The jiki kawai. Protozoa

Kwayoyin wanda jiki ya hada da daya kawai cell, ne mafi sauki. Za su iya samun daban-daban siffofi da kuma daban-daban halaye na sufuri. Kowa ya sani a kalla daya sunan, wanda shi ne mafi sauki kwayoyin halittar, amma ba duk gane cewa wannan shi ne wannan halitta ta. Saboda haka, abin da suka kasance, da kuma abin da iri ne ya fi kowa? Kuma abin da wannan dabba? Kamar yadda rikitarwa da kuma coelenterates, guda-celled kwayoyin cancanci cikakken nazari.

Subkingdom unicellular

Protozoa ne kananan halittu. Jikinsu an hada da guda cell, wanda yana da dukan zama dole ayyuka ga rayuwa. Saboda haka, cikin sauki guda-celled kwayoyin da metabolism, za a iya nuna irritability, tafi da kuma haihuwa. Wasu bambanta m siffar jiki, yayin da wasu suna kullum canja shi. Babban bangaren jiki ne mai tsakiya kewaye da cytoplasm. A cikin shi akwai da dama iri da wasu gabbansa. A farko - obschekletochnye. Wadannan sun hada da ribosomes, mitochondria, Galdzhi na'ura da kuma kama. Na biyu - na musamman. Wadannan sun hada da kuma kayan hanji da contractile vacuole. Kusan duk protists iya matsar ba tare da wahala. A wannan suna ya taimaka da pseudopodia, flagella ko cilia. A rarrabe kwayoyin ne phagocytosis - da ikon kama daskararru da nike su. Wasu iya gudanar da photosynthesis.

Yadda za a mika guda-celled?

Protozoa za a iya samu a ko'ina - a sabo ruwa, ƙasa ko teku. A babban mataki na rayuwa da shi na samar da ikon encysted. Wannan yana nufin cewa a karkashin m yanayi, da jiki gudana a cikin kyaun mataki, an rufe shi da wani m m daina kai hare hare. Samar da cysts taimaka ba kawai su tsira, amma kuma don yada - don haka jiki na iya zama a cikin wata mafi dadi yanayi, inda don samun abinci da kuma damar da za su haifa. The jiki kawai yi kwanan nan da taimakon biyu sabuwar cell division. Wasu ma suna da ikon jima'i haifuwa, akwai nau'in da hada duka biyu zažužžukan.

amoeba

Ya kamata lissafa abubuwan da ya fi na kowa kwayoyin. A sauki ne sau da yawa hade da wannan ra'ayi - tare da amoebas. Su ba su da wani m jiki siffar, kuma ƙarya kafar amfani ga locomotion. Su ma amoeba kama abinci - algae, kwayoyin ko wasu protozoa. Pseudopodia kewaye da shi, da jiki Forms narkewa kamar vacuole. Duk da shi samar da abubuwa da ake saki a cikin cytoplasm, kuma undigested jefa fitar. Karsh amoeba aikin dukan jiki via yadawa. Da suka wuce haddi ruwa daga jiki an samu contractile vacuole. multiplication tsari na faruwa ta rarraba core, bayan da daya daga cikin biyu Kwayoyin suna samu. Amoebas ne ruwa tare. Protozoa ci karo a cikin mutane da dabbobi, wanda idan za su iya kai wa ga wani iri-iri cututtuka ko kaskantar sauran yanayin.

euglena kore

Wani kwayoyin, rarraba a sabo da ruwa, kuma dangantaka da da sauki. A Euglena kore jiki ne dogara sanda-dimbin yawa, tare da m m Layer na cytoplasm. A ƙarshen gaban na jiki ƙare da dogon flagellum, ta hanyar da jiki motsa. A cytoplasm akwai wasu m chromatophores, wanda shi ne chlorophyll. Wannan yana nufin cewa haske ne powered euglena autotrophic - iya ba duk kwayoyin. Protozoa an shiryar da taimakon ido. Idan euglena dogon tsaya a cikin duhu, chlorophyll vuya da kuma kwayoyin shiga wani heterotrophic tsari ga samar da sha kwayoyin abubuwa daga ruwa. Kamar amoeba, protozoa, wadannan haifa ta rarraba, da kuma numfashi a duk faɗin.

Volvox

Daga cikin unicellular da kuma mulkin mallaka kwayoyin faruwa. Kawai mai taken Volvox rayuwa da cewa hanya. Bã su da wani mai siffar zobe siffar da gelatinous jiki, kafa ta memba cikin mallaka. Kowane Volvox yana da biyu flagella. A hadewa motsi na duk Kwayoyin aka saba da motsa a sarari. Wasu daga cikinsu suna iya haifa. Saboda haka akwai rassa Volvox mallaka. A wannan tsarin, da kuma daban-daban algae, da aka sani da Chlamydomonas.

Ciliate-sifila

Wannan shi ne wani na kowa mazauni na sabo ruwa. Kira ciliates suna zamar masa dole ya samar da nasu Kwayoyin kamã da takalma. Da wasu gabbansa da suke amfani da motsi, da ake kira cilia. The jiki yana da wani m siffar da m harsashi da biyu tsakiya, ƙanana da manyan. Abu na farko da za ka bukatar ka asali, da kuma na biyu controls duk m tafiyar matakai. Kamar yadda ikon infusorian yana amfani da kwayoyin cuta, algae da sauran guda-celled kwayoyin. Protozoa sau da yawa haifar da narkewa kamar vacuole a takalma shi ne a wani wuri a cikin bakinsa. Don cire undigested sharan ba poroshitsa da selection ne da za'ayi amfani da contractile vacuoles. Domin ciliates halin da sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, amma za a iya a tare da ƙungiyar na biyu mutane ga musayar makamashin nukiliya abu. Wannan tsari shine ake kira Tasrifu. Daga cikin dukkan ruwa tare protozoa ciliate-sifila ne mafi rikitarwa a cikin tsarin.

Celled a gona da kuma seawater

Bugu da kari ga mazaunan ruwa tare tafki, kuma ya kamata jerin abubuwan da sauran protozoa. Saboda haka, a cikin tẽku, sun fi na kowa kwayoyin radiolarians da foraminifera. Matattu farko jiki form ma'adinai adibas opals da Jade. Foraminifers bambanta da gaban da harsashi yashi hatsi ko alli, da kuma bayan mutuwa form lemun tsami ko alli. Kuma waɗanda kuma wasu bangare ne na plankton. A ƙasa ne ma gida zuwa iri-iri na protozoa. Sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin samuwar wani sabon ƙasar. Bugu da kari, da kwayoyin iya zama parasites. Sun kai ga hatsari cututtuka da mutane da dabbobi. Mafi shahara shi ne Plasmodium falciparum, wanda settles a mutum jini. Dysentery amoeba iya rushe da manyan hanji. Trypanosomes yada barci cuta.