T-mataimaki Kwayoyin, abin da yake da shi? Koyi abin da ake nufi mataimaki T Kwayoyin tashe ko saukar da

A jikin mutum ya hada da wani jam'i na gyara abin da suke a m dangantaka da juna. Babban hanyoyi kuwa sune: numfashi, narkewa kamar, zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, urogenital, endocrine da kuma juyayi tsarin. Domin kare kowanne daga wadannan aka gyara, akwai wani musamman defenses. Inji cewa kare mu daga cutarwa muhalli tsoma, shi ne rigakafi. Ya, kamar sauran tsarin na jiki, yana da wani dangane da tsakiya m tsarin da endocrine na'ura.

Da muhimmancin da rigakafi da tsarin a cikin jiki

Babban aiki na rigakafi - mai tsaro a kan kasashen waje abubuwa da shiga daga yanayi ko generated endogenously a lokacin pathological tafiyar matakai. Ya mataki ya daukawa fitar ta hanyar musamman jini Kwayoyin - lymphocytes. Lymphocytes ne farin jini Kwayoyin da iri ne ko da yaushe ba a cikin jikin mutum. Su karuwa nuna cewa tsarin ne fafitikar da wani waje wakili, da kuma rage - gazawar jiki ta defenses - rigakafi rashi. Wani aiki ne don fama neoplasms, wanda aka aiwatar da ƙari necrosis factor. Na rigakafi da tsarin qunshi wani jam'i na jikinsu, wanda bauta a matsayin wani shãmaki zuwa cutarwa dalilai. Wadannan sun hada da:

• fata;
• da thymus.
• baƙin ciki.
• Lymph nodes.
• ja bargo.
• jini.

Akwai 2 iri sunadaran cewa an inextricably nasaba. Salula rigakafi aikin iko da cutarwa barbashi da T-lymphocytes. Wadannan Tsarin, bi da bi, subdivided cikin T mataimaki Kwayoyin, T-haɗẽwar haushi da kuma T-kisa Kwayoyin.

Aiki salula rigakafi

Salula rigakafi aiki a matakin da karami Tsarin na jiki. Wannan kariya hada da wani yawan daban-daban lymphocytes, kowanne daga abin da ya aikata wani takamaiman aiki. Su duk Kwatsam daga fari da maikacin jini , da zauna da girma da su. Sunan T-lymphocytes shi ne saboda a game da wurin asalin - da thymus. A thymus gland shine yake farawa, don samar da wadannan rigakafi Tsarin ko a lokacin adam da amfrayo ci gaba, bambantawa na burinsu a cikin shimfiɗar jariri. A hankali, jiki daina aiki, kuma zuwa 15-18 shekaru kunshi kawai daga m nama. Thymus haifar kawai abubuwa na salon salula rigakafi - T Kwayoyin: mataimaki Kwayoyin, kisa Kwayoyin da haɗẽwar haushi.

Bayan lamba tare da wani waje wakili, da jiki activates ta tsaron gida tsarin, watau rigakafi. Farko na dukkan cutarwa factor fara yakar macrophages, su aiki ne zuwa sha antigen. Idan ba za su iya jimre da aiki, sa'an nan haɗi da gaba matakin na kariya - salula rigakafi. A farko don gane antigen to T-kisa - kisa na waje jamiái. Ayyukan da T-mataimaki Kwayoyin ne don taimaka tsarin na rigakafi. Su sarrafa rabo da kuma bambance dukkan Kwayoyin na jiki. Wani na aiki - da samuwar dangantakar biyu iri rigakafi, watau taimako B lymphocytes asirce antibodies, kunnawa da sauran Tsarin (monocytes, T-kisa Kwayoyin, mast Kwayoyin). T-kashewar ake bukata domin ya rage matsanancin aiki na da wasu mataimaka idan ya cancanta.

Iri T-mataimaki Kwayoyin

Dangane da aiki da T-mataimaki Kwayoyin suna kasu iri biyu: na farko da na biyu. A farko samarwa ne da za'ayi na ƙari necrosis factor (wajen magance neoplasms), gamma interferon (wajen magance kwayar jamiái), interleukin-2 (da hannu a kumburi halayen). Duk wadannan siffofin suna da nufin rushe na antigens a cikin sel.

Nau'i na biyu na T-mataimaki Kwayoyin bukatar don sadarwa tare da humoral rigakafi. Wadannan T Kwayoyin nuna interleukins 4, 5, 10, da 13, da samar da wannan dangantaka. Bugu da kari, T mataimaki irin 2 ne ke da alhakin samar da Ige, wanda aka haɗa kai tsaye tare da rashin lafiyan halayen da kwayoyin.

Karuwa kuma yana raguwa a T mataimaki kwayoyin

Akwai musamman dokoki na lymphocytes a cikin jiki, su yi karatu da aka kira immunogram. Duk wani sabawa, ko shi da aka inganta, ko rage cell aka dauke su mahaukaci, cewa an, wajen samar da kowane pathological jihar. Idan T mataimaki saukar da nufin jiki ta kare tsarin ba zai iya yin cikakken motsa jiki ta sakamako. Irin wannan jiha ne na rigakafi karanci lura a ciki da kuma lactation, bayan wani rashin lafiya, na kullum cututtuka. An dauke da zama na ƙarshe bayyanuwar HIV - cikakken rushewa daga cikin salon salula rigakafi. Idan T-mataimaki Kwayoyin ya karu, a cikin jiki akwai wani a kan-dauki zuwa antigens, watau su iko wuce daga al'ada tsari a cikin pathological dauki. Irin wannan yanayin faruwa a lokacin allergies.

Musayar na salon salula da kuma humoral rigakafi

Kamar yadda aka sani, na rigakafi da tsarin aikin ta m Properties a kan darajojine guda biyu. Daya daga cikin su ya aikata kawai a kan salula tsarin da yake a lamba tare da ƙwayoyin cuta, ko mahaukaci gene rearrangements kunna mataki na T-lymphocytes. Biyu Level - humoral tsari wanda aka za'ayi da fallasa da dukan jiki via immunoglobulins. Wadannan kariya tsarin a wasu lokuta iya aiki dabam daga juna, amma mafi sau da yawa da suka hul] a da juna. Mu salon salula da kuma humoral rigakafi ne da za'ayi T-mataimaki Kwayoyin, cewa shi ne, "da wasu mataimaka". Wannan yawan T-Kwayoyin samar da takamaiman interleukins, wadannan sun hada da: il-4, 5, 10, 13. Ba tare da wadannan sifofi da ci gaba da kuma aiki na humoral kariya ba zai yiwu ba.

The darajar T-mataimaki Kwayoyin a tsarin na rigakafi

Saboda a saki interleukin rigakafi da tsarin tasowa da kuma kare mu daga cutarwa da tasirinsa. Ƙari necrosis factor hana ciwon daji matakai, wanda shi ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci ayyuka na jiki. Duk wannan yana da za'ayi T-mataimaki Kwayoyin. Duk da cewa sun yi aiki a kaikaice (ta hanyar wasu kwayoyin jikinsu), su muhimmanci a tsarin na rigakafi da muhimmanci sosai, kamar yadda suka taimaka a cikin kungiyar na m kaddarorin da kwayoyin.