da Anna O. dogon lokaci da aka gudanar a cikin harshen Turanci. Da iyaka da kuma zurfin da ya al'adu moriyar kasance kamar yadda sabon abu da kuma muhimmanci, kazalika da ta kiwon lafiya da kuma kimiyya nasarori.

Yozef Breyer: ban sha'awa facts

• Bayan ya haƙuri Anne G. kafa karfi da aka makala a cikinta, qazanta da pronounced jima'i yanayi, Breyer Yozef aiki a psychotherapy, bukata tsaye lamba tare da marasa lafiya canja zuwa Freud ta.
• Breuer gano cewa neurotic bayyanar cututtuka bayyana saboda tunaninsu da lamirinsu matakai, da kuma je a lõkacin da suka zama m.
• Zigmund Freyd nasarori a psychotherapy ake bukata don Breuer, wanda ya gabatar da shi ga binciken, da kuma ba shi da marasa lafiya.
• A 1868, ya bayyana reflex Hering-Breuer, wanda aka hannu don sarrafa inhalation da inhaled a lokacin al'ada numfashi.
• A 1873 Breuer bude azanci shine aiki na semicircular canals fitar kasusuwan jikinsu labyrinth na can cikin kunne da kuma dangantakarsu da fuskantarwa a sarari, da kuma tare da ji na balance.
• A nufinsa, ya bayyana so da za a cremated, kuma shi aka yi.