Symbolist kasida da aikinsu

Symbolism - a wallafe-wallafen motsi da cewa ya samo asali a cikin marigayi 19th karni a Faransa da kuma rarraba a da yawa kasashen Turai. Duk da haka, shi ne a Rasha symbolism ya zama mafi muhimmanci da kuma manyan-sikelin sabon abu. Rasha Symbolist kasida gabatar a wannan yanki shi ne wani sabon abu, wani abu da ya ba a cikin su Faransa magabata. Lokaci guda tare da bayyanar symbolism fara Azurfa Age na Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Amma dole ne in ce cewa a Rasha babu guda makaranta na modernist Trend, babu hadin kai na Concepts, daya style. Creativity Symbolist Poets abu daya a cikin kowa: shakka daga talakawa kalmomi, da sha'awar bayyana ta alamomin da allegories.

gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu symbolism

Yana da wani wallafe-wallafen yunkuri na akida matsayi da kuma lokacin samuwar ta kasu biyu, saukarwa. Bayyana a cikin 1890s Symbolist kasida, cikin jerin wanda ya hada da irin wannan adadi a matsayin Balmont, Gippius, Bryusov, Sologub, Merezhkovsky, ake magana a kai a matsayin "babban jami'in". A farkon 1900s, da shugabanci mai cike da sabon sojojin, muhimmanci canza ta bayyanar. Halarta a karon "junior" Symbolist kasida kamar Ivanov, Blok, Bely. Na biyu kalaman na kwarara ne ake kira mladosimvolizmom.

Wakilai daga cikin "mazan" makaranta dauki shi a wallafe-wallafen motsi a cikin ado sharuddan. Balmont da Bruce bayyana tunani na cewa da mawãƙi - shi ne da farko a mahaliccin zalla m da kuma zalla sirri dabi'u. "Matasa" kasida gani a cikin addini da kuma falsafa al'amari. Falsafa, refracted a poetic sani - cewa shi ne, a cikin ra'ayi, da symbolism. Poety Symbolist biyu ƙarni ma wakilta Sergeem Solovevym, Innokentiem Annenskim da sauransu.

"Babban" Symbolists

A Rasha shi ne a wallafe-wallafen motsi sanar da kanta a cikin marigayi 1890s. A Moscow, a asalin symbolism ya Valeriy Bryusov, kuma a St. Petersburg - Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Duk da haka, mafi daukan hankali da kuma m wakilin farkon makaranta symbolism a cikin birni a kan Neva ya Alexander Dobrolyubov. Can wuri mai nĩsa, kuma baya daga duk modernist kungiyoyin halitta ya poetic duniya ne wani Rasha symbolist mawãƙi - Fedor Sologub.

Amma watakila mafi zaa iya karanta, m kuma sonorous a lokacin sun waqe na Konstantin Balmont. A karshen karni na 19th, shi ne a fili ya bayyana cewa, "search for wasikun" tsakanin ma'anar, launi da kuma sauti. Similar ra'ayoyi sun hadu Rimbaud da Baudelaire, kuma daga baya a da yawa Rasha kasida, kamar Block, Bruce Khlebnikov, Kuzmin. Balmont wannan search wasikun gani yafi a cikin halittar sauti-ma'ana rubutu - music, haihuwar da ma'anar. Mawãƙi zvukopisi kwashe, ya fara amfani da ayyukan m manufofi maimakon fi'ilai, sakamakon a samar, kamar yadda ya yi da detractors, kusan bã tãre da ma'anar wakoki. Duk da haka, wannan sabon abu a cikin shayari jagoranci ƙarshe zuwa ga samuwar sabuwar poetic Concepts, tsakanin wanda melodeclamation, maganar banza, zvukopis.

"Matasa" Symbolist kasida

The biyu ƙarni na Symbolist kasida da lãbãri, da farko ta fara wallafa a cikin 1900s. Daga cikin su kasance biyu sosai matasa mawallafa, kamar Andrey Bely, Sergei Solovyov, Alexander Blok kuma nagari mutane, misali, masanin kimiyya Vyacheslav Ivanov, darektan daga cikin dakin motsa jiki Innokentiy Annensky.

A St. Petersburg, a lokacin da "cibiyar" na symbolism ya lebur Ivanov a kusurwar titi Tauris, inda a lokaci daya rayu M. Kuzmin, A. White, A. Mintslova, V. Khlebnikov, akwai Berdyaev, Anna Akhmatova, Blok, Lunacharsky. A Moscow Symbolist kasida taru a cikin Editorial jirgin na wallafe-wallafe da gidan "Kunama", shugaban edita na wanda ya Bryusov. Ga shirya bugu daga cikin shahararrun symbolist edition - "Balance". Ma'aikata na "kunamai" sun mawallafa kamar K. Balmont, A. White, J. Baltrušaitis, A. Remizov, F. Sologub, Blok, M. Voloshin da sauransu.

Musamman farkon symbolism

A Rasha, karshen 19th da kuma farkon karni na 20th. Yana wani lokaci na canji, takaici ciki bata bayan shiriya da rãtaye. A wannan lokacin, ba wanda zai iya fili ji m na mutuwa-data kasance zamantakewa da siyasa domin. Wadannan aukuwa ba amma tasiri da Rasha shayari. Poems symbolist kasida da aka gauraye a matsayin kasida da aka gudanar ta husũma views. Alal misali, mawallafa kamar D. Merezhkovsky kuma N. Minsky, a farko sun wakilan jama'a shayari, kuma daga baya suka fara mayar da hankali a kan ra'ayin wani "addini al'umma" da kuma "Allah-ginin". "Babban" Symbolists ba a gane gaskiya daga cikin kewaye duniya da ya ce "babu." Saboda haka, Bruce ya rubuta: "Ba na ganin mu gaskiya, ba na san na wannan karni ..." The farkon wakilan halin yanzu gaskiya contrasted duniya na kerawa da mafarkai, a cikin abin da mutum ya zama gaba daya free, amma gaskiyar da suka zāna maras ban sha'awa, mugunta, kuma m.

Na bayar da muhimmanci ga kasida da m bidi'a - tana mayar da ma'anonin kalmomin, Daddy ci gaba, launi, da kuma kama. "Babban" Symbolists kasance Impressionists, jihãdi a kai dabara nuances na kwaikwayo, moods. Ba su yi amfani da wani tsarin da alamomin, amma da kalmar kamar yadda irin wannan ya rasa ta kudin da ya zama muhimmi ne kawai a sauti quality, m bayanin kula, mahada a cikin sauran gine-gine na waka.

sabon yayi

A 1901-1904 gg. fara wani sabon zamani a tarihin symbolism, kuma shi ya zo daidai da juyin juya halin Musulunci upsurge a Rasha. mummunan zato yi wahayi zuwa a cikin 1890s ya hanya zuwa hango "unprecedented canje-canje". A wannan lokaci, a kan wallafe-wallafen scene bayyana mladosimvolisty suke mabiya mawãƙi Vladimir Solovyov, wanda ya ga tsohon duniya to gãɓar rãmi na mutuwa, kuma ya bayyana cewa, "ceton duniya" dole ne allahntaka kyakkyawa ta haɗa farkon rayuwa ta sama daga cikin abu, a duniya. A cikin ayyukan da Symbolist kasida fara bayyana akai-akai views, amma ba kamar yadda irin wannan, amma a matsayin hanyar zuwa gane da yanayi. Saboda haka, a cikin ayoyi kullum gana da bayanin painfully bakin ciki-Russian kaka, sa'ad da rana ba ya haskaka ko jefa su cikin ƙasa kawai da bakin ciki kodadde haskoki fada da taushi rustling ganye, da kuma duk abin da aka tana tattare a cikin hazo rippling.

Shi ne kuma mai fi so motif na "ƙaramin" symbolists wani birni. Suka nuna masa yadda rayayyen taliki tare da kansa hali, tare da form. Sau da yawa kuma ya bayyana a matsayin birni a matsayin wani wuri na tsoro, hauka, mataimakin alama kuma callousness.

Symbolists da kuma juyin juya halin

A 1905-1907, a lokacin da fara juyin juya halin, da symbolism an canza sake. Mutane da yawa kasida sun amsa wa waɗanda events. Saboda haka, Bruce rubuta sanannen waka "Akuma Huns", wanda tabbata karshen tsohuwar duniya, amma lasafta shi, kuma kaina, da dukan mutanen da suke zaune a lokacin da mutuwa, da haihuwa al'ada. Unit a cikin aikin don ƙirƙirar images of sabon duniya na mutane. A 1906 Sologub wallafa wani littafin "Mahaifa, mahaifiyata" wakoki, da kuma a 1907 Balmont rubuta jerin kasidu, "Songs na azabar ramuwa" - tarin aka buga a birnin Paris da aka dakatar a Rasha.

Dakushewar symbolism

A wannan lokaci shi canja da m fahimtar duniya na Symbolists. Idan suka gane kyakkyawa kamar yadda jituwa, amma yanzu ga su ta samu dangane da jama'a abubuwa, tare da hargitsi na fama. A karshen na farko shekaru goma na karni na 20th, da symbolism ya a ƙi, kuma ba bada sabon sunayen. Duk mai yiwuwa, ƙwazo, matasa sun riga fita daga gare ta, ko da yake wasu guda har yanzu halitta a Symbolist kasida.

Jerin manyan kasida, wakiltar symbolism a wallafe-wallafen

• Innokentiy Annensky.
• Jurgis Baltrušaitis .
• Valeriy Bryusov.
• Zinaida Gippius.
• Fedor Sologub.
• Konstantin Balmont.
• Alexander Tinyakov.
• Wilhelm Zorgenfrey.
• Alexander Dobrolyubov.
• Viktor Strazhev.
• Yanina Bely.
• Konstantin Fofanov.
• Vyacheslav Ivanov.
• Alexander Blok.
• Georgy Chulkov.
• Dmitry Merezhkovsky.
• Ivan Konevskaya.
• Vladimir Piast.
• Poliksena Soloveva.
• Ivan Rukavishnikov.