Burlak - bawa ko wani kwararren ma'aikacin

The kalmar "haulers" a zamani Russia synonymous tare da rundunar 'bearded da tikis maza a tattered tufafi wanda zurfi a cikin kokarin ja da madaurin da baji, located wani wuri a bango na Ilya Repin ta zanen "baji Haulers a kan Volga". A lokaci guda dole ne su an ɗõra musu "Oh, Dubinushka, Uhnem!". Yana da lokaci don gano more daki-daki hauler - bawa ko ma'aikaci na wani kwararren?

Tarihi na aukuwa burlachestva

Zama "hauler" wanzu a Rasha a lokacin daga 16th ga 19th karni. Its bayyanar shi ne saboda kogin kewayawa fasali, wato hujjar cewa da bambanci zuwa teku kowane kogi ne mai gudãna. Saboda haka, idan sailing jirgin ya zuwa iyo da na yanzu na kogin, to, shi ya zama wasu hanya zuwa ja.

A mafi wani zaɓi ya yi amfani da matsayin daftarin karfi watagami burlaks cewa harnessed a ja igiya da kuma ja a kan jirgin ruwa "high ruwa". Za mu iya cewa a tsarist Rasha da ta serfdom burlachestvo ya cikkaken ga tattalin arziki. Burlak - shi ne aiki tukuru, ga abin da samu kudi ne ba komai.

bukatar boatmen

Musamman Burlatskii Artel zama mai farin jini daga 18th karni, a lokacin da tartsatsi da ake kira Haushi - yarwa katako floatable tasoshin dauke da har zuwa 480 ton da mai tsawon kusan 50 mita.

A amfani da Burlatsky aiki a hankali ya fara bari bayan wani tururi gogayya sabuwar dabara. Kawai a takaice lokaci yayin da motsi kogin kai cirewa aiki na boatmen na kogin da aka canza kamar haka: gaci shigo anchored gaba a cikin shugabanci na motsi na jirgin ruwa a nesa, bayan da jirgin jan up tare da wani winch. Tarihi boatmen fara a cikin 16th karni. Saboda haka, a lokacin da wanzuwar sana'a kashe da yawa da karfi maza.

Special ƙuduri na Soviet gwamnatin dakatar da amfani da boatmen a 1929 zuwa ja da kogin jiragen. Tuna Burlatskii kõma a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, a lokacin da sa samun abinci ji bukatar tugs.

Features Burlatskii sana'a

The kawai mataimakin na kogin rundunar ma'aikatan suna da wani m iska, wanda ya busa jirgin filafili tãyar da su. Yawancin lokaci da haushi, wanda shi ne a kan halin yanzu ja Burlatskii ƙungiya, wata rana shawo game da 12 kilomita.

Af, "Oh, Dubinushka ..." - wannan ba kawai a song a cikin al'ada ma'ana. A gaskiya, a cikin irin wannan hanya a matsayin haulers zuwa tsara su sojojin, a lokacin da haushi an tashe shi daga kasa na anga da jirgin ruwan matuƙar hadin gwiwa. A wannan lokaci, sun yi aiki tuƙuru. Ma'anar kalmar "hauler" ne mai sauki - wani mutum aiki a cikin gona, wanda jan kotu.

Ba wai kawai shi ne aikin da mutane a cikin wannan sana'a monotonous, kuma ma sosai m. A ƙayyadaddu na shi ne cewa ta na da wani yanayi hali: daga spring to kaka, watau kewayawa lokaci. Duk da haka, ba duk haulers hunturu loafing. Na zo ne daga wani baƙauye bango koma zuwa ga gida kauyuka. Daga cikin kwararru, ko " 'yan asalin" boatmen fadin wuccin ma'aikata wadanda aka ɗauka kawai daya jirgin.

A kudi na wani a bayansa da Burlatskii Artel

Burlacu zama ba daga mai kyau rai. Sun kasance mafi yawa manoma da sosai low albashi. Wani bincike Posad akwai wakilai daga matalauci da ƙananan aji na 'yan kasa, ciki har da undocumented kuma tsere wa iyayengijinsu. A general, gona a bayansa da taro na yawan da zai iya ba yi kanta a wani hanya. Mu biya domin da wuya aikin a hanyoyi daban-daban, wani lokacin hayar kawai don ciyar. Burlak - ne ba da wani bawa, amma aikin for wani burodi daidaita wannan m aiki zuwa bauta.

Kafin 1861 shi aka hukumance soke serfdom a Rasha Empire, gidan haya sau da yawa ya wuce a haulers wadanda serfs wanda ya basusuka. Burlak - wani tsohon sana'a, wanda wani lokacin ba wata azãba.

Bikin Mardi Gras, kore ta talauci a maza garzaya "Burlatskii" kasuwanni, inda aka rubuta a cikin gona. The most abu a cikin wannan mai karɓar aka dauke Puchezh birni a kan Volga River (yanzu da Ivanovo yankin). "Kasuwanni" karami sikelin kasance a Nizhny Novgorod, Kineshma, Kostroma, Saratov, Samara, kuma da dama wasu manyan birane. A kan bankunan na Kama River, wanda a yammacin Urals, wadanda maki sun birnin Perm, Layish da Chistopol. Saboda haka abin da ake kira babban birnin kasar burlaks ya a Rybinsk (Iaroslavskaia yankin) inda har ma da Monument Burlaku shigar.