Ta yaya kwayoyin bambancin

Maye gurbi faruwa a cikin jiki, da zai kai ga samuwar wasu munanan. Dangane da Kwayoyin da a abin da mataki da suka faru, da kayyade bambancin zai iya faruwa, Ina nufin, irin canje-canje suna daukar kwayar cutar, bi da hereditary Kwayoyin. Canje-canje ne batun wasu siffofin na jiki, dangane da genotype. Suna iya dage ga ƙarni da dama, da kuma a wasu lokuta akwai wani jari na wannan sabawa.

Halitta bambancin za a iya bayyana a takamaiman-canje da suke da tsanani isa ya nan da nan gane su. Zabiya kwayoyin misali ne na maye gurbi da kuma kayyade canje-canje a nan kuma za a iya dangana rashin feathering ko ƙahonin a dabbobi da kuma sauran irin wannan fasali. A tsirin kwatancinsa kuma ya faru - da sãɓã wa jũna a cikin masu girma dabam na petals ko shuka tsawo, wasu na fili munanan. Duk wannan shi ne wani sakamako na maye gurbi da kunshe a cikin ra'ayi na gaji canje-canje a cikin kwayoyin.

sunadaran da samuwar

A wani rukuni na mutane da cewa cu] anya a cikin wani ɗan wani lokaci, kafa wani yunkri maye gurbi. Suna hade a bazuwar kan data kasance hereditary halaye. A mafi girma da sabawa, da girma da alama na fitowan da sabon canje-canje da kara karkacewa daga kullum.

Maye gurbi faruwa a lokacin da samuwar Kwayoyin. A mataki gamete Fusion gene recombination ya auku, wanda shi ne babban dalilin canzawa. A dalilin iya zama wani chromosome ko wani bazuwar hade a lokacin meiosis da hadi. Saboda bayyananen a wannan farkon mataki ne kafa ta kayyade bambancin.

Duk da haka, da maye gurbi ya aikata ba spontaneously ko bazata faru, su ne saboda tasirin wasu dalilai. Mutagen iya zama radiation daukan hotuna, nazarin halittu, ko kwayar sakamako da magunguna.

Idan cell a cikin abin da maye gurbi faru, rike da ikon haifa, shi ne wata ila cewa kwayoyin bambancin da aka kafa. Canje-canje na iya zama gene, ilimin kwayoyin hali ko chromosomal dangane da inda suka bayyana.

Maye gurbi, a ci gaba

Halitta bambancin a ci gaba da wani alama sakamako a jiki. Its darajar ne isasshe manyan, kuma karo na farko da wannan sabon abu da kuma ta sunadaran fara da za a yi karatu a cikin 18th karni.

Charles Darwin ce cewa kowane kwayoyin ne batun mutum bambancin. Its main halaye ya kira wani hatsari, da dangi rarity da kuma wadanda ba directional a yanayi. Wannan muhimmanci dagula yunkurin hango ko hasashen da tsari ko wani tsinkaya.

Duk da haka, da maye gurbi ma ya kai ga samuwar wani ajiye kayyade bambancin, da samuwar daban-daban genotypes. Duk da haka, a cikin yanayin da irin wannan aiki, yafi aikin combinative canzawa - a lokacin jima'i haifuwa auku recombination na chromosomes. Wannan ya canza da karfinsu na genes kuma su interactions a genotype, amma genes kansu ba su canja, saboda haka babu wani abnormality.

Wadannan matakai taimaka wa fahimci yadda kwayoyin bambancin da kuma gyara. Daga cikin ra'ayi na juyin halitta suna da muhimmanci mutum bambance-bambance. Idan ya zo ga bayyanuwar hereditary canje-canje, yana daukan cikin lissafi ba kawai gaban mahaukaci kwayoyin halitta, amma su hade tare da sauran kwayoyin halittu na ga genotype, a Bugu da kari, zai iya, a ko ta wani hanya, shafi muhalli da yanayi da kuma kai tsaye ci gaban da kwayoyin.

A daya hannun, yana da muhimmanci daidai watsa kayyade abu daga tsara zuwa tsara, amma a daya hannun, kiyayewa da bayanai dauke a cikin kwayoyin halittu na iya zama musamman cutarwa ga kwayoyin.