Soviet circus: shafuffukan tarihi

Mafi yawa daga waɗanda aka haifa a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, da babu shakka cewa Soviet circus - mafi kyau a duniya. Yana da mu mafi kyau illusionists "Magic," Clowns - funny, da kuma dabbobi masu horon da acrobats - da jarumi da kuma m. Trekking da circus mai girma hutu duka biyu manya da yara m. Amma Soviet circus bai zo daga babu inda. Game da yadda za a ci gaba da Soviet circus, mun rufe a cikin wannan labarin.

A tarihin Rasha circus art

Ko a lokacin sau da Kievan Rus a kasar mu da shi da aka dage farawa na farko da "tsaba" na circus zane-zane, kamar yadda evidenced da frescoes a Kiev St. Sophia Cathedral, dating baya zuwa 1070-1075 da shekaru. Su dace da gasar dawakai, da ya yi yãki, tightrope kekunan da sandunan. A waɗannan kwanaki irin adepts kamar yadda itinerant acrobats kuma Yanã shiryar da na beyar, Clowns da jugglers yi a birnin murabba'ai, bikin da kuma na kasa holidays, abin mamaki da kuma fun mutane. The flourishing kasuwanci a Rasha sun buffoons XV-XVI karni.

Godiya ga kokarin Bitrus I a cikin XVIII karni a cikin babban birnin kasar da kuma manyan birane fara ulla da zamantakewa da rayuwa , ya fara bayyana Turai touring circus, wanda da gudummawar da m cin gaban circus arts.

A heyday na Rasha circus aka dauke XIX karni. Sai a wannan lokaci ya wuce da yawa Balagan adalci wakilci tare da sa hannu na 'yan wasa da kuma gymnasts, jugglers da acrobats, dancer da masihirta, kazalika da artists wasu nau'o'i. Tare da wasanni a fairground bukkoki m aiki ya fara da Nikitin Durov 'yan'uwa, kazalika da yawa wasu. An muhimmanci milestone a cikin ci gaban da Rasha circus ya gano na farko da dutse gine-gine: a St. Petersburg a kan embankment, a 1877-m, a cikin Moscow, a kan masu launin babban titi a 1880.

Fitowan na Soviet circus

Bayan abubuwan da suka faru na Oktoba 1917 a can sun kasance gagarumin canje-canje a cikin rayuwar da tarihi na Rasha circus art. A Bolsheviks, gudanar da al'adu juyin juya halin bayar jihar support circus da kuma sanya shi mai iko akida kayan aiki da wanda yana da wani tasiri a kan talakawa. An muhimmanci da tasiri a kan ci gaban da Soviet circus yana umartar "A cikin daidaituwa na Theatrical kasuwanci", sa hannu a watan Agusta 1919, Ulyanov-Lenin. A cewar wannan takarda, duk circus da Theatrical dukiya batun nationalization. Duk da haka, ci gaba ne wajen jinkirin, da kuma ta 1922 da m circus kunshi kawai biyu Jihar Moscow. Sa'an nan, quite da sauri, a kawai shekaru uku, a kara 15 circuses a daban-daban garuruwa na Soviet gwamnati ta fara. A farko da aka bude a Nizhny Novgorod Fair Soviet circus alfarwa. Sa'an nan kuma aka nationalized, restructured da kuma fara ba shows da kuma wasanni a Birnin Leningrad, Tver, Rostov-on-Don, Orel, Kiev, Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Kazan, Tula. Mafi yawa daga cikin dakunan da aka ƙaddamar da waje kamar nasu m Shots rasa, da kuma matakin horo ne matalauci. Don magance matsalar a 1926, circus art darussa da aka shirya, wanda baya zama Technical School, inda ya sanar da na farko artists na Soviet circus.

zama

A cikin marigayi 1920s - farkon 1930s a kan na gida circus fagage da dama da sabon dakuna, shirya shan la'akari da sauya akida da kuma duniya view of kallo. Bayan da saki a 1936 da fim a kan yin zane-zane a cikin Soviet circus ya zo da wani ƙarni wahayi zuwa da yunwa domin daraja da matasa artists. Shi ne a wannan lokacin ya zo na farko ganiya da shahararsa na babban wawa Karandash (MN Rumyantsev), akwai manyan lambobin trapeze artists Valentino da Mihaila Volginyh, Tsaba wasan burge tare da fasaha kekunan yan'uwa Svirina da Pavel Tarasov. Za mu iya amince ce cewa a cikin thirties da forties na XX karni Soviet circus ya ɓullo da kansa musamman da kuma sauƙi recognizable style.

The yaki da kuma post-yaki shekaru

Circus fagen fama ya kawo a cikin artists da wani salo irin wannan halaye kamar halin iya jurewa da kuma jimiri, ƙarfin hali kuma dagewa a cimma nasarar. Dukan su nuna a wuya wartime yanayi. Marshal Chernyakhovsky ba yo bayyana circus artists kamar yadda mutane da karfe hali.

Soviet circus a lokacin Great Patriotic War, sha wahala mai girma lalacewar. A sakamakon harin bom, da yawa gine-gine da aka lalata, amma ko da a cikin mafi wuya shekaru na yaki, da Soviet gwamnatin dauki matakan tallafawa circus arts.
Zama matukan jirgin, paratroopers, sappers, Gunners master na fagen fama. A rana ta biyu na yaki band na mahayansu, jagorancin M. Tuganova, tare da dawakai, ya shiga sojan doki Corps Dovatora. Sauran artists ci gaba wasanni tare da m teams, ba wani shagali a gaban line kuma a asibiti mazabun unguwanni, a Railway tashoshin da soja. Popular kasance kamar sojoji da ma'aikata satirical lambobin da cewa ya nuna Soviet circus wawa Mihail Nikolaevich Rumyantsev (fensir), Boris Vyatkin, Konstantin Berman.

Mutane da yawa daga cikin artists sun mutu a gaban, da kuma wadanda suka tsira a cikin post-yaki shekaru, tare da matasa da ma'aikatan suka fara mayar da ci gaba da circus arts, baya gane mafi kyau a duniya.