Tã soja kai jirgin sama Il-76TD: fasaha bayani dalla-dalla

Il-76 - wani nauyi soja kai jirgin sama, wani model wanda yake tashi fiye da kwata karni. Daban-daban gyare-gyare da aka sanya a kan ta da asali, duka farar hula da kuma soja. Mutates da jirgin kanta, ƙara sabon fasali, kumbura data kasance mãsu girmansu. Duk da wajen tsanani shekaru, a kan tushen da wannan na'ura ne har yanzu kimanta sabon version.

TD model yana daya daga cikin gyare-gyare. Ilyushin Design Ofishin gabatar da shi a shekarar 1982, 'yan shekaru bayan da ƙaddamar da samfur samar. Biyu haruffa a cikin suna tsaye ga "masu dogon zango kai." Sauran bayani cewa bambanta wannan version, za mu dubi kasa.

Tarihi na halitta

A cikin tsakiyar 60-ies OKB Ilyushin samu wani tsari wajen samar da wani kai da jirgin sama. A aikin da aka za'ayi da shekaru da yawa, suka kuma ƙare a nuna na da '70s. Tuni a cikin Maris 1971 farko samfur na jirgin sama Il-76 aka dauke a cikin iska. A cikin wannan shekara a cikin iska show a Faransa, ga alama ga jama'a.

A 1973, tsarin ya zo a cikin samarwa. A farko inji suka taru a jirgin sama shuka su. Chkalov Tashkent. A 'yan shekarun baya, a shekarar 1976, ya amince da jirgin sama da kuma na soja. Daga wannan lokacin, Uzbekistan zama babban manufacturer wannan model. A waɗannan shekaru iri guda, da fashewa yaki a Afghanistan, da kuma bisa ga unofficial data, 95% na zirga-zirga da kuma sufuri ma'aikata a cikin shakka daga ayyukan soji da ake canjawa wuri ne wani sabon abu na Soviet jirgin sama masana'antu - Il-76.

Don kwanan wata, mafi kwanan nan gyare-gyare na wannan na'ura har yanzu samar da tushen soja kai jirgin sama na kasar Rasha. Ko da yake da dangantaka da jirgin sama daukar kaya shakatawa - a Afghanistan shekaru da ya samu a biyu daga kananan zamo kamar bindigogi 23 mm located in wutsiya sashe.

description

A kai da jirgin sama Il-76 shi ne na farko da jirgin sama zuwa Tarayyar Soviet, da babban iko shuka wanda shi ne turbojets. Sauran mota da yake faruwa a cikin saba wa m jirgin sama manufa share fuka-fuki da T-wutsiya da guda keel. A rarrabe za a iya kira da cikakken sealing na biyu da ofisoshin da kaya compartments. A jirgin sama daukar kaya kofofin uku, wanda daya da biyu a raya a gaban. Wannan tsari damar zuwa tsirar kai tsaye a cikin saukowa rafi 4 (da raya ƙyanƙyashe mahara slats), amma a yi wannan ba a amfani. A mafi yawan lokuta, a saukowa fita kawai daga gaban ƙyanƙyashe, yayin da daga baya tare da taimakon parachutes samar nauyi kayan aiki.

A lokaci guda, kamar wani jirgin sama na irin wannan, il-76TD yana da wani musamman kayan aiki located in biyu tiers, hudu hau kuma, ba shakka, da dama kaya winches. raya ƙyanƙyashe zane misali, uku bude yatsun, biyu daga wanda aka buɗe ga bangarorin, da kuma cibiyar da aka saukar da, kafa wani irin gangara ga shigarwa ko racking. Bayan shi, da kaya riƙe nadi tebur akwai da dama hanyoyi zuwa sauƙaƙe motsi na manyan kwantena.

A jirgin sama yana hudu iko Motors sanya, a pylons ƙarƙashin fikafikan. Gani daga gaban ko daga sama ne a fili gani cewa fuka-fuki an located sama da fuselage, a wani irin tsinkaya, wanda tare da gaban (wanda a kasa) shi ne halayyar bambanci tsakanin samfur, kuma ba a ta gyare-gyare, ciki har da Il-76TD yakin version. Iko kaya tsarin shirya a kan biyar-aya makirci (4 ƙarƙashin fikafikan, daya karkashin hanci), ba ka damar shige da ba kawai a cikin kankare tsiri, amma kuma ga share fage.

gyare-gyare

Kafin a ci gaba da gyare-gyare, ya kamata a lura da cewa model aka bayyana da mu a baya aka haife shi a hakikanin rai fiye da a kan takarda. Da farko, wadannan haruffa ya soja jirgin sama tare da karfafa man fetur tankuna, kazalika da sabon injuna. Sa'an nan, bayan wani lokaci, lokacin da zanen kaya ya fara yin wani farar hula version, daya daga cikin sabon zažužžukan da aka tsohuwar sunan.

• Il-76 - wani soja kai jirgin sama. Ya yi aiki a matsayin samfur ga jerin follow-up manyan motoci.
• Il-76T - kara da cewa wani karin man fetur tank a cikin wannan canji. Version ya zama wani matukin jirgi, amma wani ƙara samar da man fetur zai iya muhimmanci kara jirgin kewayo.
• Il-76TD - samu turbofan injuna D-30KP-1. Sauran ne gaba daya mayar da baya ci gaba.
• Il-76TDP - kuma ya mayar da baya ci gaba. Main aikace-aikace - gandun daji gobara, wanda dan kadan ya musanya kaya riƙe da kafa ruwa sallama tsarin.
• A-50 - a cikin zuciya na wannan ci gaban shi ne har yanzu wannan samfur tare da wani ƙarin man fetur tanki. Jirgin Saman tsarin shigar AEW (Airborne Early Gargadi kuma Control).
• Il-76M - hade version musamman domin a Air Force. The fasaha kashi mayar da T version, amma yana da bindiga makamai, da kuma ikon da A-50.
• Yl 76MD - soja version fiye da kayyade AP. New injuna da kuma soja "cika". Iya safarar matsakaici tankuna ko sojoji na har zuwa 200 mutane.
• Il-76LL - wannan version da aka tattara a cikin guda kofe da kuma wani dakin gwaje-gwaje tashi domin ci gaba da kuma gwaji na sabon injuna. Customers sun developers kansu OKB Ilyushin.
• Il-78 - jirgin-jirgin ruwa mai ɗaukar man fetur. Mafi qarancin tara makamai m load. Biyu ƙarin man fetur tankuna.
• Adman1 - version na A-50, taru don Air Force a Iraki. Na yi ƙarin radar.
• Adman2 - inji ne ma ya aika zuwa Iraqi Air Force. Wannan jirgin sama da aka tsunduma a cikin iko da kuma shugabanci na mayakan.

al'ada cin gaban

Bayan da version of LL, wanda aka halitta ga Developers, saki 'yan wadanda ba misali bambancin. A cewar unofficial bayanai, akwai 1-2 a nasu kofe da dijital alama ce sunan da aka ba samu. A matsayin samfur ga dukkan yi aiki a matsayin Il-76T - jirgin sama tare da ƙara man fetur iya aiki. Daga cikin su kasance da tashi asibiti, da m na Laser makamai , har ma da yanayin weightlessness na'urar kwaikwayo, musamman ga 'yan saman jannati.

iya aiki

A ci gaban da wani zamani da jirgin sama, ko da abin da irin, designers dole ne ya yi la'akari da yawa na biyu na waje da kuma na ciki sigogi, in ba haka ba da jirgin zai kasance iya tashi a cikin iska. Lokacin da ci gaban da aka kammala da kuma fara cikakken sikelin samar, kamfanonin jiragen sama, abokan ciniki za su kula da sauran kaddarorin, amma daya daga cikinsu shi ne na kowa da designers, da kuma dako.

Yana - damar. Il-76TD a yawa kyautayuwa samu damar kawo daya da rabi sau fiye da samfur. A farko motoci da aka sanar adadi na 28 ton. A cikin latest aukuwa - 42, da kuma a cikin sabon versions - har zuwa 60 ton.

ƙungiya

Kamar mafi yawan Soviet kai da jirgin sama, da jirgin sama samu madauwari glazed a baka. A na sama, inda babban iko, da ƙananan - ginshiƙi gidan. The ƙungiya daga Il-76TD hada 5 mutane. Wannan na farko matukin jirgi (kuma aka sani da FAC), a karo na biyu pilot, jirgin injiniya da rediyo sadarwarka. Har ila yau a cikin tawagar Na ɓangare na Navigator. A farko jirage da kuma zalla soja versions da ƙungiya biyu more - suna da sojoji kibiyoyi. Wannan ginshiƙi dakin jirgin sama a ɗaure da ɗan m bayyanar da baka.

ƙara

Special ambaci cancanci man fetur tsarin. A wani hali yakin jirgin sama, ko da kuwa da yawan injuna, akwai biyu, wani lokacin uku tanki. Standard wa'azi ga fasaha aiki 76TD Il-ambata tankuna 12, zuwa kashi 4 sassan (da Motors). A kowane daga cikinsu akwai har yanzu su division cikin primary, secondary da kuma madadin tankuna. Saboda haka, matukin jirgi yana da isasshen sassauci don sarrafa man fetur ya kwarara da kuma iya sauri amsa ga wani m halin da ake ciki. Total damar duk da tankuna ƙetare lamba na 100 dubu lita na man fetur.

halaye na

Mun sake nazari da mutum sigogi na Il-76TD. Bayani dalla-dalla za rage overall jerin.

Ganin cewa da yawa jirage riga tashi fiye da kwata karni, to a fara da, cewa developer sabis rai - 30 years. Duk da haka, shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa sabon versions har yanzu suna kashe taron line, amma ba a Tashkent, wanda yanzu dauke su a kasashen waje, da kuma Ulyanovsk.

• Wingspan - 50 m.
• Wing Area - 300 sq. m.
• Aircraft tsawon - 46.5 m, da kaya daki - 24,5.
• Height (a kan keel) - 14.7 m. Babbar taksi - 3.4 m.
• Nisa - 3, 45 (kaya daki).
• Volume - 321 cubic mita. m.

Lura cewa fuselage sashe ne mai cikakken da'ira, kuma bukatar ce cewa, jirgin mai yiwuwa ne ka shigar a karo na biyu gangara, yayin da kaya daki tsawon dan kadan, amma yana raguwa.

Flight data:

• A m takeoff nauyi - 88 ton, matsakaicin - 210.
• Speed - 800 km / h, matsakaicin - 850.
• Flight kewayon - 4000 km, matsakaicin - 6000.
• Practical rufi - 12,000 m.
• Saukowa gudun - 210 km / h.
• A tsawon titin jiragen sama domin takeoff (mini) - 850 m, domin dasa - 450 m.
• Engines - 4 (HPT 30KP-D-2).
• Gogayya karfi - 12 000 kg kowane.
• Fuel a duk tankuna - 109,5 l.

A ban a kan flights

A farkon sabuwar karni da aka alama ta wani baki mashaya a gaban 76 model. A 2000, da ICAO (International kungiyar da cewa kula da dukan sifirin jiragen sama) ya tsaurara da bukatun ga zamani jirgin sama. Ga wata na'ura da cewa ba ya sadu da sabon matsayin, rufe filayen jiragen sama a Turai, North America, Japan da kuma ko da Australia. Babban da'awar Il-76 karfe amo da kuma iska gurbatawa.

A sakamakon haka ne na zamanintar da kayan aiki version, wanda samu a Bugu da kari ga babban index 90VD. wani sabon aji na jirgin sama ba tare da iyakancewa tashi a kusa da duniya, haihuwa da kaya a cikin mafi daban-daban sasanninta na duniya.

A halin yanzu,

Tun da farko jirgin na 76th suka bauta wa a Air Force na Union of 15 shekaru da kuma ci gaba da bauta wa CIS kasashe. New versions da Rasha, Ukraine, Belarus da kuma sauran ƙasashe. Daruruwan motoci suka taru don fitarwa. Bugu da kari ga sojojin, yana yiwuwa don suna 'yan Tsarin cewa Il-76TD amfani a yau. MES, da ayyukan agajin gaggawa, jami'an tsaro, kazalika da wasu daga cikin kamfanonin jiragen sama da hannu a sufurin kaya zirga-zirga kawai. Akwai ma wani unofficial rarrabuwa: AN-124 - da supersize, daya daga 747 ta "Boeing" - mafi tsawo, da kuma Il-76 - mafi Multi-manufa.

ƙarshe

Il-76TD - wani farar hula jirgin saman daukar kaya, wanda ba kamar yadda da aka sani da Antonov zane, amma, duk da haka, godiya ga yiwuwar saukowa duka biyu a kan ƙasa, kuma a kan kankare tsiri ya ba kasa mai tartsatsi ne. Duk da fiye da wata daraja shekaru, wannan model ya yi aiki da kuma mai yiwuwa har yanzu .ba abu ga wani sabon, zamani, amma ba ya rasa m bayyanar da talakawa da kuma soja "truck".