Petroleum masana'antu a Rasha

Man - manyan makamashi da kayayyakin masarufi. Duk da haka, arzikin man fetur ba iyaka. Saboda haka, amfani da "black zinariya" a cikin wannan shugabanci da aka shirya don rage, akan ga sauran makamashi kafofin (hasken rana, makaman nukiliya). Amma rage amfani a sauran masana'antu ne ba tukuna zai yiwu.

A 1992, da Rasha, masana'antun man fetur ta dogara ne a cikin biyu mai arzikin man fetur yankuna. Yammacin Siberia bada game da 70% na raw kayan, wani ƙarin 20% aka kawota Volga-Ural yankin, da kuma sauran 5% da aka yarda Sakhalin, Kaliningrad yankin da kuma Arewacin Caucasus.

A masana'antun man fetur Rasha ci gaba a cikin Soviet zamanin, kazalika da dukan tattalin arziki, m. A farko rikicin zo a cikin 1977, a lokacin da girma na danyen man fetur a Yammacin Siberia ya rage da cika fuska. Wannan shi ne saboda rashin lafiya-dauke hali prospecting da bincike ayyukansu. Alal misali, a cikin shekaru 70 na Soviet zamanin tukuru don ƙara girma na samar hakowa, amma hakowa bincike daskarewa. Dakushewar mai tsawon kusan shekaru tara. Samotlor (ya fi girma) filin samar ya ragu da 20 ton miliyan, tsayin ragewa ta 10 ton miliyan a kowace shekara. A shekarar 1985, 16% na rago rijiyoyin. Quality hastily ya fadi na sukar rijiyoyin da aka matalauta. A farko rikicin na masana'antun man fetur a Rasha ya rinjaya a cikin "Soviet-style" - gina-up hakowa ...

A sabili da gaba rikicin ya gazawar da masana'antun man fetur don inganta yawan aiki. Matsalar da aka warware hankula Soviet "gaggawa" matakan: babbar ambaliya na aiki da kuma babban birnin kasar. Tun da 1986, da samar da ƙi ya daina, kuma a shekara ta 1988 Rasha masana'antun man fetur records rikodin na 570 ton miliyan.

Kuma sake - da koma bayan tattalin arziki. 1994 - samar da dama ta 44% a 1995 - mai sauki 22 000 rijiyoyin 140 000. tabarbarewar man tsari. Wannan rikicin samun wani mabiyi, bada Yunƙurin zuwa wani karuwa a makamashi farashin (duk da musamman low quality daga cikin samfurin). Haka kuma, da farashin fara tashi a kusan dukan kayayyakin, da kuma wannan bi da bi ya rage bukatar a kasuwannin cikin gida.

Rasha masana'antun man fetur bukatar structuring. A mataki na farko shi ne software (m ƙungiyoyi), ta shirya a kan umarnin da gwamnati a Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, Nefteyugansk, Urai. Kowane tare da dukan jobs a samu wuri a haɗe: da search for, da kuma bincike da samar da refining, da kuma sufuri, har ma da gyara aiki. A tsarin da software hada da cibiyoyin (bincike). A kankara da aka karya - irin wannan fuskanta da ya ba da sakamako mai kyau. Mun fara ƙirƙirar tsaye hadedde kamfanonin mai aiki a kan manufa "daga bincike don gas tashoshin", wani hali tsarin da ya hada, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, hakowa da kamfanoni da tallace-tallace kungiyoyi.

A prerogative na ma'aikatar, wanda ya zama Rosneftegas farko, sa'an nan na ma'aikatar makamashi, shi ne safarar man fetur da kuma ta kayayyakin, wanda nan da nan aka canjawa wuri Transnefteprodukt da Transneft. A masana'antun man fetur a Rasha ya bude wani sabon numfashi. Yana a halin yanzu ya hada da fiye da mutane miliyan.

Yau Rasha masana'antar mai da gas ne babban tushen monetary samun kudin shiga na jihar. Basic samun kudin shiga ba makamashi fitarwa a cikin tsohon Tarayyar jamhuriyoyin (CIS), da kuma a nan gaba (Austria, Jamus, Faransa, Italiya, Ireland, da Netherlands, Slovakia, Poland, Switzerland, UK). Export ne mai yiwuwa a kashe kawai bandwidth sufuri tsarin.

'Yanci ya kasance "numfashi" da ciki kasuwar tare da mun gwada low m farashin. Alal misali, Rasha fetur ya fi arha, fiye da waje analogues. Saboda man wadata tsarin da bukatun jihar, kamfanin sayar da wani adadin man ta hanyar da-gyarawa farashin.