Tarihi, al'adu, hadisai da kuma mutane na Slovakia. Population Slovakia: adadin, halaye da kuma aikin yi

Slovakia - Power, wanda aka located a tsakiyar Turai. A babban birnin kasar Slovakia - Bratislava. A jama'ar na babban birnin kasar ne game da 470 mutane dubu. A kasar ba a wanke da tekuna, da makwabtanta ne Poland, Hungary, Ukraine, Czech Republic, Austria. A yankin na jihar ne 49 000 km ^2, da kuma tsawon iyakoki - 1524 km.

A Brief History of jihar

Tarihi na Slovakia (yawan riga ya zauna a waɗannan ƙasashe) ya fara a cikin farkon Paleolithic, shi yana da kusan m yaƙe-yaƙe. A VI karni BC. e. waɗannan ƙasashe kama Roman legions, amma bayan faduwar daular a inda suke zo da Goths da Jamusanci al'umma. Shi ne kawai a kusa da farkon na IX karni Slavic kabilan zaunar a kasar, wanda ya kafa sarauta na Nitra da kuma shiga zuwa Hungary.

A XI-XIV ƙarni Slovakia wani bangare ne na Mulkin Hungary. A 1526, lokacin da Ottoman Empire aka kifar da Hungarian Kingdom, Slovakia shiga cikin Roman Empire. Har 1918 ne wani ɓangare na Austria-Hungary. Shi ne kawai a 1938 Slovakia ya zama mai cin gashin kanta ta Tsakiya, amma shi ya kasance karkashin Jamus iko. Gurguzun zo ikon bayan yakin duniya na biyu. A shekarar 1998, jam'iyyar kwaminis da aka kifar.

m Slovakia

Basulake National Council a watan Yuli 1992, soma da jawabi na mulkin Basulake Jamhuriyar. Satumba 1, 1992 farko kundin tsarin mulki da aka soma. A tarayya Czechoslovak jihar daina wanzuwa 31 Disamba 1992.

Michael Kovacs - shugaban farko na Slovakia. Ya fara mulki a watan Fabrairu 1993. Maris 29, 2004 Slovakia shiga NATO. May 1, 2004 kasar shiga Tarayyar Turai. 21 Disamba 2007 ya shiga Turai labarinka yankin, da kuma Janairu 1, 2009 - zuwa Yuro zone.

Shugaban Power ne shugaba wanda ya riƙi UbangiJinsa high ofishin for 5 shekaru. The yawan Slovakia da wata kuri'a zaban shugaban kasa. The shugaban jam'iyyar ko kawance ne firayim ministan kasar. Bisa ga shawarwarin da firaministan kasar, ance da babban ɓangare na hukuma da ajalin ta sarautar 4 years. Shugaban na da hakkin ya soke majalisar bayan da aka hõre uku ƙin yarda da manufofin sanarwa na gwamnati.

Labarin kasa na Slovakia, yanayin, sauyin yanayi

The yawan wannan kasa yana da m albarkatun. Mafi yawa daga cikin ƙasar da aka rufe dutse kololuwa. A arewa da kuma arewa-maso-gabas ne Yammacin Carpathians, a kan iyakar kasar da Poland ne High kuma Low Tatras. Gerlachovský Štít - tsororuwar a kasar (2655 mita).

A kudu maso yammacin ikon ne kogin Danube. A wannan kogi daga ƙarƙashinsu a cikin sauran kananan dutsen qarqashinsu. A gabas, daga ƙarƙashinsu Carpathian koguna da cewa ya kasance a cikin kwari na Tisza: Toris, Laborec, Ondava. A manyan koguna na Danube aikin gandu - da Hron, bah, Nitra.

A kasar sauyin yanayi ne temperate nahiyar. Idan da hunturu a Slovakia ne bushe da sanyi, a lokacin rani ne dumi da kuma gumi. A babban birnin jihar, a watan Janairu shi nuna zafin jiki kamar -1 darajõji, kuma a watan Yuli 21 + - 24 digiri. A mountainous yankunan colder hunturu da kuma bazara.

40% na ikon da aka rufe da gandun daji. Idan kudancin gangaren duwãtsu aka rufe da gauraye da deciduous gandun daji, a arewacin coniferous gandun daji girma. Mafi na kowa irin bishiyoyi a Slovakia: Beech (game da 31% na gandun daji), spruce (29%), da itatuwan oak (10%), fir (9%).

A duwãtsu, mai tsayi fadamun suna located. A cikin dazuzzuka da yawa bambancin talikan: barewa, beyar, Lynx, weasels, squirrels, Foxes. Shi ne a kasar da wani unusually bayyana iska, ma'adinai marẽmari da kankara kogwanni.

Addini da kuma jihar harsuna

Basulake harshe - ne hukuma harshen mutanen Slovakia ( 'yan qasar for 78.6% na yawan). A nasa ne da rukuni na Slavic harsuna, ya yi kama da Rasha da kuma Ukrainian. Mafiya yawa daga cikin Basulake yawan magana ba kawai a cikin kasa harshe, amma kuma a Czech, Jamus, Hungarian (game da 9.4%), Romany (2.3% maza) kuma a cikin harshen Turanci.

A babban ɓangare na yawan - shi ne mutane bangaskiya. A Jihar gane 'yancin addini. Shan la'akari da yawan al'umma na Slovakia, 60% na mũminai akwai Katolika, 0.7% - Orthodox, da kuma sauran - al'ummomi daga sauran addinai. Aƙalla 10% na yawan gano kansu a matsayin wadanda basu yarda. Located a kan ƙasa na 13 majami'u, 28 maza da mata da umarni, kazalika da addinin Yahudawa al'umma.

Hadisai da kwastan iko

Duk da cewa da Basulake mutane fiye da tara ƙarni tana karkashin mulkin na Hungary, kasar mazaunan basu manta da al'adunsu, da al'adu, da kuma harshe. Wannan shi ne babban girman kai na al'umma. Yau, mazauna jihar ba na son a lokacin da su 'yan qasar harshen da ake kira da ƙa'ida kama da sauran Turai da kuma Slavic harsuna.

All holidays da kuma hadisai, ko ta yaya, da alaka da yanayi. Yana tare da ita ga wani dogon lokaci ya kasance daya da kuma ta mutane na Slovakia, wanda ya rayu mafi yawa a kauyuka a baya tsunduma a aikin noma da kuma, in general, kai mai shiru rayuwa. Tsofaffin al'adun yau tuna da girma, dating dawo baya tare da girmamawa da trepidation. Slovaks gaskiya imani da cewa ba tare da baya ba zai iya zama a nan gaba.

Kusan kowace kauyen na da musamman kwastan. Mafi yawa daga cikin al'ummar gani da wadannan holidays:

• Uku Sarakuna hutu bikin a karshen mako na Kirsimeti (carols).
• Kaddamar da Moraine hutu, wanda alama ce ta karshen hunturu (kamar Rasha Shrovetide).
• Lucia bikin da dama a kan Disamba (bisa ga tsoho al'ada, a lokacin bikin wata yarinya kokarin tsammani a nan gaba ango).
• "Maypole" - wannan hadisin an kiyaye su daga zamanin da (bisa ga labari, shi wajibi ne don dasa bishiya a gaban taga na da budurwa).

The yawan jama'a da kuma ta kabilu

The yawan Slovakia a 86% ne Slovaks. Wani 10% - Hungarians da 4% - shi ne Gypsies, Dogayen sanda, Jamus, Ukrainians da kuma sauran kasashe. A karshen shekarar 2016, yawan jama'ar da aka miliyan 5.5 (domin shekara da yawan jama'a ya karu da dubu uku). A talakawan yawa - 110 mutane. 1 km ^2. A general, da demography na Slovakia don shekara 2016 da aka wakilta irin Figures:

• 56.998 mutane da aka haife.
• 53.361 mutanen da suka mutu.
• da haihuwa kudi ya wuce mutuwa kudi ta 3 637 mutane.
• 217 mutane. sanya hijirarsa riba.
• Slovakia 2.641.551 maza da 2.790.714 mata.

Slovakia, jimlar yawan wanda a Disamba 2017, bisa ga manazarta, zai zama 5,436,122, wata karuwa da 3 857 mutane. Rarar mace-mace a kan haihuwa kudi zai zama 3 640. About 57 dubu. An haifi mutum domin dukan shekara (kamar 156 yara a rana). Halitta karuwa ne tabbatacce, da yawan 'yan asalin ƙãra, albeit a wata sosai m taki.

Hijira wannan girma za talakawan 1 mutumin da rana. Wannan yana nufin cewa wani gagarumin ambaliya na yawon ci-rani da suka yi da jobs na Basulake 'yan ƙasa ba sa ran.

Tattalin arziki halaye na Jihar

Power ya dade wani bangare na daban-daban jihohi. Demography, tattalin arziki, Slovakia yawan sun dade da wani ɓangare na wani abu da ya fi girma (Czechoslovakia da kuma Austria-Hungary). Kuma kawai alfijir na wani zaman kanta a jihar suka fara samar da tattalin arziki.

A tattalin arzikin na yau ne inji aikin injiniya da kuma masana'antu. Fiye da 50% na kayayyakin suna samar don fitarwa. Kamar yadda tattalin arzikin kasar da aka gina a kan gaskiya, da kuma nuna gaskiya, Slovakia samu kasuwanci masu yawa a duniya ta masana'antu Refayawa. Yana da aka halitta a kasar shuke-shuke Korean manufacturer KIA mota, Jamus - Volkswagen da Faransa kungiyar Peugeot. Aƙalla rabin miliyan motocin samar a kowace shekara. Domin samar da motoci Slovakia ne daya daga cikin wurare na farko a duniya.

A kasar kanta Slovakia (labarin kasa, yawan, harshe) ne don haka m da picturesque cewa ba zai iya jawo hankalin masu yawon shakatawa. Mountains, Lakes, da kõguna da gandun daji - babban jan hankali. Saboda haka yana da ba na karshe wuri a jihar ta tattalin arzikin, yawon shakatawa ne. Kowace shekara, kasar tana ziyarci da miliyan biyu da yawon bude ido.

A cikin 'yan shekaru, da aikin yi ya karu da muhimmanci a Slovakia. A da kyau hutu ne lura a cikin aiki kasuwa. A shekara ta 2017, da yawan marasa aikin yi ya fadi 9% kudi. Girma da 3% da kuma matakin da sakamakon da yawan jama'a.

al'ummar jihar rubuce-rubuce

Slovakia ta yawan ne ilimi. A cewar manazarta 'kimomi, game da miliyan 4.6 mutane a kan shekaru na goma sha biyar iya karatu da rubutu (99.62%). Aƙalla 17.441 mutane zama na jahilci.

Rubuce-rubuce kudi na namiji yawan ne 99,59%, inda 8929 mutane zama na jahilci. Rubuce-rubuce kudi tsakanin mata 99,64%, inda 8512 mata ba su sani ba yadda za a karanta da kuma rubuta. A m adadi ga matasa (daga 15 zuwa 24 years old) ne 99,37%: ga yara maza da 'yan mata 99,53% bi da bi.

A tsarin ilimi

Ilimi na 'yan ƙasa za a iya raba wadannan matakai: firamarensa (daga 6-7 ga 14-15 shekaru), matsakaici (daga 14-15 ga 18-20 shekaru) kuma mafi girma. Manyan cibiyoyin ilmi ya kasu kashi jama'a, masu zaman kansu da kuma jama'a. Comenius University a Bratislava, University of Economics a Bratislava da fasaha University a Kosice suna dauke da mafi kyau jami'o'i na kasar.

Domin ilimi a jihar ma'aikatar ilimi ne da alhakin. Its abun da ke ciki za designate da shugaban kasar Slovakia. A Maris 23, 2016 Peter Plavchan aka nada shi Ministan Ilimi.

kasar al'ada

A mutane ne alfahari na ainihi da kuma Tsayayyar al'adu. Kowane yankin na kasar ne halin da jama'a kayayyaki da kuma musamman kwastan. Popular al'ada Powers da aka sani a ko'ina cikin duniya domin raye-raye, songs kuma music. Shi ne Slovakia, a description na kasar ta yawan - babban jigo na almara. Kusan kowace bazara mazauna shirya jama'a bukukuwa.

A jihar 12 jihar kimiyya dakunan karatu da aka gina zuwa ranar, 473 na wadannan cibiyoyi suna hade da jami'o'i, duk da haka akwai 2600] akunan karatu. a Jami'ar Library a Bratislava, birnin da aka kafa a shekara ta 1919, ya ƙunshi game da 2 miliyan takardun da ke dauke da kasa ta babban dakin karatu. A birnin Martin Basulake National Library da aka gina a 1863, wanda yana dauke da musamman kayan alaka da al'adu na wannan kasa.

A jihar da aka gina game da 50 gidajen tarihi. A 1893, a Bratislava, da Basulake National Museum da aka halitta a cikin abin da ya adana farfado daga filin na ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi, musicology, Basulake tarihi. Shi ne mafi shahara gidan kayan gargajiya na kasar.

Folk art da kuma music

Folk art, musamman a yankunan karkara, ciki har da: itace sassaƙa, zanen, sakar gidansa, yi da itace. Folk art ya samo asali kan ƙarni, wadda aka tabbatar ta archeological tono. Hadisin jama'a crafts ba a manta da yau, kamar yadda ko da yaushe mika sauka daga tsara zuwa tsara. Suna da goyon baya a gallery na gargajiya wallafa ULUV. Tun shekarar 1945, duk da nuni galleries nuna a} asashe 28.

Tun da XIX karni, music ba na karshe wuri a cikin al'adun mutanen. Zamani music a Slovakia dogara ne a kan mutãne, kuma na gargajiya styles. Known ayyukan XX karni za a iya kira wasar kwaikwayo ta waka Yana Kikkera da kuma abun da ke ciki A. Moises. Traditional music na Slovakia ne daya daga cikin mafi m da asali a Turai. Za ka iya jera irin sanannun orchestras a Slovakia a matsayin Radio Symphony Orchestra a Bratislava, da Basulake bẽne, Orchestra, Philharnonic Orchestra a Kosice da Bratislava.