Soja daraja na SS. Ranks na Wehrmacht da SS

SS - daya daga cikin mafi daurin boye da tsoratarwa kungiyoyin na XX karni. Har yanzu, shi ne wata alama ce duk da kisan-kiyashi da Nazi tsarin mulki a Jamus. A lokaci guda, da sabon abu na SS da camfin cewa tafi da membobinta, shi ne mai ban sha'awa batu domin binciken. Wasu masu tarihi har yanzu samu a archives na Jamus takardun na wadannan "katange" na Nazis.

Yanzu za mu yi kokarin fahimtar yanayi. SS insignia da lakabi na yau zai kasance babban batu a gare mu.

Tarihi na halitta

Domin da farko lokacin da SS Raguwa ga zaman kansa kwantar da tarzoma tsaro raka'a Hitler aka yi amfani a shekara ta 1925.

The shugaban na Nazi jam'iyyar ya kewaye kansa da masu gadi kafin Biyer Hall Putsch. Duk da haka, da ominous kuma takamaiman ma'anar shi tsiwirwirinsu kawai bayan an sake dauka domin a saki daga kurkuku na Hitler. Sai SS darajõji kasance har yanzu sosai rowa - akwai zama wani rukuni na goma mutane wanda ya jagoranci Fuehrer.

Babban burin wannan shiri ne don kare 'yan National Socialist Party. Soja mukamansu SS kuma ya bayyana da yawa daga baya, lokacin da kafa vaffen-mofi. Waɗannan su ne daidai wadanda sassa na kungiyar cewa mu tuna mafi fili, kamar yadda suka yi yaƙi a gaban, a tsakanin talakawa Wehrmacht sojoji, ko da yawa tsaya fita daga gare su. Kafin cewa SS wani kwantar da tarzoma da yake, amma "ƙungiyoyin" kungiyoyi.

Formation da kuma aiki

Kamar yadda riga aka ambata a sama, asalin SS - dai kawai wani sirri matsaransa na Fuhrer da kuma wasu sauran manyan jam'iyyar members. A hankali, duk da haka, kungiyar ta fara fadada, kuma da farko kararrawa, gaba ta nan gaba ikon, shi ne gabatarwar musamman SS-sahu. Muna magana ne game da wani post-Reichsführer, sa'an nan Chief of a Fuehrer.

Na biyu muhimmanci batu a kiwon kungiyar ya yi izni ga sintiri kan tituna a kan wani par tare da 'yan sanda. Wannan ya sa 'yan SS ba kawai tsaro masu gadi. Kungiyar ta samo asali a cikin wani cikakken sabis monitoring hanya.

Duk da haka, a lokacin da soja daraja na SS da kuma Wehrmacht har yanzu dauke daidai. Babban taron a ci gaba na kungiyar iya kira, ba shakka, da isowa daga cikin post-Reichsführer Genriha Gimmlera. Shi ne ya yi, kasancewa a layi daya ga post na shugaban na SA, bayar da umarni da cewa bai yarda kowa daga soja ba da umarni ga 'yan SS.

A wannan lokacin, sojojin Jamus da wannan shawarar, ba shakka, an sanya a makamai. Dukan more haka tare da shi nan da nan ya zartas da dokar da ake bukata ba duk da mafi kyau sojoji a zubar da SS. A gaskiya, Hitler da muƙarrabai provernuli m zamba.

Lalle ne, a cikin warrior aji da yawan magoya bayan da National Socialist aiki motsi ya kasance kadan, kuma domin da shugaban jam'iyyar ya kwaci mulki, gane da barazanar da sojojin. Suna bukatar wani karfi imani da cewa akwai mutanen da suke daukar makamai a kan umarni na Fuhrer kuma suna shirye su mutu, da yin ayyuka sanya musu. Saboda haka Himmler zahiri halitta mai zaman kansa sojojin na Nazis.

Babban manufar sabon sojojin

Wadannan mutane za'ayi da datti da kuma low, daga mahangar dabi'un aiki. Karkashin nauyin su kasance cikin natsuwa sansanonin, da kuma a lokacin yaki membobin wannan kungiya zama babban mahalarta punitive kai samame. SS-sahu adadi a kowane laifi jajirce da Nazis.

A karshe nasara a kan wilaya ta SS Wehrmacht ya fitowan na SS dakarun - daga baya da soja Elite na uku Reich. Babu janar ba da dama ga subjugate mambobi ko a magangara mafi ƙasƙanci rung na kungiya tsani "tsaro naúrar" ko da yake ga daraja, a Wehrmacht da SS sun kama.

selection

Don samun zuwa jam'iyyar kungiyar na SS, ya wajaba don shige da dama da bukatun da sigogi. Da farko, da SS-maza samu title tare da cikakken Aryan bayyanar. Su shekaru a lokacin shigarwa a cikin kungiyar ya zama 20-25 shekaru. Suna da zuwa da " 'yancin" tsarin da kwanyar da kuma cikakken lafiya farin hakora. Mafi sau da yawa, shigarwa a cikin SS zo ga ƙarshe "sabis" a cikin Hitler Matasa.

Kabilanci ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci selection sigogi, kamar yadda mutanen da suke da 'yan Nazi kungiyar, ya zama nan gaba Elite na Jamus jama'a, "daidaita tsakanin unequals." A fili yake cewa mafi muhimmanci rarrabẽwa ya iyaka addini a cikin Fuhrer da akida na National gurguzanci.

Duk da haka, wannan akida dade ba, ko kuma wajen, kusan gaba daya rushewarta tare da zuwan da Waffen-SS. A lokacin yakin duniya na II, Hitler ta zaman sojojin da Himmler fara karba duk waɗanda ke nufin vykazhet da kuma tabbatar da aminci. Hakika, da girma na kungiyar ƙoƙarin ajiye, assigning sabuwar Yarjejeniyar 'yan kasashen waje kawai daraja na SS sojoji da kuma shan su zuwa ga babban cell. Bayan hidima a cikin sojojin kamar mutum ya samu Jamus dan kasa.

A general, "katange Aryans" a lokacin yaki sosai da sauri "gudu daga", da aka kashe a fagen fama da kuma dauka fursuna. Kawai na farko hudu ƙungiyoyin da aka cikakken "sanye take da" tsabta tseren, cikinsu, ta hanyar, kuma akwai almara "Matattu Head". Duk da haka, 5th ( "Viking") ya ba da damar samun muƙamin na SS 'yan kasashen waje.

division

A mafi shahara da daurin boye ne, ba shakka, da 3rd Panzer Division "Totenkopf". Mutane da yawa sau da shi ne gaba ɗaya bace, ana halaka. Duk da haka, kuma da sake farfaɗo. Duk da haka, da rabo da aka ba da aka sani saboda wannan, kuma ba domin wata nasara ayyukan soji. "Mutuwa ta Head" - shi ne na farko na duk wani m adadin jini a hannun soja. Shi ne a cikin wannan rabo ne da mafi yawan laifuka da farar hula, yawan da kuma da fursunonin yaki. Ranks da kuma daraja, a SS a lokacin da kotun bai taka wata rawa, tun da kusan kowane memba na naúra ya iya "Excel."

Na biyu ya zama almara Division "Viking", ya] auki ta Nazi wording "na zumunta ta jini da ruhu na mutane." Sun hada da masu sa kai daga Scandinavian kasashen, ko da yake su da lambar da aka je daji. Yafi SS-sahu har yanzu sa kawai Jamusawa. Duk da haka, da m da aka kafa, a matsayin "Viking" shi ne na farko division, inda 'yan kasashen waje da aka dauka. Na dogon lokaci da suka kasance sunã yãƙi a cikin kudu na Tarayyar Soviet, da babban wuri na "feats" ya Ukraine.

"Galicia" da "Ron"

A wuri na musamman a tarihin SS division da kuma daukan "Galicia". Wannan naúrar aka halitta da masu sa kai daga yammacin Ukraine. Sabubban mutane na Galicia, wanda ya karbi sunan wannan German SS, sun sauki - da Bolsheviks zo zuwa ga ƙasar kawai 'yan shekaru da suka wuce, kuma ya murkushe wani babba yawan mutane. A wannan rabo shi ba haka ba abu mai yawa daga wani akida dangantaka tare da Nazis, amma saboda na yaki tare da 'yan gurguzun, wanda da yawa zapadnoukraintsy gane da wannan hanyar a matsayin' yan kasa da Tarayyar Soviet - .. A Jamus invaders, watau, a matsayin executioners da kuma kisankai. Mutane da yawa su akwai daga fansa. A takaice, da Jamus da aka kyan gani, kamar yadda kahon daga Bolshevik karkiya.

Da irin wannan ra'ayi ya hankula ba kawai ga mazauna Yammacin Ukraine. 29th Division "RONA" ya daraja da kuma insignia SS Russia, wanda ya rigaya kokarin samun 'yancin kai daga' yan gurguzun. Suka samu a wurin don wannan dalili da cewa Ukrainians - mai ƙishirwa domin fansa da 'yancin kai. Ga mutane da yawa shiga cikin sahu na SS da jũna a real ceto bayan wani karye 30-mi shekaru na Stalin ta rayuwa.

A karshen yaki, Hitler da kawayenta sun riga a cikin matsananci, kawai don ci gaba da mutane a filin wasa na yaƙi-da alaka SS. The sojojin fara samun kawai boys. A karin misali na wannan - da rabo "Hitler Matasa."

Bugu da kari, a kan takarda, akwai mutane da yawa da ba su tsayar da wani mahaluži, irin su daya da cewa ya kamata ya zama wani Musulmi (!). A cikin sahu na SS wani lokacin samu ko da baki. Wannan ne evidenced da haihuwa hotuna.

Hakika, sa'ad da ta zo ga wannan, duk elitism ya bace, da kuma SS zama kamfanin karkashin jagorancin Nazi Elite. A sa na "ba manufa" maza kawai ya nuna cewa yadda matsananciyar zauna Hitler da Himmler a karshen yaki.

Reichsfhrer

Mafi shahara shi ne shugaban da SS, ba shakka, Genrih Gimmler. Shi ya sanya kariya ta Fuhrer ta "zaman sojojin" da kuma ya rike mukamin shugaban ta mafi tsawo. Wannan adadi shi ne a yanzu sun fi mayar da yanci: fili ce inda ta ƙare almarar, da kuma inda facts daga biography na wani Nazi laifi, ba zai iya fara.

Godiya ga ikon SS Himmler karshe ƙarfafa. Kungiyar ta zama ta dindindin na Uku Reich. SS-sahu sawa da su, a zahiri sanya shi shugaban dukan sirri Hitler sojojin. Dole ne in ce, wa ofishin Henry kusanta sosai responsibly - kaina binciki sansanin, don gudanar da wani cak a cikin kashi kashi, ya halarci da ci gaban soja tsare-tsaren.

Himmler gaske mai Nazi akida da tunani da kuma sabis na SS ya real sadaukarwa. Babban manufar rayuwa ga shi shi ne wargajewa da Yahudawa da mutane. Zai yiwu zuriyar wadanda ke fama da Holocaust da kuma bukatar la'ane shi fiye da Hitler.

Saboda da yadawa fiasco da kara paranoia na Hitler, Himmler aka tuhuma da laifin cin amanar kasa. A Fuhrer ya tabbata cewa Mataimakinsa shiga wata yarjejeniya da abokan gaba su ceci ransa. Himmler rasa duk high matsayi da sunayen sarauta, da kuma wurin da aka dauki wani sananne jam'iyyar fafutuka Karl Hanke. Duk da haka, domin SS, bã ya da wani lokacin da za a yi wani abu kamar yadda banal iya ba kai ofishin Reichsführer.

tsarin

SS sojoji, kamar wani kwantar da tarzoma samuwar, ya tsananin tarbiyya da kuma da tsari sosai.

The mafi ƙasƙanci darajar a cikin wannan tsari ne da rabuwa da ball-mofi kunshi takwas. Uku irin wannan soja raka'a kafa troupes SS - by mu nagartacce wannan mutanena su ka.

A da Nazis da takwaransa kamfanin Sturm-SS, kunsha na game da wani ɗari mutane. Ya umarce su Untersturmführer, wanda suna ne na farko da kuma ƙarami a cikin jami'an. Daga cikin wadannan sau uku-raka'a kafa shturmbann SS, da shugaban wanda ya zama Sturmbannfuhrer (Major take a SS).

Kuma a karshe, shtandar SS - da mafi administrative-yankin Kungiya Unit, wani analogue na rajimanti.

Kamar yadda ka gani, da Jamus basu da harkokin da dabaran yi tsawo a sami asali tsarin mafita ga su sabon sojojin. Suna kawai tsince analogues na al'ada sojoji, ba su da wani musamman, Yi hakuri, "Nazi dandano." A wannan halin da ake ciki ya kasance da sunayen sarauta.

suna

Soja darajõji daga cikin Waffen SS sun kusan kama da wadanda darajõji daga cikin Wehrmacht.

Ƙarami duka shi da sojan da yake kira Schutze. Sama da shi ya tsaya cikin analogue kofur - sturmmann. Saboda haka rank ya tashi zuwa Untersturmführer jami'in (Lieutenant), ci gaba da za a modified da sauki sojojin mukamansu. Sai suka tafi a cikin wannan tsari: rottenführer, Scharfuhrer, Oberscharführer, Hauptscharfiihrer da sturmscharführer.

Bayan da ta fara aiki sostav.Vysshimi jami'in darajõji sun Janar (obergruppefyurer) na sojin kasar, da kuma Kanar-Janar, waɗanda suke ɗauke da sunan oberstgruppefyurer.

Dukansu suna da zama ƙarƙashin kwamandan a manyan da kuma shugaban na SS - Reichsführer. A tsarin da SS mukamansu ba burge, sai dai cewa pronunciation. Duk da haka, wannan tsarin da aka gina Azancin da kuma a cikin rundunar sojojin m, musamman idan ka saka a cikin suna kai da tsarin da SS - sa'an nan kome zama kullum quite sauki fahimta da kuma tuna.

Insignia

Darajõji da kuma daraja, a SS ne ban sha'awa ga karatu da misali daga kafada madauri, kuma insignia. Suna halin a sosai mai salo ilmi na Jamus da kuma lalle ne, haƙĩƙa nuna a kansa dukan abin da suka yi tunani game da nasarorin da suka samu da kuma manufa Jamusawa. Babban batu shine mutuwa da kuma zamanin da Aryan alamomin. Kuma idan suna a cikin Wehrmacht da SS ba su sãɓã ba, wannan ba za a iya ce da kafada madauri, kuma ratsi. Saboda haka, abin da ke bambanci?

Hanya madauri sun soja kurum marar bã kõme ba ne na musamman - cikin saba baki stripe. Iyakar abin da bambanci - ratsi. Junior yan sanda sun tafi da nisa, duk da haka, da baki kafada madauri okantovyvayut tsiri, da launi na ke rayuwa a kan daraja. An fara tare da Oberscharführer, a kan kafada madauri fitowar taurari - sun kasance babbar a diamita da kuma square siffar.

Amma da gaske ado yardar za a iya samu ta hanyar la'akari da insignia Sturmbannfuhrer - a cikin hanyar da suka kama da Scandinavian runes kuma braided a wani m ligature, a saman wanda taurãri aka kafa. Bugu da kari, ratsi, tube baya, oak zanen gado bayyana kore.

Janar epaulettes da aka yi a wannan ilmi, kawai don suna da wani launi zinariya.

Duk da haka, na musamman sha'awa domin haraji wanda yake so ya gane da al'adu da kuma Jamus na wannan lokaci wakiltar wani iri-iri badges, ciki har da division da alãmarsu, wanda aiki a matsayin wata memba na SS. Shi ne ma mai "matattu kai" da kuma crossbones, da kuma Norwegian hannu. Wadannan faci ba m, duk da haka, sun kasance a cikin rundunar sojojin uniform na SS. Mutane da yawa mambobi na kungiyar ne girman kai ga ci su, tabbatar da suke aikatãwa da hakkin abu da kuma cewa rabo ne a tare da su.

siffar

Da farko, a lokacin da SS da ya shigo ya bayyana, da rarrabe daga talakawa memba na jam'iyyar "sansanin" zai iya zama a kan neckties: Sun kasance baki, ba ruwan kasa. Duk da haka, saboda da "katange" ga bayyanar da bukatun da kasafi na more kuma mafi karu daga cikin taron.

Tare da isowa daga Himmler ta kungiyar zama babban launi na baki - Nazis sa iyakoki, shirts, kayan da wannan launi. Wadannan ratsi da aka kara wa Shizuka alamomin da "matattu kai".

Duk da haka, tun Jamus ta shigarwa cikin yaki ya tabbatar da cewa baki ne musamman tsaye a waje a fagen yaƙi, don haka da soja m uniform da aka gabatar. Yana da babu daban-daban, sai dai da launi, da kuma yana da guda m style. A hankali grays gaba daya maye gurbin baki. Form baki aka dauke a zalla a bikin.

ƙarshe

Soja SS daraja kawo wasu alfarma ma'anar. Su - kawai wata takarda da jami'an soja na Wehrmacht, daya ma iya ce, sunã izgili da su. Suka ce, "Duba, mu - da abu guda, amma ya umarce mu, za ka iya ba."

Duk da haka, sabanin SS daga cikin saba sojojin kunshi ba a cikin buttonholes, uniform da kuma sunan da darajõji. Babban abu ne cewa akwai mambobi na kungiyar - yana da m addini a cikin Fuhrer, wanda zarginta da su tare da kiyayya da bloodlust. Bisa ga tsarin sautinsu na Jamus sojoji, ba su son "Hitler ta karnuka" saboda girman kai da kuma raini ga dukan mutanen da ke kewaye.

A wannan hali ya ga jami'an - kawai abu ga wanda ya sha wahala a cikin soja mambobi ne na SS, don haka ne da wannan m tsõro daga gare su. A sakamakon haka, da daraja na Major (a cikin SS ne Sturmbannfuhrer) ya zo nufi a Jamus yawa fiye mafi girma ga daraja, a cikin sojojin sauki. Nazi shugabannin jam'iyyar ne kusan ko da yaushe a gefen "nasu" a lokacin da wasu vnutriarmeyskih rikice-rikice, domin sun san cewa za su iya kawai dõgara a kan su.

A ƙarshe, ba duka mãsu laifi SS kãma gaskiya - yawa daga gare su, suka gudu zuwa kudancin Amirka, ƙasar, canza sunayen da ɓuya daga wa? Anda su ne za zarga - wato, dukan m duniya.