Tale - shi ne mai shekaru haihuwa hikima na Rasha mutane

Mene ne hikaya, da kuma abin da yake da rawar a cikin rãyuwar kusan kowane mutum? Wanda na mu a cikin shimfiɗar jariri bai ji wadannan ban mamaki dama ayyukansu daga lebe da mahaifiyata ko kaka ba karanta su a kindergarten, syllable da syllable, shi ba ya wuce, kamar yadda da adabi a makaranta manhaja? Kuma majigin yara da kuma yanayin fina-finan dangane? Za mu iya cewa da labari - shi ne wani abu da wanda ya yi girma fiye da daya tsara na mutane, kuma ba kawai a cikin kasar. Wani abu da ilimantawa da kuma siffofin da hali na kowane mutum.

definition

Amma ba kowa zai iya zuwa a fili ayyana "hikaya - shi ..." Kuma abin da, daidai da, shi ne mai hikaya? Bari mu fara da duk wani nau'i na kamus. Su hikaya - shi ne na farko, kuma farkon wani aikin na almara, na baka hadisin, da labarin na heroes da kuma abubuwan da suka faru, yawanci ƙagagge, haƙĩƙa, sun shige daga fuska da fuska. Amma a karshe ƙarni biyu da wadannan mutane rayayye ayyukan da aka buga a littattafai da kuma babbar lambobi, domin mu ko da yaushe suna da yiwuwar ba kawai saurare, amma kuma ya karanta. Folk labari - shi ne mai almara aiki. Yana za a iya contrasted tare da irin wannan "m" lãbãrai, kamar yadda bylina misali.

wallafe-wallafen

Kuma a sa'an nan akwai da wallafe-wallafen hikaya. Ta, da bambanci ga jama'a, da bunkasa Adabin Gargajiya, shi ne wani marubuci (kuma wani lokacin ake magana a kai a matsayin marubucin). Sau da yawa wadannan ayyuka suna a hankali alaka jama'a. Wani lokaci marubucin kawai paraphrases su, ba tare da ƙara wani abu, amma akwai wani hikaya, inda albarkatun kasa ne gaba daya pererabatan. Almara da aka riga da marubucin adabi bautar wani primary wuri a cikin adabi rarrabuwa. Amma marubucin tãtsũniyõyin shahararrun marubuta rightfully kasance a cikin taskar duniya litattafansu irin wallafe-wallafe.

wasu dabi'u

Idan muka yi magana game da sauran gabbanmu na kalmar hikaya, zai iya yiwuwa a lura da cewa irin wannan lokaci aka bayyana a cikin zaurance wani abu dama da kuma riya, wani lokacin unattainable a talakawa rai yanayi. Wani lokaci su kira shi, don haka babu wanda ya yi ĩmãni: tsarki almarar, ƙarya, mai labari (ko da tare da korau batawa).

Asalin kalmar

A cewar masana harkokin kimiyya, da kalmar bayyana a cikin yin amfani har da 17th karni da ya zo daga "tabbatar" cewa yana nufin "list" ko "cikakken bayanin". A yau mahallin, kalmar "hikaya" da aka yi amfani da daga baya, da kuma a baya amfani da kalmar "labari" ka koma ga wannan ra'ayi.

Nau'in jama'a tãtsũniyõyin

Masu bincike jama'a tãtsũniyõyin ce cewa su ne bisa myths, bata da tsarki ma'anar. The labari hade tare da wasu na ibada. A cikin hikaya m gefen zo da fore. Kuma abubuwan da suka faru faruwa a waje da data kasance labarin kasa. Domin irin wannan aiki ne halin da: m, na gama da orality. Kawai sa, da jama'a labari yana da wani takamaiman marubucin, da kuma watsa mahara riwaya maganar bakinka, da kiyaye asali mãkirci. Wani lokaci kara zuwa da shi da wani cikakken bayani yadda za bambancin. Zaka iya cewa ayyukan da CNT (almara) ne a gama halitta. Bisa ga misali rarrabuwa na almara masu bincike duk wadannan halittun za a iya raba tãtsũniyõyin game da dabbobi ko shuke-shuke, na matattun yanayi ko abubuwa, da sihirinka, tiresome, tarawa, novelistic da sauransu. A wannan Gungu ma ya hada da labarbaru da labaru.

Household labari

Wannan shi ne - Magana game da novelistic ayyukan CNTs. Domestic tãtsũniyõyin zauna a wajen manyan wuri a cikin kasa almara. Su ne daban-daban daga, misali, sihiri da ya ta'allaka ne a cikin zuciya na labari scenes daga rayuwar yau da kullum. Su ne, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ba almarar, amma real haruffa da hannu: matarsa da mijinta, wani m da kuma wani soja, wani mutum da wani ma'aikaci, Pop, da dai sauransu Yana aiki a kan baka al'adar mutanen fooling master ko firist game da tunãtarwa m matarsa, game da wani wayo soja, mallakan wit. A general, iyali hikaya - wani aiki a kan gida ko iyali theme. Main juyayi: a gogaggun soja, gwani kuma savvy ma'aikaci wanda isa su a raga, wani lokacin ta hanyar wucewa a comic ko ban tsoro halin da ake ciki. A lokacin da wannan aka gano labari irony. Irin wannan tãtsũniyõyin ayan zama short. A mãkirci tasowa da sauri, a cibiyar mataki daya episode, neman kamar hikaya labarin. Wannan iyali tãtsũniyõyin, bisa ga Belinsky, nuna halin kirki, na sirri, da kuma halayyar fasali na Rasha mutane: m hankali, da ikon irony, sauki da kuma aiki tukuru. Domestic tãtsũniyõyin dauke da babu tsoro, babu musamman sihiri, amma shi za a iya bai wa irony da kuma comedy. Externally kama da samfurin kama wani hikaya-riba. Wannan seeming yiwuwa - daya daga cikin mutane da yawa halaye na wannan art.

Misalai na iyali tãtsũniyõyin

Suna iya lissafa quite mai yawa: "The master da kare," "Fedul da Melanie", "mutum kuma wani mutum", "A wawa kuma Birch", "Makoki Goat," "soja uniform", "tukunya".

Kowa ya tuna, watakila, iyali hikaya "Porridge gatari", a cikin abin da kaifi-witted soja ke dafa tasa kamar yadda idan ba daga kome ba (daya gatari), kuma duk da haka ingeniously rokon a hadama mai masauki dukan zama dole kayayyakin.